Human Brain Networks: Spiking Neuron Models
... electrochemical potential gradient across the cell membrane. All cells of the human body maintain an electrochemical potential gradient between the inside of the cell and the surrounding milieu. Neurons have the capacity of excitability. If stimulated beyond a threshold, then the neuron will “fire” ...
... electrochemical potential gradient across the cell membrane. All cells of the human body maintain an electrochemical potential gradient between the inside of the cell and the surrounding milieu. Neurons have the capacity of excitability. If stimulated beyond a threshold, then the neuron will “fire” ...
Optogenetic Brain Interfaces
... See http://www.ieee.org/publications standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information. ...
... See http://www.ieee.org/publications standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information. ...
Inhibitory control in high functioning autism: Decreased activation
... reduced activation in autism in posterior cingulate cortex in a spatial working memory task. Studies have also suggested that atypical preparation in motor planning tasks in autism is consistent with a disturbance of functions in the supplementary motor cortex and the anterior cingulate (Rinehart et ...
... reduced activation in autism in posterior cingulate cortex in a spatial working memory task. Studies have also suggested that atypical preparation in motor planning tasks in autism is consistent with a disturbance of functions in the supplementary motor cortex and the anterior cingulate (Rinehart et ...
A Theory of Cerebral Cortex - Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center
... knowledge and how is it acquired and stored?, and How is cortical knowledge used to carry out thinking? The theory’s explanation for another key aspect of cortical and thalamic function – the moment-by-moment selection, evaluation, and execution of the action commands that control waking brain activ ...
... knowledge and how is it acquired and stored?, and How is cortical knowledge used to carry out thinking? The theory’s explanation for another key aspect of cortical and thalamic function – the moment-by-moment selection, evaluation, and execution of the action commands that control waking brain activ ...
PDF file
... as one-to-one mapping, since many other neurons are also allowed to fire when the concept is present. However, the term “connectionist model” is misleading since it does not effectively distinguish itself from symbolic networks (SNs), especially probabilistic versions of SNs. In a probabilistic SN ( ...
... as one-to-one mapping, since many other neurons are also allowed to fire when the concept is present. However, the term “connectionist model” is misleading since it does not effectively distinguish itself from symbolic networks (SNs), especially probabilistic versions of SNs. In a probabilistic SN ( ...
An unaware agenda: interictal consciousness
... Additional evidence comes from research into the P300 complex. The P3b event, which belongs to this complex, is an event-related potential proposed to index consciousness in different populations (Bekinschtein et al., 2009; Chennu and Bekinschtein, 2012). An EEG study revealed larger P300 mean laten ...
... Additional evidence comes from research into the P300 complex. The P3b event, which belongs to this complex, is an event-related potential proposed to index consciousness in different populations (Bekinschtein et al., 2009; Chennu and Bekinschtein, 2012). An EEG study revealed larger P300 mean laten ...
Activities of the Primary and Supplementary Motor Areas Increase in
... fMRI time series data were analyzed using a general linear model (Friston et al., 1995a). The analysis was performed for each task separately on an individual subject basis. Three box-car f unctions were constructed to model premotor, motor, and postmotor phases (Fig. 2, lef t). For each f unction, ...
... fMRI time series data were analyzed using a general linear model (Friston et al., 1995a). The analysis was performed for each task separately on an individual subject basis. Three box-car f unctions were constructed to model premotor, motor, and postmotor phases (Fig. 2, lef t). For each f unction, ...
Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Neuronal Cell Death in
... We investigated the effects of a combined exposure to restraint stress and low doses of chemicals pyridostigmine bromide (PB), N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), and permethrin in adult male rats, a model of Gulf-War syndrome. Animals were exposed daily to one of the following for 28 days: (i) a combi ...
... We investigated the effects of a combined exposure to restraint stress and low doses of chemicals pyridostigmine bromide (PB), N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), and permethrin in adult male rats, a model of Gulf-War syndrome. Animals were exposed daily to one of the following for 28 days: (i) a combi ...
Randomness increases self-reported anxiety and
... only to the right side of the brain, the ‘left-brain interpreter’ creates a plausible, but false, explanation for how that information affected their behavior. Similarly, experiments have shown that people will make up sensible but demonstrably incorrect stories about how they solved intuitive probl ...
