Reward-Related Responses in the Human Striatum
... of the basal ganglia complex, such as the striatum, that is involved in motor and reward processes.6 The main input unit of the basal ganglia is the striatum, which receives synaptic input from cortical and subcortical afferents, such as motor cortical input and dopaminergic projections from substan ...
... of the basal ganglia complex, such as the striatum, that is involved in motor and reward processes.6 The main input unit of the basal ganglia is the striatum, which receives synaptic input from cortical and subcortical afferents, such as motor cortical input and dopaminergic projections from substan ...
Sample
... 2-27. It is lunchtime and you anticipate a feast. Which component of the nervous system will control digestion of this feast? a) central b) somatic c) autonomic d) peripheral ANS: c, p. 44, F/D, Difficulty=1 2-28. Which physiological response results from activation of the sympathetic nervous system ...
... 2-27. It is lunchtime and you anticipate a feast. Which component of the nervous system will control digestion of this feast? a) central b) somatic c) autonomic d) peripheral ANS: c, p. 44, F/D, Difficulty=1 2-28. Which physiological response results from activation of the sympathetic nervous system ...
chapter 12. schizophrenia 12.4 schizophrenia
... patients with matched controls, with their own well siblings, and even with a monozygotic twin discordant for schizophrenia. On the other hand, several impressive negative reports, including prospective, epidemiological surveys have failed to find a significant increase in such complications. Howeve ...
... patients with matched controls, with their own well siblings, and even with a monozygotic twin discordant for schizophrenia. On the other hand, several impressive negative reports, including prospective, epidemiological surveys have failed to find a significant increase in such complications. Howeve ...
full text - TReAD Lab
... Anatomical differences between the medial and lateral STN are substantial. For example, the medial tip of the STN has reciprocal projections with the primate limbic pallidum (ventral pallidum (VP) in rodents), whereas the lSTN preferentially interacts with the external pallidal segment (globus palli ...
... Anatomical differences between the medial and lateral STN are substantial. For example, the medial tip of the STN has reciprocal projections with the primate limbic pallidum (ventral pallidum (VP) in rodents), whereas the lSTN preferentially interacts with the external pallidal segment (globus palli ...
Subcortical loops through the basal ganglia
... a range of debilitating clinical conditions whose most obvious manifestations are disturbances in movement. It is increasingly recognized, however, that many of these disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s chorea, schizophrenia, attention deficit disorder, Tourette’s syndrome and var ...
... a range of debilitating clinical conditions whose most obvious manifestations are disturbances in movement. It is increasingly recognized, however, that many of these disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s chorea, schizophrenia, attention deficit disorder, Tourette’s syndrome and var ...
Behavioural Brain Research Learning processing in the basal ganglia
... after the second half of the last century. Studies involving patients who became amnesic after lesion to the medial temporal lobe (such as patient H.M.) have shown that these patients conserved some learning and memory abilities later named nondeclarative or procedural memories [190,196]. These clin ...
... after the second half of the last century. Studies involving patients who became amnesic after lesion to the medial temporal lobe (such as patient H.M.) have shown that these patients conserved some learning and memory abilities later named nondeclarative or procedural memories [190,196]. These clin ...
One Computer Scientist`s (Deep) Superior Colliculus
... research. Biomimetic approaches at various levels are attractive especially in robotics due to the similarity of the challenges in robotics to those faced by living organisms. Neurorobotics is the application of biomimetics to robotic applications at the level of neural information processing. It is ...
... research. Biomimetic approaches at various levels are attractive especially in robotics due to the similarity of the challenges in robotics to those faced by living organisms. Neurorobotics is the application of biomimetics to robotic applications at the level of neural information processing. It is ...
Insula function in anorexia nervosa
... the left frontal cortex when compared with controls2, 3. In recovered AN patients, a decreased binding to 5-HT2A could be seen in the parietal and temporal cortex and in the subgenual cingulated when compared with AN patients2, 3. fMRI studies use two different stimuli to provoke AN related symptoms ...
... the left frontal cortex when compared with controls2, 3. In recovered AN patients, a decreased binding to 5-HT2A could be seen in the parietal and temporal cortex and in the subgenual cingulated when compared with AN patients2, 3. fMRI studies use two different stimuli to provoke AN related symptoms ...
cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses
... effects of VGP include effects on verbal memory, some types of attention, sleep, learning and knowledge.2–4 Furthermore, in imaging studies, VGP was shown to cause substantial dopamine release in the dopaminergic system5 as well as addiction.6 Previous cross-sectional studies have revealed that chil ...
