Specificity in Inhibitory Systems Associated with Prefrontal Pathways to
... to inhibitory neurons labeled for calbindin (CB) or parvalbumin (PV), which differ in mode of inhibition. Projection neurons in area 10 originated mostly in layers 2--3 and were intermingled with CB inhibitory neurons. In contrast, projections from area 32 originated predominantly in layers 5--6 amo ...
... to inhibitory neurons labeled for calbindin (CB) or parvalbumin (PV), which differ in mode of inhibition. Projection neurons in area 10 originated mostly in layers 2--3 and were intermingled with CB inhibitory neurons. In contrast, projections from area 32 originated predominantly in layers 5--6 amo ...
Neuronal and microglial cathepsins in aging and age
... members of cathepsins are also involved in extracellular proteolysis resulting in pathological conditions. Leakage of cathepsins into the cytoplasm is often achieved by the endocytosis of oxidizable substrates that destabilize the lysosomal membranes through lipid peroxidation. It has been proposed ...
... members of cathepsins are also involved in extracellular proteolysis resulting in pathological conditions. Leakage of cathepsins into the cytoplasm is often achieved by the endocytosis of oxidizable substrates that destabilize the lysosomal membranes through lipid peroxidation. It has been proposed ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intraparietal area (area AIP) while the animal was grasping or fixating on three-dimensional (3D) objects of different geometric shapes, sizes, and orientations. We studied the activity of 132 task-related neuro ...
... investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intraparietal area (area AIP) while the animal was grasping or fixating on three-dimensional (3D) objects of different geometric shapes, sizes, and orientations. We studied the activity of 132 task-related neuro ...
Towards the utilization of EEG as a brain imaging tool
... The strength of the potential field can be quantified by a single measure termed Global Field Power (GFP; (Lehmann and Skrandies, 1980)). GFP is equal to the standard deviation across electrodes at a given instant in time. Because it is a global measure of response strength, GFP provides no informatio ...
... The strength of the potential field can be quantified by a single measure termed Global Field Power (GFP; (Lehmann and Skrandies, 1980)). GFP is equal to the standard deviation across electrodes at a given instant in time. Because it is a global measure of response strength, GFP provides no informatio ...
Methods of Studying The Nervous System - U
... • Its value lies in the fact that particular EEG wave forms are associated with particular states of consciousness; generally lowamplitude, fast EEG activity is associated with alert aroused state; and highamplitude, slow EEG activity (alpha waves) is associated with a relaxed but awake state Pinel' ...
... • Its value lies in the fact that particular EEG wave forms are associated with particular states of consciousness; generally lowamplitude, fast EEG activity is associated with alert aroused state; and highamplitude, slow EEG activity (alpha waves) is associated with a relaxed but awake state Pinel' ...
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... evaluated how changes in receptive field structure and temporal fidelity can arise from shortterm experience with these sounds based on a spike-timing dependent plasticity model. In summary this thesis documents for the first time 1) how FM sweeps of one octave width are represented along three rela ...
... evaluated how changes in receptive field structure and temporal fidelity can arise from shortterm experience with these sounds based on a spike-timing dependent plasticity model. In summary this thesis documents for the first time 1) how FM sweeps of one octave width are represented along three rela ...
Why do Breakups "Hurt?" - Wyoming Scholars Repository
... and body process physical pain and emotional stress. Are there physiological similarities? What is happening in the body? How are the signals in the brain similar and/or different? By looking at existing data on these subjects, this study aims to answer these questions and explain why breakups “hurt ...
... and body process physical pain and emotional stress. Are there physiological similarities? What is happening in the body? How are the signals in the brain similar and/or different? By looking at existing data on these subjects, this study aims to answer these questions and explain why breakups “hurt ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... limited to therapeutic targets, such as the STN, and recordings can be performed only in patients with abnormal movement control. The overall objective of the current work was to investigate functional connectivity using simultaneous recordings from the cortex and other strategic BG sites of healthy ...
... limited to therapeutic targets, such as the STN, and recordings can be performed only in patients with abnormal movement control. The overall objective of the current work was to investigate functional connectivity using simultaneous recordings from the cortex and other strategic BG sites of healthy ...
Nucleus Accumbensμ-Opioids Regulate Intake of a High
... solitary tract (Brog et al., 1993), and rostral basal amygdala (Wright and Groenewegen, 1996). In addition to processing critical orosensory information, the nucleus accumbens projects to the lateral and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, ventral pallidum, and ventral tegmental area ...
... solitary tract (Brog et al., 1993), and rostral basal amygdala (Wright and Groenewegen, 1996). In addition to processing critical orosensory information, the nucleus accumbens projects to the lateral and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, ventral pallidum, and ventral tegmental area ...