... only to the right side of the brain, the ‘left-brain interpreter’ creates a plausible, but false, explanation for how that information affected their behavior. Similarly, experiments have shown that people will make up sensible but demonstrably incorrect stories about how they solved intuitive probl ...
Basics of electromagnetic field mapping
... of the sea) which is somewhat arbitrarily defined to be zero. If we would have changed the reference level common for all our height measurements, all values would change, however, the differences among those measurements would have remain the same. This is equivalent to the observation that the sha ...
... of the sea) which is somewhat arbitrarily defined to be zero. If we would have changed the reference level common for all our height measurements, all values would change, however, the differences among those measurements would have remain the same. This is equivalent to the observation that the sha ...
article in press - Neurobiology of Vocal Communication
... is limited. In other words, electrical brain stimulation can help to delimit the neural vocalization network as a whole; it cannot identify, however, the modal points of the system, that is, the sites at which processing of vocalization takes place. A more specific approach than electrical stimulati ...
... is limited. In other words, electrical brain stimulation can help to delimit the neural vocalization network as a whole; it cannot identify, however, the modal points of the system, that is, the sites at which processing of vocalization takes place. A more specific approach than electrical stimulati ...
Monoaminergic dysfunction in recreational users of
... Finally, a Gaussian smoothing with FWHM=6 mm was applied to all volumes. Mean perfusion was calculated for the following ROIs taken from the Harvard–Oxford brain atlas provided with FSL 4.1: striatum, prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), hippocampus, thalamus and cerebellum. The ...
... Finally, a Gaussian smoothing with FWHM=6 mm was applied to all volumes. Mean perfusion was calculated for the following ROIs taken from the Harvard–Oxford brain atlas provided with FSL 4.1: striatum, prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), hippocampus, thalamus and cerebellum. The ...
Slide 1
... commands to the muscles through the motor neurons – Interneurons also make up the bulk of the neurons in the brain. These three neurons help make up the reflex arc- a fast reaction controlled in the spinal cord Psychology, Third Edition Saundra K. Ciccarelli • J. Noland White ...
... commands to the muscles through the motor neurons – Interneurons also make up the bulk of the neurons in the brain. These three neurons help make up the reflex arc- a fast reaction controlled in the spinal cord Psychology, Third Edition Saundra K. Ciccarelli • J. Noland White ...
Topographic maps in human frontal and parietal cortex
... (fMRI) responses evoked by visual stimuli has resulted in the identification of many areas in human visual cortex and a description of the organization of the visual field representation in each of these areas. These methods have recently been employed in conjunction with tasks that involve higher-o ...
... (fMRI) responses evoked by visual stimuli has resulted in the identification of many areas in human visual cortex and a description of the organization of the visual field representation in each of these areas. These methods have recently been employed in conjunction with tasks that involve higher-o ...
Motor Areas of the Medial Wall: A Review of Their Location and
... Although to date very few physiological studies have specifically investigated the cingulate motor areas, recent evidence indicates that functional differences complement the anatomical divisions. Luppino et al. (1991) described two areas of the cingulate sulcus where intracortical microstimulation ...
... Although to date very few physiological studies have specifically investigated the cingulate motor areas, recent evidence indicates that functional differences complement the anatomical divisions. Luppino et al. (1991) described two areas of the cingulate sulcus where intracortical microstimulation ...
.... _ ACKNOWLEDGMENT !_ This monograph is based on the
... times, with a 12-hour interdosing interval. There were four animals per dose group. The animals were housed individually in wire-bottom hanging cages (to prevent hyperthermia-induced mortality) and allowed food and water ad libitum, At various times after the last dose, animals were anesthetized wit ...
... times, with a 12-hour interdosing interval. There were four animals per dose group. The animals were housed individually in wire-bottom hanging cages (to prevent hyperthermia-induced mortality) and allowed food and water ad libitum, At various times after the last dose, animals were anesthetized wit ...
