Culturing the adolescent brain: what can
... Sweeney, 2004) correlate with maturation of the brain during adolescence. Among these, risk-taking and impulsivity are two sets of behaviours that have received considerable attention in adolescent brain research. Drawing on data from in vivo structural and functional studies of the developing human ...
... Sweeney, 2004) correlate with maturation of the brain during adolescence. Among these, risk-taking and impulsivity are two sets of behaviours that have received considerable attention in adolescent brain research. Drawing on data from in vivo structural and functional studies of the developing human ...
Patient Machine Interface for the Control of Mechanical Ventilation
... Breathing insures the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood to maintain essential functions of the organs of the body on a moment by moment basis [1]. Breathing is subject to both voluntary and automatic control. Voluntary control adjusts breathing during daily activiti ...
... Breathing insures the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood to maintain essential functions of the organs of the body on a moment by moment basis [1]. Breathing is subject to both voluntary and automatic control. Voluntary control adjusts breathing during daily activiti ...
Canonical computations of cerebral cortex
... How is gain modulated in the local cortical circuit? In recent years studies of specific cell types in mice have suggested a number of specific circuits that lower or raise gain through inhibition or disinhibition respectively [26,27,28,29,30,31,32–34]. However, these circuits alone do not exp ...
... How is gain modulated in the local cortical circuit? In recent years studies of specific cell types in mice have suggested a number of specific circuits that lower or raise gain through inhibition or disinhibition respectively [26,27,28,29,30,31,32–34]. However, these circuits alone do not exp ...
Wernicke`s area homologue in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and
... the cortex underlying the planum temporale (Sweet et al. 2005) and, hence, has been suggested to be the major contributor towards leftward asymmetry of the planum temporale in humans (Galaburda et al. 1978). Among non-human primates, area Tpt has been identified in chimpanzees (Bailey et al. 1950), ...
... the cortex underlying the planum temporale (Sweet et al. 2005) and, hence, has been suggested to be the major contributor towards leftward asymmetry of the planum temporale in humans (Galaburda et al. 1978). Among non-human primates, area Tpt has been identified in chimpanzees (Bailey et al. 1950), ...
Pediatric neuro imaging gets boost from Ingenia
... neonatal encephalopathy.” “Pediatric neuro MR is much different than MRI in adults,” he explains. “We deal with all sizes of children, requiring modifications Neonate day 1 – Achieva 1.5T ...
... neonatal encephalopathy.” “Pediatric neuro MR is much different than MRI in adults,” he explains. “We deal with all sizes of children, requiring modifications Neonate day 1 – Achieva 1.5T ...
Brain stem representation of thermal and psychogenic sweating in
... range of secondary functions, such as facilitating tactile and thermal sensitivity, increasing contact friction (grip), and reducing the risk of tissue damage (55). The main nonthermal drive to sweating in resting individuals is mental stress or arousal, referred to here as psychogenic sweating (32) ...
... range of secondary functions, such as facilitating tactile and thermal sensitivity, increasing contact friction (grip), and reducing the risk of tissue damage (55). The main nonthermal drive to sweating in resting individuals is mental stress or arousal, referred to here as psychogenic sweating (32) ...
MR-guided parenchymal delivery of adeno-associated
... Figure 1. GFP expression after bilateral delivery of AAV5-CAG-GFP into putamen. GFP immunostaining (brown) showed optimal coverage at the injection sites of both putamina (a). Gadolinium signal was mostly contained within target structures as shown in the 3D MRI reconstruction (b). Strong signal was ...
... Figure 1. GFP expression after bilateral delivery of AAV5-CAG-GFP into putamen. GFP immunostaining (brown) showed optimal coverage at the injection sites of both putamina (a). Gadolinium signal was mostly contained within target structures as shown in the 3D MRI reconstruction (b). Strong signal was ...
Segregation and convergence of specialised pathways in
... The experiments reported here reveal no further divergence between these channels: both types of V4 subcompartment make rather similar patterns of connection with further visual areas and subcortical structures. In contrast to V4, area V5 receives input from the thick stripes of V2. V4 and V5 are we ...
... The experiments reported here reveal no further divergence between these channels: both types of V4 subcompartment make rather similar patterns of connection with further visual areas and subcortical structures. In contrast to V4, area V5 receives input from the thick stripes of V2. V4 and V5 are we ...