... effects of VGP include effects on verbal memory, some types of attention, sleep, learning and knowledge.2–4 Furthermore, in imaging studies, VGP was shown to cause substantial dopamine release in the dopaminergic system5 as well as addiction.6 Previous cross-sectional studies have revealed that chil ...
The distribution of retino‐collicular axon terminals in rhesus monkey
... eye injection. In this plot all three dimensions are represented; the thickness of the blackened areas corresponding to the depth dimension. A well-definedlandmark, the optic disc representation (OD), can be seen as a large, oval break in the contralateral projection. The figure is aligned on the mi ...
... eye injection. In this plot all three dimensions are represented; the thickness of the blackened areas corresponding to the depth dimension. A well-definedlandmark, the optic disc representation (OD), can be seen as a large, oval break in the contralateral projection. The figure is aligned on the mi ...
Shape Selectivity in Primate Frontal Eye Field
... transforming the outcome of visual processing into a command to orient (Schall 2004). Several more recent investigations have shown that although the initial activity of visually responsive neurons in FEF does not discriminate whether a target or distractor stimulus appears in their receptive fields ...
... transforming the outcome of visual processing into a command to orient (Schall 2004). Several more recent investigations have shown that although the initial activity of visually responsive neurons in FEF does not discriminate whether a target or distractor stimulus appears in their receptive fields ...
Okamoto Devel Neurbiol Review
... tion of neural circuits regulating monoaminergic systems. Fish and amphibian habenulae can be subdivided into dHb and vHb based on differences in cytoarchitecture (Braford and Northcutt, 1983; Kemali and Làzàr, 1985). The zebrafish dHb projects to the IPN (Aizawa et al., 2005; Gamse et al., 2005) a ...
... tion of neural circuits regulating monoaminergic systems. Fish and amphibian habenulae can be subdivided into dHb and vHb based on differences in cytoarchitecture (Braford and Northcutt, 1983; Kemali and Làzàr, 1985). The zebrafish dHb projects to the IPN (Aizawa et al., 2005; Gamse et al., 2005) a ...
Auditory working memory: contributions of lateral prefrontal cortex
... my husband I owe a debt of gratitude for being there when it counted the most and standing by me for all the challenges great and small. ...
... my husband I owe a debt of gratitude for being there when it counted the most and standing by me for all the challenges great and small. ...
Modulation of Inhibition of Return by the Dopamine D2 Receptor
... dopamine (DA) in both involuntary attention and IOR. DA is involved in a variety of cognitive functions, and 3 lines of evidence suggest that it also modulates IOR. First, patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), a disease characterized by reduced dopaminergic transmission in the striatum, have reduc ...
... dopamine (DA) in both involuntary attention and IOR. DA is involved in a variety of cognitive functions, and 3 lines of evidence suggest that it also modulates IOR. First, patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), a disease characterized by reduced dopaminergic transmission in the striatum, have reduc ...
Eye fields in the frontal lobes of primates
... Two eye fields have been identified in the frontal lobes of primates: one is situated dorsomedially within the frontal cortex and will be referred to as the eye field within the dorsomedial frontal cortex ŽDMFC.; the other resides dorsolaterally within the frontal cortex and is commonly referred to ...
... Two eye fields have been identified in the frontal lobes of primates: one is situated dorsomedially within the frontal cortex and will be referred to as the eye field within the dorsomedial frontal cortex ŽDMFC.; the other resides dorsolaterally within the frontal cortex and is commonly referred to ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... or fixating on three-dimensional (3D) objects of different geometric shapes, sizes, and orientations. We studied the activity of 132 task-related neurons during the hand-manipulation tasks in the light and in the dark, as well as during object fixation. Seventy-seven percent (101/132) of the hand-ma ...
... or fixating on three-dimensional (3D) objects of different geometric shapes, sizes, and orientations. We studied the activity of 132 task-related neurons during the hand-manipulation tasks in the light and in the dark, as well as during object fixation. Seventy-seven percent (101/132) of the hand-ma ...
Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive - lsr
... with each other, and therefore, it is difficult to understand, solely based on the known anatomical connections, how the information is processed in the basal ganglia. We propose that the basal ganglia have two ways to control movements using two kinds of output: 1) control over the thalamocortical ...
... with each other, and therefore, it is difficult to understand, solely based on the known anatomical connections, how the information is processed in the basal ganglia. We propose that the basal ganglia have two ways to control movements using two kinds of output: 1) control over the thalamocortical ...
Neuroophthalmology – edu.materials 1
... associated movements and are not tied to one another in the manner usually referred to by the term reflex. They are controlled, synchronized, and associated by supranuclear connections, but they are not caused by one another (co -movements – one can occur in the absence of the other ) - with a near ...
