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I. Introduction
I. Introduction

... 2. Senescence is the result of the normal wear-and-tear of body parts over many years. 3. Major events of senescence include loss of memory and intellectual functions, loss of coordination and sensory functions, and decreased immune responses. 4. Death usually results from mechanical disturbances in ...
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Immune System PPT NOTES

...  death usually from other infections ...
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... grow. They need the right temperatures in their surroundings. Living things meet their needs by doing certain activities. Activities of living things  Nutrition: All living things need food. Nutrition is how living things take and use food. Cells use foods to grow and make cells. o Respiration: Whe ...
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Artificial cell



An artificial cell or minimal cell is an engineered particle that mimics one or many functions of a biological cell. The term does not refer to a specific physical entity, but rather to the idea that certain functions or structures of biological cells can be replaced or supplemented with a synthetic entity. Often, artificial cells are biological or polymeric membranes which enclose biologically active materials. As such, nanoparticles, liposomes, polymersomes, microcapsules and a number of other particles have qualified as artificial cells. Micro-encapsulation allows for metabolism within the membrane, exchange of small molecules and prevention of passage of large substances across it. The main advantages of encapsulation include improved mimicry in the body, increased solubility of the cargo and decreased immune responses. Notably, artificial cells have been clinically successful in hemoperfusion.In the area of synthetic biology, a ""living"" artificial cell has been defined as a completely synthetically made cell that can capture energy, maintain ion gradients, contain macromolecules as well as store information and have the ability to mutate. Such a cell is not technically feasible yet, but a variation of an artificial cell has been created in which a completely synthetic genome was introduced to genomically emptied host cells. Although not completely artificial because the cytoplasmic components as well as the membrane from the host cell are kept, the engineered cell is under control of a synthetic genome and is able to replicate.
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