Proteus: Visual Analogy in Problem Solving
... mapping (or aligning) the the elements of target and the source, transferring knowledge from the source to the target, evaluating what was transferred in the context of the target, and storing the target in memory. These tasks may themselves involve additional subtasks. For example, the retrieval ta ...
... mapping (or aligning) the the elements of target and the source, transferring knowledge from the source to the target, evaluating what was transferred in the context of the target, and storing the target in memory. These tasks may themselves involve additional subtasks. For example, the retrieval ta ...
Getting Over It: Long-Lasting Effects of Emotion
... end of a single experimental session—10 to 15 min after regulation took place (Erk et al., 2010; Walter et al., 2009)—it is unknown whether and under what circumstances this attenuation can endure over longer periods of time, and what neural mechanisms may be involved. Using a novel variant of an ...
... end of a single experimental session—10 to 15 min after regulation took place (Erk et al., 2010; Walter et al., 2009)—it is unknown whether and under what circumstances this attenuation can endure over longer periods of time, and what neural mechanisms may be involved. Using a novel variant of an ...
Canceling Planned Action: An fMRI Study of
... comes from behavioral (Logan et al., 1984; Osman et al., 1986; Hanes and Schall, 1995; Hanes and Carpenter, 1999; Cabel et al., 2000; Asrress and Carpenter, 2001; Colonius et al., 2001; Ozyurt et al., 2003) and electrophysiological (De Jong et al., 1990, 1995; Osman et al., 1992) studies of humans p ...
... comes from behavioral (Logan et al., 1984; Osman et al., 1986; Hanes and Schall, 1995; Hanes and Carpenter, 1999; Cabel et al., 2000; Asrress and Carpenter, 2001; Colonius et al., 2001; Ozyurt et al., 2003) and electrophysiological (De Jong et al., 1990, 1995; Osman et al., 1992) studies of humans p ...
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... he ventral intraparietal area (VIP) in the monkey brain receives convergent input from visual, somatosensory, and motor areas (1, 2). Neurons in VIP respond to visual and somatosensory stimuli, with a relative emphasis on stimuli that are near, approaching, or touching the head (3–5). Many neurons a ...
... he ventral intraparietal area (VIP) in the monkey brain receives convergent input from visual, somatosensory, and motor areas (1, 2). Neurons in VIP respond to visual and somatosensory stimuli, with a relative emphasis on stimuli that are near, approaching, or touching the head (3–5). Many neurons a ...
Cerebral correlates of delta waves during non
... values of delta power is likely to obscure the interpretation of the results. Therefore, in our second analysis, data obtained during wakefulness were discarded from the statistical analysis. As shown in Fig. 1, this analysis run on data exclusively recorded during NREM sleep yielded markedly differ ...
... values of delta power is likely to obscure the interpretation of the results. Therefore, in our second analysis, data obtained during wakefulness were discarded from the statistical analysis. As shown in Fig. 1, this analysis run on data exclusively recorded during NREM sleep yielded markedly differ ...
Do superior colliculus projection zones in the inferior pulvinar
... Projections of the superior colliculus to the pulvinar complex were studied after large injections of WGA-HRP into the superior colliculus of three owl monkeys. The full extent of the injections varied, however, with the largest injection occurring in Case 97-53, where the superficial layers were de ...
... Projections of the superior colliculus to the pulvinar complex were studied after large injections of WGA-HRP into the superior colliculus of three owl monkeys. The full extent of the injections varied, however, with the largest injection occurring in Case 97-53, where the superficial layers were de ...
Neural Responses to Facial Expression and Face Identity in the
... MATLAB (The MathWorks, Natick, MA). Only trials in which the monkey maintained its gaze within the boundary of the stimulus images for the required time were included in the analysis. For each image presentation, two time intervals were considered: a baseline interval, 1 s immediately before the ons ...
... MATLAB (The MathWorks, Natick, MA). Only trials in which the monkey maintained its gaze within the boundary of the stimulus images for the required time were included in the analysis. For each image presentation, two time intervals were considered: a baseline interval, 1 s immediately before the ons ...
The precision of value-based choices depends causally on
... single-unit recording studies in non-human primates7–10. However, it is largely unclear why value signals should be present in parallel for both of these regions. Recent theoretical models suggest that this may reflect an integrated circuit in which medial–prefrontal areas compute value signals5 and ...
... single-unit recording studies in non-human primates7–10. However, it is largely unclear why value signals should be present in parallel for both of these regions. Recent theoretical models suggest that this may reflect an integrated circuit in which medial–prefrontal areas compute value signals5 and ...
Subregions of the human superior frontal gyrus and their connections
... (rsFC) can reveal functional correlation between every two regions by evaluating the temporal coherence of the low frequency blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals. The combination of these methods will simultaneously show both the anatomical and functional connection patterns of a brain area, ...
