View CV as a PDF - Cedars
... My current research focus combines neuroscience and regenerative medicine in order to understand mechanisms of disease and neurological disorders such as ALS and traumatic brain injury with the goal of developing therapeutic treatments. ...
... My current research focus combines neuroscience and regenerative medicine in order to understand mechanisms of disease and neurological disorders such as ALS and traumatic brain injury with the goal of developing therapeutic treatments. ...
video slide - Course Notes
... • The outermost layer of the cerebral cortex has a different arrangement in birds and mammals. • In mammals, the cerebral cortex has a convoluted surface called the neocortex, which was previously thought to be required for cognition. • Cognition is the perception and reasoning that form knowledge. ...
... • The outermost layer of the cerebral cortex has a different arrangement in birds and mammals. • In mammals, the cerebral cortex has a convoluted surface called the neocortex, which was previously thought to be required for cognition. • Cognition is the perception and reasoning that form knowledge. ...
Reconstructing the Engram: Neurotechnique Simultaneous, Multisite
... remain stable for long periods. Poststimulus time histograms (Figure 6A) were used to demonstrate that the sensory responses of the same set of cortical neurons remained extremely constant for several hours. Stable recordings like these demonstrated that our paradigm can be used for long-term, real- ...
... remain stable for long periods. Poststimulus time histograms (Figure 6A) were used to demonstrate that the sensory responses of the same set of cortical neurons remained extremely constant for several hours. Stable recordings like these demonstrated that our paradigm can be used for long-term, real- ...
Nerve activates contraction
... association area • Working memory and judgment • Problem solving • Language comprehension Broca’s area (motor speech) Olfactory area ...
... association area • Working memory and judgment • Problem solving • Language comprehension Broca’s area (motor speech) Olfactory area ...
6-1 Nervous System
... interprets meaning of speech determines type of sound - speech, music, and noise also interprets meaning of speech by translating words into thoughts located inferior to primary auditory area in temporal lobe ...
... interprets meaning of speech determines type of sound - speech, music, and noise also interprets meaning of speech by translating words into thoughts located inferior to primary auditory area in temporal lobe ...
The Co-evolution of Language and the Brain
... In this paper I will discuss the ‘what’, ‘where’, ‘why’, and ’how’ questions of language: What is language? Where is language in the brain? Why and how did language come to be reflected in the architecture of the brain? The discussion will be based on a comparison of two recent and contrastive accou ...
... In this paper I will discuss the ‘what’, ‘where’, ‘why’, and ’how’ questions of language: What is language? Where is language in the brain? Why and how did language come to be reflected in the architecture of the brain? The discussion will be based on a comparison of two recent and contrastive accou ...
Abstract Book Brain Circuits for Positive Emotions
... of happiness often seems to ignore this possibility. Perhaps the best-known example of this possibility outside philosophy is one from economics: inability to defer gratification or present happiness will make you worse off. But many other cases have been described by philosophers over the centuries ...
... of happiness often seems to ignore this possibility. Perhaps the best-known example of this possibility outside philosophy is one from economics: inability to defer gratification or present happiness will make you worse off. But many other cases have been described by philosophers over the centuries ...
Properties of spike train spectra in two parietal reach areas
... Fetz 1996; Donoghue et al. 1998; Lebedev and Wise 2000) and the observed oscillations are in approximately the same frequency band as those observed in PRR (16– 50 Hz). In primary motor cortex temporal structure is not consistently related to motor behavior (Murthy and Fetz 1996; Donoghue et al. 199 ...
... Fetz 1996; Donoghue et al. 1998; Lebedev and Wise 2000) and the observed oscillations are in approximately the same frequency band as those observed in PRR (16– 50 Hz). In primary motor cortex temporal structure is not consistently related to motor behavior (Murthy and Fetz 1996; Donoghue et al. 199 ...
Frontal lobe and cognitive development
... ganglia; in addition, it is profusely connected with the association cortex of occipital, temporal, and parietal regions (for detailed review of frontal connections, see Fuster, 1997b). The precise functional role of the connections of the prefrontal cortex is not entirely known, but can be inferred ...
... ganglia; in addition, it is profusely connected with the association cortex of occipital, temporal, and parietal regions (for detailed review of frontal connections, see Fuster, 1997b). The precise functional role of the connections of the prefrontal cortex is not entirely known, but can be inferred ...
