Auditory Cortex (1)
... 1. Woolsey CN and Walzl EM. Topical projection of nerve fibers from local regions of the cochlea to the cerebral cortex of the cat. Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital 71: 315-344, 1942. 2. Evans EF, Ross HF and Whitfield IC. The spatial distribution of unit characteristic frequency in the primar ...
... 1. Woolsey CN and Walzl EM. Topical projection of nerve fibers from local regions of the cochlea to the cerebral cortex of the cat. Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital 71: 315-344, 1942. 2. Evans EF, Ross HF and Whitfield IC. The spatial distribution of unit characteristic frequency in the primar ...
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... TMS placed over the medial frontal cortex with a double-cone coil resulted in specific changes of brain activity in the dACC and in the sgACC. It is known that TMS can alter regional cerebral blood fiow (rCBF) both in the directly stimulated brain areas and in functionally connected areas (Speer et ...
... TMS placed over the medial frontal cortex with a double-cone coil resulted in specific changes of brain activity in the dACC and in the sgACC. It is known that TMS can alter regional cerebral blood fiow (rCBF) both in the directly stimulated brain areas and in functionally connected areas (Speer et ...
New frontiers in neuroimaging applications to inborn errors of
... putamen (and to a lesser degree, the globus pallidi) in glutaric aciduria type 1 [7], putamen in certain mitochondrial cytopathies [8], or the globus pallidus in methylmalonic acidemia [9]. Selectivity for particular brain regions or even cell types based on morphology or neurotransmitter systems (a ...
... putamen (and to a lesser degree, the globus pallidi) in glutaric aciduria type 1 [7], putamen in certain mitochondrial cytopathies [8], or the globus pallidus in methylmalonic acidemia [9]. Selectivity for particular brain regions or even cell types based on morphology or neurotransmitter systems (a ...
Sounds of Silence BU scientists are helping a paralyzed man utter his
... Guenther and Brumberg are collaborating with researchers at Georgia Tech to refine the decoder. Each improvement makes it easier for Ramsey to learn, but it also means that his brain must continually adjust and master a new system. “When we learn to speak as infants, it takes us months. It’s not an ...
... Guenther and Brumberg are collaborating with researchers at Georgia Tech to refine the decoder. Each improvement makes it easier for Ramsey to learn, but it also means that his brain must continually adjust and master a new system. “When we learn to speak as infants, it takes us months. It’s not an ...
Nervous System Mega Matching Table
... arachnoid mater arachnoid villi arbor vitae association tract astrocytes axon basal nuclei (basal ganglia) Broca's area cauda equina central sulcus cerebellum cerebral peduncles choroid plexus commissural tract conus medullaris corpus callosum decussation of pyramids dendrite dermatome dorsal root g ...
... arachnoid mater arachnoid villi arbor vitae association tract astrocytes axon basal nuclei (basal ganglia) Broca's area cauda equina central sulcus cerebellum cerebral peduncles choroid plexus commissural tract conus medullaris corpus callosum decussation of pyramids dendrite dermatome dorsal root g ...
Development of GAP-43 mRNA in the macaque cerebral cortex
... representative growth-associated protein that increases in accordance with axonal elongation. The amounts of mRNA, protein, and phosphorylation of GAP-43 increase during regeneration after injury and also during normal development of the central and the peripheral nervous systems Žfor review, see w6 ...
... representative growth-associated protein that increases in accordance with axonal elongation. The amounts of mRNA, protein, and phosphorylation of GAP-43 increase during regeneration after injury and also during normal development of the central and the peripheral nervous systems Žfor review, see w6 ...
Prediction in Human Decision Making
... and adaptive decisions. Decision making is defined as the ability to choose between different alternatives. Purpose: this study, we have addressed the prediction aspect of human decision making from neurological, experimental and modeling points of view. Methods: We used a predictive reinforcement l ...
... and adaptive decisions. Decision making is defined as the ability to choose between different alternatives. Purpose: this study, we have addressed the prediction aspect of human decision making from neurological, experimental and modeling points of view. Methods: We used a predictive reinforcement l ...
Functional Anatomy, Physiology and Clinical Aspects of Basal Ganglia
... typical for the damage of a particular loop or cause typical symptoms for the damage of several of them (ibid.). The symptoms, being the consequence of, definitely localized in the brain, damages of the particular structures of cortico-subcortical loops, can overlap with the symptoms from different ...
... typical for the damage of a particular loop or cause typical symptoms for the damage of several of them (ibid.). The symptoms, being the consequence of, definitely localized in the brain, damages of the particular structures of cortico-subcortical loops, can overlap with the symptoms from different ...
TINS04
... in learning to read in children with otherwise normal intellectual functioning and educational opportunities. Researchers typically attempt to characterise dyslexia at the genetic, neurobiological and cognitive levels of description, and to uncover causal pathways between the different levels. One n ...
