NIH Public Access
... amygdala to PTSD by determining if damage to these brain areas changes the likelihood of developing PTSD. However, in an illness such as PTSD that is not amenable to animal lesion studies, this requires the standardized clinical evaluation of a large group of people who suffered the unlikely coincid ...
... amygdala to PTSD by determining if damage to these brain areas changes the likelihood of developing PTSD. However, in an illness such as PTSD that is not amenable to animal lesion studies, this requires the standardized clinical evaluation of a large group of people who suffered the unlikely coincid ...
Virtual dissection and comparative connectivity of the superior
... direct fronto-parietal connections and consider the arcuate to consist of fronto-temporal connections (see the Comparison to previous studies section for a more extensive discussion of terminology). Studies in humans (Makris et al., 2005; Thiebaut de Schotten et al., 2011a) and macaques (Petrides an ...
... direct fronto-parietal connections and consider the arcuate to consist of fronto-temporal connections (see the Comparison to previous studies section for a more extensive discussion of terminology). Studies in humans (Makris et al., 2005; Thiebaut de Schotten et al., 2011a) and macaques (Petrides an ...
Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal–anterior thalamic
... Markowitsch 1994), and biases can be introduced by the reliance on one particular research method. For these reasons we have tried, wherever possible, to present complementary data from an array of techniques and from more than one species. 2. Main features of the proposed model 1. The anatomical fo ...
... Markowitsch 1994), and biases can be introduced by the reliance on one particular research method. For these reasons we have tried, wherever possible, to present complementary data from an array of techniques and from more than one species. 2. Main features of the proposed model 1. The anatomical fo ...
The effect of selective attention on auditory frequency
... inputs. The auditory cortex (AC) is tonotopically organized, which means that the frequency information is mapped to the cortical topography. Thus, similar frequencies are processed in close vicinity at AC. The tonotopy set limits to the frequency resolution, but under selective attention the freque ...
... inputs. The auditory cortex (AC) is tonotopically organized, which means that the frequency information is mapped to the cortical topography. Thus, similar frequencies are processed in close vicinity at AC. The tonotopy set limits to the frequency resolution, but under selective attention the freque ...
Graziano's CV
... Graziano MSA and Aflalo TN (2007) Rethinking cortical organization: Moving away from discrete areas arranged in hierarchies. The Neuroscientist, 13: 138-147. Aflalo TN and Graziano MSA (2007) Relationship between unconstrained arm movement and single neuron firing in the macaque motor cortex. Journ ...
... Graziano MSA and Aflalo TN (2007) Rethinking cortical organization: Moving away from discrete areas arranged in hierarchies. The Neuroscientist, 13: 138-147. Aflalo TN and Graziano MSA (2007) Relationship between unconstrained arm movement and single neuron firing in the macaque motor cortex. Journ ...
Cortical Involvement During Sustained Lower Limb Contractions
... When performing a task under more challenging conditions, such as walking uphill or on an uneven surface, which requires increased force production and greater steadiness to avoid falling, the cortex must modulate force to accommodate the increased force requirements of the task. Lower limb control ...
... When performing a task under more challenging conditions, such as walking uphill or on an uneven surface, which requires increased force production and greater steadiness to avoid falling, the cortex must modulate force to accommodate the increased force requirements of the task. Lower limb control ...
Relationship of Prefrontal Connections to Inhibitory Systems in Superior Temporal
... (1 in every 10 sections). We viewed brain sections with a fluorescence microscope (Nikon, Optiphot), equipped with an encoded stage and coupled electronically to a PC computer, as described above. In some cases we plotted labeled neurons using a commercial system (Neurolucida, Microbrightfield), coupl ...
... (1 in every 10 sections). We viewed brain sections with a fluorescence microscope (Nikon, Optiphot), equipped with an encoded stage and coupled electronically to a PC computer, as described above. In some cases we plotted labeled neurons using a commercial system (Neurolucida, Microbrightfield), coupl ...
Saccade performance in the nasal and temporal
... Another type of eye movement, which also keeps the target at the fovea, is the smooth pursuit movement. Saccades have high velocity and short duration and their role is to move the eye quickly from one position to another to keep the target on the fovea. The role of smooth pursuit is also to keep th ...
... Another type of eye movement, which also keeps the target at the fovea, is the smooth pursuit movement. Saccades have high velocity and short duration and their role is to move the eye quickly from one position to another to keep the target on the fovea. The role of smooth pursuit is also to keep th ...
