Krebs, RA and AG Fasolo.
... Charlesworth, 1993), and is an important mechanism for the elimination of deleterious mutations (Felsenstein, 1974). Since recombination is so important it is not surprising that it could be under genetic control and that a decrease in recombination in one chromosomal pair would be compensated for b ...
... Charlesworth, 1993), and is an important mechanism for the elimination of deleterious mutations (Felsenstein, 1974). Since recombination is so important it is not surprising that it could be under genetic control and that a decrease in recombination in one chromosomal pair would be compensated for b ...
The human Y chromosome: a sole survivor Noordam, MJ - UvA-DARE
... Our results provide evidence that DAZ gene copy number has a significant effect on semen quality and thus reproductive fitness. This effect of DAZ on spermatogenesis was noticed previously in DAZL-knockout mice and in studies where human DAZ rescued spermatogenesis in the mouse DAZL-knockout and the ...
... Our results provide evidence that DAZ gene copy number has a significant effect on semen quality and thus reproductive fitness. This effect of DAZ on spermatogenesis was noticed previously in DAZL-knockout mice and in studies where human DAZ rescued spermatogenesis in the mouse DAZL-knockout and the ...
The eukaryotic genome: a system regulated at different hierarchical
... How are gene clusters regulated? At least three classes of genomic element should be involved in the control of cell-typespecific expression of gene clusters. First, a cluster-control element that is responsible for switching the genomic domain between its active and inactive state should be present ...
... How are gene clusters regulated? At least three classes of genomic element should be involved in the control of cell-typespecific expression of gene clusters. First, a cluster-control element that is responsible for switching the genomic domain between its active and inactive state should be present ...
mini- review - Microbiology
... The separation of sex and reproduction in bacteria and most other microbes makes their evolutionary adaptation primarily dependent on mutation as the ‘ raw material ’. At first sight, producing as many mutations as possible may thus seem a profitable strategy for microbes, because it would allow the ...
... The separation of sex and reproduction in bacteria and most other microbes makes their evolutionary adaptation primarily dependent on mutation as the ‘ raw material ’. At first sight, producing as many mutations as possible may thus seem a profitable strategy for microbes, because it would allow the ...
Alterations to the remote control of Shh gene expression cause
... Figure 1. Complex long-range regulators control Shh expression during development. The mouse Shh gene is depicted (not to scale) showing the coding region and the relative location of the known Shh enhancers (blue ovals). Brain (SBE1 – 4) and floorplate enhancers (SFPE1,2) reside inside the gene and ...
... Figure 1. Complex long-range regulators control Shh expression during development. The mouse Shh gene is depicted (not to scale) showing the coding region and the relative location of the known Shh enhancers (blue ovals). Brain (SBE1 – 4) and floorplate enhancers (SFPE1,2) reside inside the gene and ...
Cancer Prone Disease Section Alport syndrome and diffuse leiomyomatosis
... mutations that result in failure to synthesize an a5(IV) chain (deletions) or synthesis of a truncated or nonsensical chain (frameshift, premature stop codon, etc.), prevent the formation of trimers containing the a3(IV) and a4(IV) chains. The result is that none of the three chains appears in basem ...
... mutations that result in failure to synthesize an a5(IV) chain (deletions) or synthesis of a truncated or nonsensical chain (frameshift, premature stop codon, etc.), prevent the formation of trimers containing the a3(IV) and a4(IV) chains. The result is that none of the three chains appears in basem ...
AN INTEGRATED MAP OF CATTLE CANDIDATE GENES FOR
... To facilitate the development of new genetic markers for mastitis resistance or susceptibility we used genome-wide comparative approach to review all known mastitis-associated loci. We assembled into a map 233 loci that were identified by six different study approaches (QTLs, association studies, ex ...
... To facilitate the development of new genetic markers for mastitis resistance or susceptibility we used genome-wide comparative approach to review all known mastitis-associated loci. We assembled into a map 233 loci that were identified by six different study approaches (QTLs, association studies, ex ...
Gene Section CPM (carboxypeptidase M) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... The function of CPM in the different cells and organs is not well understood. The expression pattern of CPM in specific cells in the different systems suggests roles in development and/or differentiation. On the one hand CPM may be important for the recycling of amino acids or the local release of a ...
... The function of CPM in the different cells and organs is not well understood. The expression pattern of CPM in specific cells in the different systems suggests roles in development and/or differentiation. On the one hand CPM may be important for the recycling of amino acids or the local release of a ...
Networks in leaf development
... the leaf primordium and repress FIL expression on the adaxial side of the leaf primordium. This demonstrates that FIL is actively excluded from the adaxial domain [32]. The role of YABBY genes in abaxial specification is not clear, however, because loss-of-function mutants do not have obvious dorsov ...
... the leaf primordium and repress FIL expression on the adaxial side of the leaf primordium. This demonstrates that FIL is actively excluded from the adaxial domain [32]. The role of YABBY genes in abaxial specification is not clear, however, because loss-of-function mutants do not have obvious dorsov ...