... in learning to read in children with otherwise normal intellectual functioning and educational opportunities. Researchers typically attempt to characterise dyslexia at the genetic, neurobiological and cognitive levels of description, and to uncover causal pathways between the different levels. One n ...
Auditory Hallucinations as a Separate Entitity
... of external sensory stimulation during AH8. In 1919, Kraepelin had postulated that AH was a result of temporal lobe abnormalities9. This hypothesis was supported by severe abnormalities in the left temporal lobe in the brains of patients with schizophrenia, found post mortem. The present hypotheses ...
... of external sensory stimulation during AH8. In 1919, Kraepelin had postulated that AH was a result of temporal lobe abnormalities9. This hypothesis was supported by severe abnormalities in the left temporal lobe in the brains of patients with schizophrenia, found post mortem. The present hypotheses ...
The Importance of Chaos Theory in the Development of Artificial
... There are several variations on this mind-game that can be played. You can imagine, for instance, that instead of one neuron cycling the feedback to itself, that two or more neurons are playing "frisbee" with the feedback. In that case, the output for a given input will not only depend on whether th ...
... There are several variations on this mind-game that can be played. You can imagine, for instance, that instead of one neuron cycling the feedback to itself, that two or more neurons are playing "frisbee" with the feedback. In that case, the output for a given input will not only depend on whether th ...
ling411-13 - Rice University
... “If neurons in the functional web are strongly linked, they should show similar response properties in neurophysiological experiments. “If the neurons of the functional web are necessary for the optimal processing of the represented entity, lesion of a significant portion of the network neurons must ...
... “If neurons in the functional web are strongly linked, they should show similar response properties in neurophysiological experiments. “If the neurons of the functional web are necessary for the optimal processing of the represented entity, lesion of a significant portion of the network neurons must ...
Brain oscillations in perception and memory
... these methods yields results leading to the conclusion that alpha-, theta-, delta-, and gammaresponses are functionally relevant brain responses-related to psychophysiological functions, in short, ‘real signals’ ŽBaşar, 1998, 1999.. We intend to show that these oscillations have multifold functions ...
... these methods yields results leading to the conclusion that alpha-, theta-, delta-, and gammaresponses are functionally relevant brain responses-related to psychophysiological functions, in short, ‘real signals’ ŽBaşar, 1998, 1999.. We intend to show that these oscillations have multifold functions ...
Treatment of Thalamic Pain by Chronic Motor Cortex Stimulation
... and the ipsilateral thalamic and brain stem area. The skin temperature in the painful area increased to almost the same level as that in the contralateral nonpainful area. At 1 year after the implantation, five of tbe cases did not have any complaints about pain without any supplemental medication, ...
... and the ipsilateral thalamic and brain stem area. The skin temperature in the painful area increased to almost the same level as that in the contralateral nonpainful area. At 1 year after the implantation, five of tbe cases did not have any complaints about pain without any supplemental medication, ...
This file has Chapter II: Structural differentiation of the brain • Neural
... The neural plate is rendered bilaterally symmetrical (consisting of right and left neural folds) by a midline depression, the neural groove, which also defines a longitudinal axis bounded rostrally by the oropharyngeal membrane and caudally by the primitive (Hensen’s) node. According to Källén (1952 ...
... The neural plate is rendered bilaterally symmetrical (consisting of right and left neural folds) by a midline depression, the neural groove, which also defines a longitudinal axis bounded rostrally by the oropharyngeal membrane and caudally by the primitive (Hensen’s) node. According to Källén (1952 ...
Responses to Rare Visual Target and Distractor Stimuli Using Event
... involved in this response by virtue of the greater anatomic specificity of fMRI when compared with ERPs. This in turn would assist in the interpretation of these ERP effects in clinical populations and may offer additional information useful for the diagnosis and treatment of CNS disorders. Previous ...
... involved in this response by virtue of the greater anatomic specificity of fMRI when compared with ERPs. This in turn would assist in the interpretation of these ERP effects in clinical populations and may offer additional information useful for the diagnosis and treatment of CNS disorders. Previous ...
make motor neuron posters now
... 3. In the occipital lobes: analysis of visual patterns and recognition. 4. The WERNICKE’S AREA, where the parietal, temporal, and occipital association areas join, plays the primary role in complex thought processes ...
... 3. In the occipital lobes: analysis of visual patterns and recognition. 4. The WERNICKE’S AREA, where the parietal, temporal, and occipital association areas join, plays the primary role in complex thought processes ...
12 - Chemistry
... (a) The main thalamic nuclei. (The reticular nuclei that “cap” the thalamus laterally are depicted as curving translucent structures.) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... (a) The main thalamic nuclei. (The reticular nuclei that “cap” the thalamus laterally are depicted as curving translucent structures.) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
the brain`s concepts: the role of the sensory
... among others. In Fodor’s theory (see Fodor, 1975), the purported amodal nature of concepts draws a sharp dividing line between the modular input/ output brain structures and a generalised cognitive system (unanalysed at the level of the brain), whose functioning rules are totally independent from th ...