Projections of the paraventricular and paratenial nuclei
... 2006). They proposed that PV links visceral/arousal systems to limbic forebrain regions involved in behavioral responses (Parsons et al., 2006). Taken as a whole, the foregoing suggests that PV may represent an important relay in the transfer of visceral/ arousal, homeostatic, and circadian informat ...
... 2006). They proposed that PV links visceral/arousal systems to limbic forebrain regions involved in behavioral responses (Parsons et al., 2006). Taken as a whole, the foregoing suggests that PV may represent an important relay in the transfer of visceral/ arousal, homeostatic, and circadian informat ...
Neurofilament and Calcium-Binding Proteins in the
... Sinai Medical Center, New York, the Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland, and the Department of Anatomy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. The materials were collected according to appropriate ethical guidelines and all protocols were reviewed and appr ...
... Sinai Medical Center, New York, the Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland, and the Department of Anatomy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. The materials were collected according to appropriate ethical guidelines and all protocols were reviewed and appr ...
Supplementary Information (doc 1146K)
... processing task (i.e. identification of colors overlaid on emotional faces), we conducted the replication analysis using the unattended condition from the replication sample. We note our replication sample was not prospectively designed to be a replication of our experimental paradigm, but rather it ...
... processing task (i.e. identification of colors overlaid on emotional faces), we conducted the replication analysis using the unattended condition from the replication sample. We note our replication sample was not prospectively designed to be a replication of our experimental paradigm, but rather it ...
Review Spectrin and calpain
... (NMDA) receptor stimulation induces the appearance of characteristic products of aII-spectrin degradation which are the effect of calpain-catalysed hydrolysis. The process is connected to synaptic changes that result in long-term potentiation and memory formation [39, 40]. By using the antibodies sp ...
... (NMDA) receptor stimulation induces the appearance of characteristic products of aII-spectrin degradation which are the effect of calpain-catalysed hydrolysis. The process is connected to synaptic changes that result in long-term potentiation and memory formation [39, 40]. By using the antibodies sp ...
Evolving concepts of developmental auditory processing disorder
... the long term (Krishnan et al, 2005; Kraus & Chandrasekaran, 2010), it seems unlikely that such measures will prove any more useful than direct behavioural measures of low-level sensory processes. Some speech-based hearing tasks may be better predictors (e.g. LiSN-S; Cameron & Dillon, 2008), but the ...
... the long term (Krishnan et al, 2005; Kraus & Chandrasekaran, 2010), it seems unlikely that such measures will prove any more useful than direct behavioural measures of low-level sensory processes. Some speech-based hearing tasks may be better predictors (e.g. LiSN-S; Cameron & Dillon, 2008), but the ...
Neurobiological Mechanisms of the Placebo Effect
... The placebo effect is a psychobiological phenomenon that can be attributable to different mechanisms, including expectation of clinical improvement and pavlovian conditioning. Thus, we have to look for different mechanisms in different conditions, because there is not a single placebo effect but man ...
... The placebo effect is a psychobiological phenomenon that can be attributable to different mechanisms, including expectation of clinical improvement and pavlovian conditioning. Thus, we have to look for different mechanisms in different conditions, because there is not a single placebo effect but man ...
Final Paper - The Oxbow School
... texture and see sound. Less intense versions allow direct correlations between color, text or numbers and translate these visual aspects into each other. Though synesthesia-like qualities often appear in the brains of those with different degrees of learning disorders and/or autism, only 1% of our p ...
... texture and see sound. Less intense versions allow direct correlations between color, text or numbers and translate these visual aspects into each other. Though synesthesia-like qualities often appear in the brains of those with different degrees of learning disorders and/or autism, only 1% of our p ...
Information processing in the cortex: The relevance of coherent oscillations for neuronal communication
... for excitatory neurons and I for inhibitory ones). Several different (and sometimes reduced) cases of this type of network have been studied. Eeckman & Freeman (1990) developed a model for induced rhythms in olfactory structures, in which synchronous oscillation was generated by a feedback loop betw ...
... for excitatory neurons and I for inhibitory ones). Several different (and sometimes reduced) cases of this type of network have been studied. Eeckman & Freeman (1990) developed a model for induced rhythms in olfactory structures, in which synchronous oscillation was generated by a feedback loop betw ...
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal and diseased brain
... TNF-α in CNS disease TNF-α may play a key role in a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases including ischemia, Parkinson’s disease (PD), HIV-1–associated dementia (HAD), MS, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and AD (Grazia De Simoni and Imeri, 1998). The modes by which TNF-α production and a ...