A Tn 10-lacZ-kanR-URA3 Gene Fusion Transposon for Insertion Mutagenesis and Fusion Analysis of Yeast and Bacterial Genes.
... fusion hopper transposons: T h e structure of miniT n IO-LUK and its progenitor, mini-Tn IO-LK, are shown in Figure 1. Previous work has shown that only the outermost 70 bp of T n l O are essential for transposition of the element if T n I O transposase function is provided in trans (FOSTERet al. 19 ...
... fusion hopper transposons: T h e structure of miniT n IO-LUK and its progenitor, mini-Tn IO-LK, are shown in Figure 1. Previous work has shown that only the outermost 70 bp of T n l O are essential for transposition of the element if T n I O transposase function is provided in trans (FOSTERet al. 19 ...
Gene quantification using real-time quantitative PCR
... and analysis of mRNA expression levels of genes important for the differentiation of cell types of an immune response. Detection of minimal residual disease Hematological malignancies characterized by specific genetic translocations can be used as tumor markers while monitoring the response to thera ...
... and analysis of mRNA expression levels of genes important for the differentiation of cell types of an immune response. Detection of minimal residual disease Hematological malignancies characterized by specific genetic translocations can be used as tumor markers while monitoring the response to thera ...
The Effect of Chromosomal Position on the Expression of the
... (B) Isolation of lines containing single inserts. The segregation of wild-type and rosy mutant eye pigmentation was examined in isogenic lines derived by crossing individual wild-type G2 mates to ry” females. Lines known to contain closely linked sites of insertion were not used. Lines in whiih the ...
... (B) Isolation of lines containing single inserts. The segregation of wild-type and rosy mutant eye pigmentation was examined in isogenic lines derived by crossing individual wild-type G2 mates to ry” females. Lines known to contain closely linked sites of insertion were not used. Lines in whiih the ...
Estimating complexity and adaptation in the embryo: a
... embryo in early development to spatially restricted domains (e.g., tissues, cells) in late development. For many developmental genes, the spatio-temporal expression dynamics have been thoroughly described. It is not clear however, if the global dynamics are similar, or if there are dierences betwee ...
... embryo in early development to spatially restricted domains (e.g., tissues, cells) in late development. For many developmental genes, the spatio-temporal expression dynamics have been thoroughly described. It is not clear however, if the global dynamics are similar, or if there are dierences betwee ...
Origin of the eukaryotic cell
... of mitochondria is helpful to unravel the mystery of the eukaryotic origin. Another interesting phenomenon as a result of endosymbionts was the gene migration from the organelle genome to the nuclear genome, and thus the reduction of the organelle genome, since stable environment within eukaryotic c ...
... of mitochondria is helpful to unravel the mystery of the eukaryotic origin. Another interesting phenomenon as a result of endosymbionts was the gene migration from the organelle genome to the nuclear genome, and thus the reduction of the organelle genome, since stable environment within eukaryotic c ...
Document
... Molecular analyses necessary Take advantage of enzymes and reactions that naturally occur in bacteria ...
... Molecular analyses necessary Take advantage of enzymes and reactions that naturally occur in bacteria ...
Youngson and Whitelaw, 2008
... the establishment of epigenetic state can be influenced by environmental factors (33, 40, 129). To ensure the totipotency of the zygote and to prevent perpetuation of abnormal epigenetic states, most gene regulatory, i.e., epigenetic, information is not transferred between generations. Several mechan ...
... the establishment of epigenetic state can be influenced by environmental factors (33, 40, 129). To ensure the totipotency of the zygote and to prevent perpetuation of abnormal epigenetic states, most gene regulatory, i.e., epigenetic, information is not transferred between generations. Several mechan ...
Understanding the pathological manifestations of aromatase excess
... even a slight increase in the basal expression level causes detectable changes in androgen and estrogen levels in circulating blood. Epstein–Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes have been used as an alternate to primary cells for DNA analysis. Lymphocytes can also serve as research material for mRNA i ...
... even a slight increase in the basal expression level causes detectable changes in androgen and estrogen levels in circulating blood. Epstein–Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes have been used as an alternate to primary cells for DNA analysis. Lymphocytes can also serve as research material for mRNA i ...
REPORT A Longer Polyalanine Expansion Mutation in the ARX
... Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with suppression-burst pattern (EIEE) is one of the most severe and earliest forms of epilepsy, often evolving into West syndrome; however, the pathogenesis of EIEE remains unclear. ARX is a crucial gene for the development of interneurons in the fetal brain, ...
... Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with suppression-burst pattern (EIEE) is one of the most severe and earliest forms of epilepsy, often evolving into West syndrome; however, the pathogenesis of EIEE remains unclear. ARX is a crucial gene for the development of interneurons in the fetal brain, ...
Repeat mediated gene duplication in the Drosophila
... and with minimal assembly gaps) were extracted from the D. pseudoobscura genome as a control. These sequences were used as BLASTN queries against the same repeat database described above, using the same E-values. 3. Results and discussion 3.1. Mechanisms of duplication Many studies have examined dup ...