... among others. In Fodor’s theory (see Fodor, 1975), the purported amodal nature of concepts draws a sharp dividing line between the modular input/ output brain structures and a generalised cognitive system (unanalysed at the level of the brain), whose functioning rules are totally independent from th ...
the brain`s concepts: the role of the sensory
... among others. In Fodor’s theory (see Fodor, 1975), the purported amodal nature of concepts draws a sharp dividing line between the modular input/ output brain structures and a generalised cognitive system (unanalysed at the level of the brain), whose functioning rules are totally independent from th ...
... among others. In Fodor’s theory (see Fodor, 1975), the purported amodal nature of concepts draws a sharp dividing line between the modular input/ output brain structures and a generalised cognitive system (unanalysed at the level of the brain), whose functioning rules are totally independent from th ...
What is Psychology?
... brain as if split in half front-to-back – Inside surface of right half of brain – Eyes on the left, near the word “hypothalamus” ...
... brain as if split in half front-to-back – Inside surface of right half of brain – Eyes on the left, near the word “hypothalamus” ...
The Distribution of Chandelier Cell Axon Terminals that Express the
... Chandelier cells represent a unique type of cortical GABAergic interneuron whose axon terminals (Ch-terminals) form synapses exclusively with the axon initial segments of pyramidal cells. In this study, we have used immunocytochemistry for the high-affinity plasma membrane transporter-1 (GAT-1) to a ...
... Chandelier cells represent a unique type of cortical GABAergic interneuron whose axon terminals (Ch-terminals) form synapses exclusively with the axon initial segments of pyramidal cells. In this study, we have used immunocytochemistry for the high-affinity plasma membrane transporter-1 (GAT-1) to a ...
Human Anatomy & Physiology I
... Compares actual movements with intended ones Helps produce smooth, coordinated movements Helps execute skilled motor activities Regulates posture and balance ...
... Compares actual movements with intended ones Helps produce smooth, coordinated movements Helps execute skilled motor activities Regulates posture and balance ...
Human brain
The human brain is the main organ of the human nervous system. It is located in the head, protected by the skull. It has the same general structure as the brains of other mammals, but with a more developed cerebral cortex. Large animals such as whales and elephants have larger brains in absolute terms, but when measured using a measure of relative brain size, which compensates for body size, the quotient for the human brain is almost twice as large as that of a bottlenose dolphin, and three times as large as that of a chimpanzee. Much of the size of the human brain comes from the cerebral cortex, especially the frontal lobes, which are associated with executive functions such as self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought. The area of the cerebral cortex devoted to vision, the visual cortex, is also greatly enlarged in humans compared to other animals.The human cerebral cortex is a thick layer of neural tissue that covers most of the brain. This layer is folded in a way that increases the amount of surface that can fit into the volume available. The pattern of folds is similar across individuals, although there are many small variations. The cortex is divided into four lobes – the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe. (Some classification systems also include a limbic lobe and treat the insular cortex as a lobe.) Within each lobe are numerous cortical areas, each associated with a particular function, including vision, motor control, and language. The left and right sides of the cortex are broadly similar in shape, and most cortical areas are replicated on both sides. Some areas, though, show strong lateralization, particularly areas that are involved in language. In most people, the left hemisphere is dominant for language, with the right hemisphere playing only a minor role. There are other functions, such as visual-spatial ability, for which the right hemisphere is usually dominant.Despite being protected by the thick bones of the skull, suspended in cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the human brain is susceptible to damage and disease. The most common forms of physical damage are closed head injuries such as a blow to the head, a stroke, or poisoning by a variety of chemicals which can act as neurotoxins, such as ethanol alcohol. Infection of the brain, though serious, is rare because of the biological barriers which protect it. The human brain is also susceptible to degenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, (mostly as the result of aging) and multiple sclerosis. A number of psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia and clinical depression, are thought to be associated with brain dysfunctions, although the nature of these is not well understood. The brain can also be the site of brain tumors and these can be benign or malignant.There are some techniques for studying the brain that are used in other animals that are just not suitable for use in humans and vice versa. It is easier to obtain individual brain cells taken from other animals, for study. It is also possible to use invasive techniques in other animals such as inserting electrodes into the brain or disabling certains parts of the brain in order to examine the effects on behaviour – techniques that are not possible to be used in humans. However, only humans can respond to complex verbal instructions or be of use in the study of important brain functions such as language and other complex cognitive tasks, but studies from humans and from other animals, can be of mutual help. Medical imaging technologies such as functional neuroimaging and EEG recordings are important techniques in studying the brain. The complete functional understanding of the human brain is an ongoing challenge for neuroscience.