... associated movements and are not tied to one another in the manner usually referred to by the term reflex. They are controlled, synchronized, and associated by supranuclear connections, but they are not caused by one another (co -movements – one can occur in the absence of the other ) - with a near ...
JERZY KONORSKI`S THEORY OF CONDITIONED
... to their association. As the result of association, the conditioned stimulus becomes, according to Pavlov, a "substitute" for the unconditioned stimulus and evokes a response similar to that observed to the unconditioned stimulus presented alone (24). In contrast to that in instrumental canditionin ...
... to their association. As the result of association, the conditioned stimulus becomes, according to Pavlov, a "substitute" for the unconditioned stimulus and evokes a response similar to that observed to the unconditioned stimulus presented alone (24). In contrast to that in instrumental canditionin ...
Transgenic Mice for Intersectional Targeting of Neural Sensors and
... genes, but rather by intersectional expression of multiple genes. Thus, it is imperative to develop intersectional genetic targeting approaches, combining regulatory elements from two or more genes to increase specificity of transgene expression. Important efforts have been made to develop transgeni ...
... genes, but rather by intersectional expression of multiple genes. Thus, it is imperative to develop intersectional genetic targeting approaches, combining regulatory elements from two or more genes to increase specificity of transgene expression. Important efforts have been made to develop transgeni ...
Introduction - Bowling Green State University
... processes may be linked to specific cognitive, perceptual and motor representation, it doesn’t really explain the arousal function per se. Instead of explaining the activation properties of DA as the result of the increased salience of external stimuli, we will propose an alternative approach in whi ...
... processes may be linked to specific cognitive, perceptual and motor representation, it doesn’t really explain the arousal function per se. Instead of explaining the activation properties of DA as the result of the increased salience of external stimuli, we will propose an alternative approach in whi ...
Biologically Plausible Error-driven Learning using Local Activation
... The approach proposed by Hinton and McClelland (1988) is to use bi-directional activation recirculation within a single, recurrently connected network (with symmetric weights) to convey error signals. In order to get this to work, they used a somewhat unwieldy four-stage activation update process th ...
... The approach proposed by Hinton and McClelland (1988) is to use bi-directional activation recirculation within a single, recurrently connected network (with symmetric weights) to convey error signals. In order to get this to work, they used a somewhat unwieldy four-stage activation update process th ...
Can We Really See a Million Colours? David Papineau Abstract
... However, the primary purpose in this paper is not to establish a precise positive account of conscious colour vision, but to cast doubt on orthodoxy. For this purpose, it will be convenient to formulate a simple alternative, and to show that the existing evidence favours it over orthodoxy. But it sh ...
... However, the primary purpose in this paper is not to establish a precise positive account of conscious colour vision, but to cast doubt on orthodoxy. For this purpose, it will be convenient to formulate a simple alternative, and to show that the existing evidence favours it over orthodoxy. But it sh ...
A precocious adult visual center in the larva defines the unique optic
... Introduction: Whirligig beetles (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae) are aquatic insects living on the water surface. They are equipped with four compound eyes, an upper pair viewing above the water surface and a lower submerged pair viewing beneath the water surface, but little is known about how their visual b ...
... Introduction: Whirligig beetles (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae) are aquatic insects living on the water surface. They are equipped with four compound eyes, an upper pair viewing above the water surface and a lower submerged pair viewing beneath the water surface, but little is known about how their visual b ...
Plasticity during stroke recovery: from synapse to behaviour
... The area of tissue that borders the stroke core region typically experiences reduced blood flow and is termed the penumbra1,4 (FIG. 1). The penumbra is also defined as the region of perfusion–diffusion mismatch by mrI imaging, in which blood flow might be reduced but infarct-related diffusion signal ...
... The area of tissue that borders the stroke core region typically experiences reduced blood flow and is termed the penumbra1,4 (FIG. 1). The penumbra is also defined as the region of perfusion–diffusion mismatch by mrI imaging, in which blood flow might be reduced but infarct-related diffusion signal ...
Neuroesthetics
Neuroesthetics (or neuroaesthetics) is a relatively recent sub-discipline of empirical aesthetics. Empirical aesthetics takes a scientific approach to the study of aesthetic perceptions of art and music. Neuroesthetics received its formal definition in 2002 as the scientific study of the neural bases for the contemplation and creation of a work of art. Neuroesthetics uses neuroscience to explain and understand the aesthetic experiences at the neurological level. The topic attracts scholars from many disciplines including neuroscientists, art historians, artists, and psychologists.