High-Level Perception, Representation, and
... A given set of input data may be perceived in a number of different ways, depending on the context and the state of the perceiver. Due to this flexibility, it is a mistake to regard perception as a process that associates a fixed representation with a particular situation. Both contextual factors a ...
... A given set of input data may be perceived in a number of different ways, depending on the context and the state of the perceiver. Due to this flexibility, it is a mistake to regard perception as a process that associates a fixed representation with a particular situation. Both contextual factors a ...
Are mesopontine cholinergic neurons either necessary or sufficient
... upon identified mesopontine cholinergic neurons in brain slices. Given that noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons are at their most active during waking when the EEG is desynchronized,18 it was hypothesized26 that mesopontine cholinergic neurons in vivo might be inhibited during waking and active o ...
... upon identified mesopontine cholinergic neurons in brain slices. Given that noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons are at their most active during waking when the EEG is desynchronized,18 it was hypothesized26 that mesopontine cholinergic neurons in vivo might be inhibited during waking and active o ...
autonomic nervous system
... discovering the actual genetic material responsible for the physical structure or behavior under investigation. • The researchers who study the biological basis of animal and human behavior are working in an area called behavioral neuroscience. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle ...
... discovering the actual genetic material responsible for the physical structure or behavior under investigation. • The researchers who study the biological basis of animal and human behavior are working in an area called behavioral neuroscience. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor mRNA Expression in the Brain of the Teleost
... fixative solution of 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in PBS. The brain was removed and postfixed in 4% PFA/PBS for 24 h. After postfixation, the brains for in situ hybridization were mounted in 5% agar/PBS and completely sectioned (100 m) serially in the horizontal or transverse planes with a vibrating m ...
... fixative solution of 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in PBS. The brain was removed and postfixed in 4% PFA/PBS for 24 h. After postfixation, the brains for in situ hybridization were mounted in 5% agar/PBS and completely sectioned (100 m) serially in the horizontal or transverse planes with a vibrating m ...
an integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function
... according to the shape, color, or number of symbols appearing on them and the sorting rule varies periodically. Thus, any given card can be associated with several possible actions, no single stimulus-response mapping will work, and the correct one changes and is dictated by whichever rule is curren ...
... according to the shape, color, or number of symbols appearing on them and the sorting rule varies periodically. Thus, any given card can be associated with several possible actions, no single stimulus-response mapping will work, and the correct one changes and is dictated by whichever rule is curren ...
- Wiley Online Library
... rats prenatally treated with poly(I:C) and mice prenatally treated with IL-6, however, to date, are unreported in prenatal LPS models (Zuckerman et al., 2003a; Zuckerman and Weiner, 2003; Meyer et al., 2006a; Smith et al., 2007). Recently, alterations in attentional set shifting, indicative of perse ...
... rats prenatally treated with poly(I:C) and mice prenatally treated with IL-6, however, to date, are unreported in prenatal LPS models (Zuckerman et al., 2003a; Zuckerman and Weiner, 2003; Meyer et al., 2006a; Smith et al., 2007). Recently, alterations in attentional set shifting, indicative of perse ...
Towards the utilization of EEG as a brain imaging tool
... (Luck, 2005), the increasingly common use of high-density EEG systems with more than 100 electrodes (Tucker, 1993) both in experimental and clinical settings leads to an increasing request for such spatial analysis methods for the EEG as well (Fig. 1). There are several reasons for basing analyses o ...
... (Luck, 2005), the increasingly common use of high-density EEG systems with more than 100 electrodes (Tucker, 1993) both in experimental and clinical settings leads to an increasing request for such spatial analysis methods for the EEG as well (Fig. 1). There are several reasons for basing analyses o ...
Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain
... curvature between two steps exceeded a threshold of 45 . Digital Dejerine Maps were obtained by constraining tractography in non-contiguous brain slices of 2 mm (Axial, Sagittal, Coronal). Tractography was started from 10 seed points randomly placed inside each brain voxel and for each fibre orient ...
... curvature between two steps exceeded a threshold of 45 . Digital Dejerine Maps were obtained by constraining tractography in non-contiguous brain slices of 2 mm (Axial, Sagittal, Coronal). Tractography was started from 10 seed points randomly placed inside each brain voxel and for each fibre orient ...