... and with minimal assembly gaps) were extracted from the D. pseudoobscura genome as a control. These sequences were used as BLASTN queries against the same repeat database described above, using the same E-values. 3. Results and discussion 3.1. Mechanisms of duplication Many studies have examined dup ...
Rates of Spontaneous Mutation
... an order of magnitude lower than the RNA-virus rates listed in Table 2. Because of the large mutational target sizes employed, the rate differences among these viruses may be real. (The rate does not correlate with the retroviral or artificial origin of the mutational target sequence.) Compared to t ...
... an order of magnitude lower than the RNA-virus rates listed in Table 2. Because of the large mutational target sizes employed, the rate differences among these viruses may be real. (The rate does not correlate with the retroviral or artificial origin of the mutational target sequence.) Compared to t ...
P-Element Transformation with period Locus DNA Restores
... rhythms. The isolation of mutations that perturb or abolish rhythms (reviewed by Feldman, 1982) has allowed molecular analyses of these phenomena. The period (per) locus of Drosophila melanogaster, discovered by Konopka and Benzer (1971) is the first gene that was mutated to disrupt biological rhyth ...
... rhythms. The isolation of mutations that perturb or abolish rhythms (reviewed by Feldman, 1982) has allowed molecular analyses of these phenomena. The period (per) locus of Drosophila melanogaster, discovered by Konopka and Benzer (1971) is the first gene that was mutated to disrupt biological rhyth ...
Nematode genome evolution
... Barnes et al. (1995) noticed that the recombination rate in most C. elegans autosomes differs by a factor of ~7–12 between the arms and central clusters. However, in chromosome V, the recombination rate differs by a factor of just four between the arms and cluster. The relatively higher recombinatio ...
... Barnes et al. (1995) noticed that the recombination rate in most C. elegans autosomes differs by a factor of ~7–12 between the arms and central clusters. However, in chromosome V, the recombination rate differs by a factor of just four between the arms and cluster. The relatively higher recombinatio ...
Control of Lysogenization by Phage P22. II. Mutations (clyA) in the c1 Gene that Cause Increased Lysogenization
... & Kaiser (1971) and Echols & Green (1971) proposed that the h ~11 and cl11 gene products are needed to activate transcription from a promoter, p,, (defined by cy mutations), in order to allow high-level transcription of the c1 gene during the early stages of h infection. Tokuno & Gough (1976) later ...
... & Kaiser (1971) and Echols & Green (1971) proposed that the h ~11 and cl11 gene products are needed to activate transcription from a promoter, p,, (defined by cy mutations), in order to allow high-level transcription of the c1 gene during the early stages of h infection. Tokuno & Gough (1976) later ...
Medicina Reproductiva y Embriología Clínica
... into succinyl-CoA during propionyl-CoA metabolism in the mitochondria. This metabolic blockage leads to progressive encephalopathy and hiperammonemia (Manoli and Venditti, 2005). Patients with mut MMA have been divided into two subgroups: mut◦ with no MCM activity and mut− with MCM residual activity ...
... into succinyl-CoA during propionyl-CoA metabolism in the mitochondria. This metabolic blockage leads to progressive encephalopathy and hiperammonemia (Manoli and Venditti, 2005). Patients with mut MMA have been divided into two subgroups: mut◦ with no MCM activity and mut− with MCM residual activity ...
Oncogenomics
Oncogenomics is a relatively new sub-field of genomics that applies high throughput technologies to characterize genes associated with cancer. Oncogenomics is synonymous with ""cancer genomics"". Cancer is a genetic disease caused by accumulation of mutations to DNA leading to unrestrained cell proliferation and neoplasm formation. The goal of oncogenomics is to identify new oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes that may provide new insights into cancer diagnosis, predicting clinical outcome of cancers, and new targets for cancer therapies. The success of targeted cancer therapies such as Gleevec, Herceptin, and Avastin raised the hope for oncogenomics to elucidate new targets for cancer treatment.Besides understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms that initiates or drives cancer progression, one of the main goals of oncogenomics is to allow for the development of personalized cancer treatment. Cancer develops due to an accumulation of mutations in DNA. These mutations accumulate randomly, and thus, different DNA mutations and mutation combinations exist between different individuals with the same type of cancer. Thus, identifying and targeting specific mutations which have occurred in an individual patient may lead to increased efficacy of cancer therapy.The completion of the Human Genome Project has greatly facilitated the field of oncogenomics and has increased the abilities of researchers to find cancer causing genes. In addition, the sequencing technologies now available for sequence generation and data analysis have been applied to the study of oncogenomics. With the amount of research conducted on cancer genomes and the accumulation of databases documenting the mutational changes, it has been predicted that the most important cancer-causing mutations, rearrangements, and altered expression levels will be cataloged and well characterized within the next decade.Cancer research may look either on the genomic level at DNA mutations, the epigenetic level at methylation or histone modification changes, the transcription level at altered levels of gene expression, or the protein level at altered levels of protein abundance and function in cancer cells. Oncogenomics focuses on the genomic, epigenomic, and transcript level alterations in cancer.