What Are Emotional States, and Why Do We
... involving implicit evaluation of rewards and others explicit, verbal, conscious, evaluation of rewards and planned long-term goals, must all enter into the selector of behaviour (see Figure 2). The implication is that operation by animals (including humans) using reward and punishment systems tun ...
... involving implicit evaluation of rewards and others explicit, verbal, conscious, evaluation of rewards and planned long-term goals, must all enter into the selector of behaviour (see Figure 2). The implication is that operation by animals (including humans) using reward and punishment systems tun ...
Introduction to the Brain presenter notes
... The discovery of the reward pathway was achieved with the help of animals such as rats. Rats were trained to press a lever for a tiny electrical jolt to certain parts of the brain. Show that when an electrode is placed in the nucleus accumbens, the rat keeps pressing the lever to receive the small e ...
... The discovery of the reward pathway was achieved with the help of animals such as rats. Rats were trained to press a lever for a tiny electrical jolt to certain parts of the brain. Show that when an electrode is placed in the nucleus accumbens, the rat keeps pressing the lever to receive the small e ...
The Human Mirror Neuron System and Embodied
... the past 20 years. This relationship has been spurred by a shift in thinking about the function of the motor system as involved in the control of action, rather than movement and the discovery of the mirror neuron system (Gallese et al., 1996; Jeannerod, 1999). Various lines of evidence have been pu ...
... the past 20 years. This relationship has been spurred by a shift in thinking about the function of the motor system as involved in the control of action, rather than movement and the discovery of the mirror neuron system (Gallese et al., 1996; Jeannerod, 1999). Various lines of evidence have been pu ...
Experimental Brain Research 221(1)
... MIP) is crucial for the integration of visual and somatic information, which occurs at the single cell level, for reaching movements (Johnson et al. 1996); and (3) ventral parietal cluster (i.e. AIP) is composed of areas involved in the visual control of hand–object interaction, such as grasping (Ri ...
... MIP) is crucial for the integration of visual and somatic information, which occurs at the single cell level, for reaching movements (Johnson et al. 1996); and (3) ventral parietal cluster (i.e. AIP) is composed of areas involved in the visual control of hand–object interaction, such as grasping (Ri ...
Brain Part
... The brain is the largest and most complex portion of the nervous system. It occupies the cranial cavity and is composed of one hundred billion multipolar neurons. The brain oversees the function of the entire body and also provides characteristics like personality. The brain is composed of 4 major p ...
... The brain is the largest and most complex portion of the nervous system. It occupies the cranial cavity and is composed of one hundred billion multipolar neurons. The brain oversees the function of the entire body and also provides characteristics like personality. The brain is composed of 4 major p ...
Investigating pain networks in the spinal cord using functional MRI
... net effect of physical, emotional and cognitive influences. Two people might perceive the pain caused by a noxious stimulus quite differently, or a person may perceive an identical stimulus to be more or less intense, depending on their attention focus or emotional state. It is a fairly common to sa ...
... net effect of physical, emotional and cognitive influences. Two people might perceive the pain caused by a noxious stimulus quite differently, or a person may perceive an identical stimulus to be more or less intense, depending on their attention focus or emotional state. It is a fairly common to sa ...
The limbic system. A maze on the essentials: memory, learning and
... are related to complex and devastating disorders, which still are not well known, such as dementia, schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. We will try to clarify this puzzle that is essential in humans. The components of the limbic system are: ...
... are related to complex and devastating disorders, which still are not well known, such as dementia, schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. We will try to clarify this puzzle that is essential in humans. The components of the limbic system are: ...
Perception, action, and word meanings in the human brain
... comprehension. First, brain regions involved in understanding actual action-verbs could be quite different from those involved in matching newly learned labels to simple videos of motion animations. Second, the authors did not examine activity in each individual’s MT/MST region. Instead brain activi ...
... comprehension. First, brain regions involved in understanding actual action-verbs could be quite different from those involved in matching newly learned labels to simple videos of motion animations. Second, the authors did not examine activity in each individual’s MT/MST region. Instead brain activi ...