... (rsFC) can reveal functional correlation between every two regions by evaluating the temporal coherence of the low frequency blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals. The combination of these methods will simultaneously show both the anatomical and functional connection patterns of a brain area, ...
Full Text - Anesth Pain Med
... when a clinical study in which implantation of stimulating electrodes in the PAG of 175 intractable pain patients resulted in short-lasting (12 patients) or long-lasting (3 patients) post-operative migraine-like headache (59). However, it should be noted that electrical stimulation of the PAG did no ...
... when a clinical study in which implantation of stimulating electrodes in the PAG of 175 intractable pain patients resulted in short-lasting (12 patients) or long-lasting (3 patients) post-operative migraine-like headache (59). However, it should be noted that electrical stimulation of the PAG did no ...
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... in question. A well-defined map of muscles does not appear to exist. Different body parts are represented in an intermingled fashion (Penfield and Boldrey, 1937; Woolsey et al., 1952; Donoghue et al., 1992; Schieber and Hibbard, 1993; Sanes et al., 1995). Though it is possible to distinguish a broad ...
... in question. A well-defined map of muscles does not appear to exist. Different body parts are represented in an intermingled fashion (Penfield and Boldrey, 1937; Woolsey et al., 1952; Donoghue et al., 1992; Schieber and Hibbard, 1993; Sanes et al., 1995). Though it is possible to distinguish a broad ...
donepezil dose-dependently inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity in
... obtained at autopsy (mean age 64.8 ^ 3.6 years). The interval between death and autopsy was less than 4 h. The left half of the human brain was sliced coronally into approximately 1 cm slabs, which were fixed by immersion for 24–36 h in an ice-cold 0.1 M phosphate-buffered (pH 7.4) 4% paraformaldehy ...
... obtained at autopsy (mean age 64.8 ^ 3.6 years). The interval between death and autopsy was less than 4 h. The left half of the human brain was sliced coronally into approximately 1 cm slabs, which were fixed by immersion for 24–36 h in an ice-cold 0.1 M phosphate-buffered (pH 7.4) 4% paraformaldehy ...
Mirror Neurons Responding to Observation of Actions Made with
... (F). Note that also the motor response, as the visual response, began during the approaching phase of grasping and peaked when the hand or the mouth closed on the food. Figure 2 shows an example of a neuron (Unit 102) selective for the observation of an action made with pliers. The neuron discharged ...
... (F). Note that also the motor response, as the visual response, began during the approaching phase of grasping and peaked when the hand or the mouth closed on the food. Figure 2 shows an example of a neuron (Unit 102) selective for the observation of an action made with pliers. The neuron discharged ...
Developmental structure in brain evolution
... infants recognize a different pattern as a face, orient to it, and reproduce its expressions (Meltzoff 1996). In looking more closely at the structure of brain evolution, we may hope to understand how the general and the specialized can cohabit in a single brain. The predominant quantitative anatomi ...
... infants recognize a different pattern as a face, orient to it, and reproduce its expressions (Meltzoff 1996). In looking more closely at the structure of brain evolution, we may hope to understand how the general and the specialized can cohabit in a single brain. The predominant quantitative anatomi ...
Attractor concretion as a mechanism for the formation of context
... hence has a positive value, and the other that predicts punishment and has a negative value. The delivery of reward or punishment resets the AN to the wait state. The AN encodes the CS–US associations by making CS triggered transitions to the state that represents the value of the predicted US. The ...
... hence has a positive value, and the other that predicts punishment and has a negative value. The delivery of reward or punishment resets the AN to the wait state. The AN encodes the CS–US associations by making CS triggered transitions to the state that represents the value of the predicted US. The ...
Here - Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience
... through the parietal cortex in order to elicit appropriate place cell firing. This is consistent with a number of experiments that demonstrate that mental exploration/navigation depends on the posterior parietal and extrahippocampal medial temporal regions in primates and on homologous regions in th ...
... through the parietal cortex in order to elicit appropriate place cell firing. This is consistent with a number of experiments that demonstrate that mental exploration/navigation depends on the posterior parietal and extrahippocampal medial temporal regions in primates and on homologous regions in th ...
Neuroesthetics
Neuroesthetics (or neuroaesthetics) is a relatively recent sub-discipline of empirical aesthetics. Empirical aesthetics takes a scientific approach to the study of aesthetic perceptions of art and music. Neuroesthetics received its formal definition in 2002 as the scientific study of the neural bases for the contemplation and creation of a work of art. Neuroesthetics uses neuroscience to explain and understand the aesthetic experiences at the neurological level. The topic attracts scholars from many disciplines including neuroscientists, art historians, artists, and psychologists.