Metabolic Processes - Part II
... Information from your brain is moved to your leg muscles by motor neurons. A. True B. False ...
... Information from your brain is moved to your leg muscles by motor neurons. A. True B. False ...
Short-Lasting Classical Conditioning Induces
... the "trained" row B of whiskers and the control row B, unstimulated during the behavioral training, on the other side of the snout. We previously ascertained (Chmielowska et al., 1986; Kossut et al., 1988) that there were no ipsilateral changes of 2DG uptake produced by unilateral whisker stimulatio ...
... the "trained" row B of whiskers and the control row B, unstimulated during the behavioral training, on the other side of the snout. We previously ascertained (Chmielowska et al., 1986; Kossut et al., 1988) that there were no ipsilateral changes of 2DG uptake produced by unilateral whisker stimulatio ...
Calculating Consequences - Human Reward and Decision Making lab
... actions were, i.e., whether making a response caused them to receive To compute the objective contingency for each schedule as experimoney, using a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 indicated not causal and 100 enced by the subjects, we divided up each session into 10 s bins and indicated strongly causal ...
... actions were, i.e., whether making a response caused them to receive To compute the objective contingency for each schedule as experimoney, using a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 indicated not causal and 100 enced by the subjects, we divided up each session into 10 s bins and indicated strongly causal ...
Neuron
... In the posterior parietal cortex, significant BOLD activations were clustered along the banks of the intraparietal sulcus, mainly in BA 7 (Figure 2A). There were multiple pairs of bilateral peaks from the fundus to the lateral bank of the intraparietal sulcus (Figure 2B). We call a pair of bilateral ...
... In the posterior parietal cortex, significant BOLD activations were clustered along the banks of the intraparietal sulcus, mainly in BA 7 (Figure 2A). There were multiple pairs of bilateral peaks from the fundus to the lateral bank of the intraparietal sulcus (Figure 2B). We call a pair of bilateral ...
Neural Basis of Psychological Growth following Adverse
... posttraumatic psychopathology [1–3]. Evidence gathered during the past decade has increasingly suggested that positive outcomes can derive from adversity and other negative events. These studies have included a systematic examination of the psychological domains for the positive outcomes and their a ...
... posttraumatic psychopathology [1–3]. Evidence gathered during the past decade has increasingly suggested that positive outcomes can derive from adversity and other negative events. These studies have included a systematic examination of the psychological domains for the positive outcomes and their a ...
The Graded Motor Imagery Handbook, 2012
... posture of the limb- requires an intact working body schema & it’s integration of premotor processes Confirm or deny the initial judgment –dependent on the processing speed of the CNS ...
... posture of the limb- requires an intact working body schema & it’s integration of premotor processes Confirm or deny the initial judgment –dependent on the processing speed of the CNS ...
PDF
... and intrinsic (int) connections. (A) Feedforward (red) and intrinsic (blue arrow) connections are both modular (“columnar”). Pyramidal neurons postsynaptic to feedforward connections presumably are themselves interconnected, but how these extrinsic and intrinsic connections interact is poorly unders ...
... and intrinsic (int) connections. (A) Feedforward (red) and intrinsic (blue arrow) connections are both modular (“columnar”). Pyramidal neurons postsynaptic to feedforward connections presumably are themselves interconnected, but how these extrinsic and intrinsic connections interact is poorly unders ...
Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain
... Through long-range projection and association fibres the frontal lobes receive sensory information from subcortical nuclei (e.g., thalamus) and sensory cortices (i.e., visual, auditory, somatosensory, gustatory and olfactory) and respond to environmental stimuli. These connections are also used to e ...
... Through long-range projection and association fibres the frontal lobes receive sensory information from subcortical nuclei (e.g., thalamus) and sensory cortices (i.e., visual, auditory, somatosensory, gustatory and olfactory) and respond to environmental stimuli. These connections are also used to e ...
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
... Disturbances in mental function measured immediately after concussion can determine the severity of injury Players with a LOC (brief) do not recover to baseline in 15 minute but did within 48 hours (small study 91 participants, Kelly) ...
... Disturbances in mental function measured immediately after concussion can determine the severity of injury Players with a LOC (brief) do not recover to baseline in 15 minute but did within 48 hours (small study 91 participants, Kelly) ...