Gender Differences in Human Brain: A Review
... sexes. Sex and age were the main determinants of the total number of neurons in the human neocortex, whereas body size, per se, had no influence on neuron number [11]. Gender differences in precentral, cingulate, and anterior temporal white matter areas were also found, suggesting that microstructur ...
... sexes. Sex and age were the main determinants of the total number of neurons in the human neocortex, whereas body size, per se, had no influence on neuron number [11]. Gender differences in precentral, cingulate, and anterior temporal white matter areas were also found, suggesting that microstructur ...
Organization of Visual Areas in Macaque and Human Cerebral
... next (Van Essen et al., 1984; Maunsell and Van Essen, 1987). This is compounded by substantial variability in the exact pattern of convolutions and in the location of areal boundaries relative to gyral and sulcal landmarks A compelling case for areal identification entails finding region-specific c ...
... next (Van Essen et al., 1984; Maunsell and Van Essen, 1987). This is compounded by substantial variability in the exact pattern of convolutions and in the location of areal boundaries relative to gyral and sulcal landmarks A compelling case for areal identification entails finding region-specific c ...
Fact vs fiction—how paratextual information
... object looks like from what it really is (Woolley and Wellman, 1990) and to distinguish between factual and fictional worlds (Woolley and Cox, 2007). It is also known that readers can learn from fiction and integrate information from fictional worlds into their real-world knowledge (Gerrig and Rapp, ...
... object looks like from what it really is (Woolley and Wellman, 1990) and to distinguish between factual and fictional worlds (Woolley and Cox, 2007). It is also known that readers can learn from fiction and integrate information from fictional worlds into their real-world knowledge (Gerrig and Rapp, ...
Human brain
The human brain is the main organ of the human nervous system. It is located in the head, protected by the skull. It has the same general structure as the brains of other mammals, but with a more developed cerebral cortex. Large animals such as whales and elephants have larger brains in absolute terms, but when measured using a measure of relative brain size, which compensates for body size, the quotient for the human brain is almost twice as large as that of a bottlenose dolphin, and three times as large as that of a chimpanzee. Much of the size of the human brain comes from the cerebral cortex, especially the frontal lobes, which are associated with executive functions such as self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought. The area of the cerebral cortex devoted to vision, the visual cortex, is also greatly enlarged in humans compared to other animals.The human cerebral cortex is a thick layer of neural tissue that covers most of the brain. This layer is folded in a way that increases the amount of surface that can fit into the volume available. The pattern of folds is similar across individuals, although there are many small variations. The cortex is divided into four lobes – the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe. (Some classification systems also include a limbic lobe and treat the insular cortex as a lobe.) Within each lobe are numerous cortical areas, each associated with a particular function, including vision, motor control, and language. The left and right sides of the cortex are broadly similar in shape, and most cortical areas are replicated on both sides. Some areas, though, show strong lateralization, particularly areas that are involved in language. In most people, the left hemisphere is dominant for language, with the right hemisphere playing only a minor role. There are other functions, such as visual-spatial ability, for which the right hemisphere is usually dominant.Despite being protected by the thick bones of the skull, suspended in cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the human brain is susceptible to damage and disease. The most common forms of physical damage are closed head injuries such as a blow to the head, a stroke, or poisoning by a variety of chemicals which can act as neurotoxins, such as ethanol alcohol. Infection of the brain, though serious, is rare because of the biological barriers which protect it. The human brain is also susceptible to degenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, (mostly as the result of aging) and multiple sclerosis. A number of psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia and clinical depression, are thought to be associated with brain dysfunctions, although the nature of these is not well understood. The brain can also be the site of brain tumors and these can be benign or malignant.There are some techniques for studying the brain that are used in other animals that are just not suitable for use in humans and vice versa. It is easier to obtain individual brain cells taken from other animals, for study. It is also possible to use invasive techniques in other animals such as inserting electrodes into the brain or disabling certains parts of the brain in order to examine the effects on behaviour – techniques that are not possible to be used in humans. However, only humans can respond to complex verbal instructions or be of use in the study of important brain functions such as language and other complex cognitive tasks, but studies from humans and from other animals, can be of mutual help. Medical imaging technologies such as functional neuroimaging and EEG recordings are important techniques in studying the brain. The complete functional understanding of the human brain is an ongoing challenge for neuroscience.