... TNF-α in CNS disease TNF-α may play a key role in a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases including ischemia, Parkinson’s disease (PD), HIV-1–associated dementia (HAD), MS, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and AD (Grazia De Simoni and Imeri, 1998). The modes by which TNF-α production and a ...
Auditory cortical processing: Binaural interaction in healthy
... Two functioning ears provide clear advantages over monaural listening. We are able to locate sound sources in a variety of auditory spaces accurately (≈1 deg) and rapidly, and redirect our attention towards the sound sources. In addition, our speech understanding in noisy and reverberant environment ...
... Two functioning ears provide clear advantages over monaural listening. We are able to locate sound sources in a variety of auditory spaces accurately (≈1 deg) and rapidly, and redirect our attention towards the sound sources. In addition, our speech understanding in noisy and reverberant environment ...
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... The first 2 authors contributed equally to this work The rat auditory cortex is divided anatomically into several areas, but little is known about the functional differences in information processing between these areas. To determine the filter properties of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons ...
... The first 2 authors contributed equally to this work The rat auditory cortex is divided anatomically into several areas, but little is known about the functional differences in information processing between these areas. To determine the filter properties of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons ...
Topographic Organization of Connections Between the Hypothalamus and
... Prefrontal Cortex in the Rhesus Monkey N.L. REMPEL-CLOWER* AND H. BARBAS Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 ...
... Prefrontal Cortex in the Rhesus Monkey N.L. REMPEL-CLOWER* AND H. BARBAS Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 ...
Olfactory pathway
... the temporal lobe (uncus). Then to olfactory association cortex (anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus or entorinal area). The primary olfactory area and olfactory association cortex are referred to as the pyriform cortex. It is responsible for the appreciation of olfactory stimuli. ...
... the temporal lobe (uncus). Then to olfactory association cortex (anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus or entorinal area). The primary olfactory area and olfactory association cortex are referred to as the pyriform cortex. It is responsible for the appreciation of olfactory stimuli. ...
Saccade Target Selection in the Superior - Smith
... interest, selecting one goal from many is clearly a fundamental problem faced by the saccadic system. We recorded from visual, movement, and visuo-movement (VM) neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) of monkeys performing a reaction-time visual-search task requiring them to make saccades to an odd- ...
... interest, selecting one goal from many is clearly a fundamental problem faced by the saccadic system. We recorded from visual, movement, and visuo-movement (VM) neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) of monkeys performing a reaction-time visual-search task requiring them to make saccades to an odd- ...
ITI-signals and prelimbic cortex facilitate avoidance acquisition and
... As a model of anxiety disorder vulnerability, male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats acquire leverpress avoidance behavior more readily than outbred Sprague-Dawley rats, and their acquisition is enhanced by the presence of a discrete signal presented during the inter-trial intervals (ITIs), suggesting that it ...
... As a model of anxiety disorder vulnerability, male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats acquire leverpress avoidance behavior more readily than outbred Sprague-Dawley rats, and their acquisition is enhanced by the presence of a discrete signal presented during the inter-trial intervals (ITIs), suggesting that it ...
The Auditory System
... nerve and terminate in the cochlear nuclei. The principal auditory pathway passes from the cochlea, via the cochlear nuclei, the inferior colliculus and the medial geniculate body (MGB) to the contralateral auditory cortex on the dorsal surface of the superior temporal gyrus. Each MGB is bilaterally ...
... nerve and terminate in the cochlear nuclei. The principal auditory pathway passes from the cochlea, via the cochlear nuclei, the inferior colliculus and the medial geniculate body (MGB) to the contralateral auditory cortex on the dorsal surface of the superior temporal gyrus. Each MGB is bilaterally ...
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... circuits. On the other hand, for systems neurophysiologists working with alert animals, who have long recorded single neurons with tremendous success in uncovering neural correlates of behavior, understanding coordinated neural population patterns in a circuit represents a new challenge. Moreover, c ...
... circuits. On the other hand, for systems neurophysiologists working with alert animals, who have long recorded single neurons with tremendous success in uncovering neural correlates of behavior, understanding coordinated neural population patterns in a circuit represents a new challenge. Moreover, c ...
Neuroesthetics
Neuroesthetics (or neuroaesthetics) is a relatively recent sub-discipline of empirical aesthetics. Empirical aesthetics takes a scientific approach to the study of aesthetic perceptions of art and music. Neuroesthetics received its formal definition in 2002 as the scientific study of the neural bases for the contemplation and creation of a work of art. Neuroesthetics uses neuroscience to explain and understand the aesthetic experiences at the neurological level. The topic attracts scholars from many disciplines including neuroscientists, art historians, artists, and psychologists.