Network structure underlying resolution of conflicting non
... resolutions, and the response time for the resolutions. Neuroimaging analysis of the fMRI experiment II To avoid a circular analysis and maintain the independence of this analysis from the aforementioned analysis, we employed independent seven subjects who did not undergo the fMRI experiment I. The ...
... resolutions, and the response time for the resolutions. Neuroimaging analysis of the fMRI experiment II To avoid a circular analysis and maintain the independence of this analysis from the aforementioned analysis, we employed independent seven subjects who did not undergo the fMRI experiment I. The ...
11. The Evolution of Language Systems in the Human Brain
... subsequent studies have since identified polymodal function in homologous cortical regions as well as other inferior parietal and middle temporal areas (e.g. Ettlinger and Wilson, 1990). In response to this failure to find unprecedented brain structures relevant to human language facility, most atte ...
... subsequent studies have since identified polymodal function in homologous cortical regions as well as other inferior parietal and middle temporal areas (e.g. Ettlinger and Wilson, 1990). In response to this failure to find unprecedented brain structures relevant to human language facility, most atte ...
Sleep Mar 19 2013x - Lakehead University
... During waking, the locus coeruleus (NE) and the raphe nuclei (5-HT) fire and enhance awake states (some ACh neurons also participate as well) These diffuse modulatory systems control rhythmic behaviors of the thalamus, which controls many EEG rhythms of the cortex (remember slow wave rhythms…block f ...
... During waking, the locus coeruleus (NE) and the raphe nuclei (5-HT) fire and enhance awake states (some ACh neurons also participate as well) These diffuse modulatory systems control rhythmic behaviors of the thalamus, which controls many EEG rhythms of the cortex (remember slow wave rhythms…block f ...
Human brain
The human brain is the main organ of the human nervous system. It is located in the head, protected by the skull. It has the same general structure as the brains of other mammals, but with a more developed cerebral cortex. Large animals such as whales and elephants have larger brains in absolute terms, but when measured using a measure of relative brain size, which compensates for body size, the quotient for the human brain is almost twice as large as that of a bottlenose dolphin, and three times as large as that of a chimpanzee. Much of the size of the human brain comes from the cerebral cortex, especially the frontal lobes, which are associated with executive functions such as self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought. The area of the cerebral cortex devoted to vision, the visual cortex, is also greatly enlarged in humans compared to other animals.The human cerebral cortex is a thick layer of neural tissue that covers most of the brain. This layer is folded in a way that increases the amount of surface that can fit into the volume available. The pattern of folds is similar across individuals, although there are many small variations. The cortex is divided into four lobes – the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe. (Some classification systems also include a limbic lobe and treat the insular cortex as a lobe.) Within each lobe are numerous cortical areas, each associated with a particular function, including vision, motor control, and language. The left and right sides of the cortex are broadly similar in shape, and most cortical areas are replicated on both sides. Some areas, though, show strong lateralization, particularly areas that are involved in language. In most people, the left hemisphere is dominant for language, with the right hemisphere playing only a minor role. There are other functions, such as visual-spatial ability, for which the right hemisphere is usually dominant.Despite being protected by the thick bones of the skull, suspended in cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the human brain is susceptible to damage and disease. The most common forms of physical damage are closed head injuries such as a blow to the head, a stroke, or poisoning by a variety of chemicals which can act as neurotoxins, such as ethanol alcohol. Infection of the brain, though serious, is rare because of the biological barriers which protect it. The human brain is also susceptible to degenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, (mostly as the result of aging) and multiple sclerosis. A number of psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia and clinical depression, are thought to be associated with brain dysfunctions, although the nature of these is not well understood. The brain can also be the site of brain tumors and these can be benign or malignant.There are some techniques for studying the brain that are used in other animals that are just not suitable for use in humans and vice versa. It is easier to obtain individual brain cells taken from other animals, for study. It is also possible to use invasive techniques in other animals such as inserting electrodes into the brain or disabling certains parts of the brain in order to examine the effects on behaviour – techniques that are not possible to be used in humans. However, only humans can respond to complex verbal instructions or be of use in the study of important brain functions such as language and other complex cognitive tasks, but studies from humans and from other animals, can be of mutual help. Medical imaging technologies such as functional neuroimaging and EEG recordings are important techniques in studying the brain. The complete functional understanding of the human brain is an ongoing challenge for neuroscience.