Words in the brain`s language
... strongly lateralized and distributed over perisylvian cortices; (2) assemblies representing highly abstract words such as grammatical function words are also strongly lateralized and restricted to these perisylvian regions; (3) assemblies representing concrete content words include additional neuron ...
... strongly lateralized and distributed over perisylvian cortices; (2) assemblies representing highly abstract words such as grammatical function words are also strongly lateralized and restricted to these perisylvian regions; (3) assemblies representing concrete content words include additional neuron ...
Neuronal Clusters in the Primate Motor Cortex during Interception of
... centroid divided by the distance between the same neuron and its next nearest centroid. Therefore, zero ambiguity indicates that a neuron is located precisely at the centroid of the current cluster, and the maximum ambiguity of one indicates that the neuron is located precisely halfway between the c ...
... centroid divided by the distance between the same neuron and its next nearest centroid. Therefore, zero ambiguity indicates that a neuron is located precisely at the centroid of the current cluster, and the maximum ambiguity of one indicates that the neuron is located precisely halfway between the c ...
Searle on Emergence
... Drawing on this assumption, it is not surprising that a similar “mechanism“ is present in the case of neurons and consciousness. Searle is well aware that we don’t know the exact conditions of emergence of consciousness; he presents the mechanism of emergence as an attempt to bridge the gap in our k ...
... Drawing on this assumption, it is not surprising that a similar “mechanism“ is present in the case of neurons and consciousness. Searle is well aware that we don’t know the exact conditions of emergence of consciousness; he presents the mechanism of emergence as an attempt to bridge the gap in our k ...
Different representations of pleasant and unpleasant odours in the
... period, the odour was rated using a button box for both pleasantness and intensity, using a visual rating scale from 2 (very pleasant/very strong) to 2 (very unpleasant/very weak). fMRI data acquisition Images were acquired with a 3.0-T VARIAN/SIEMENS whole-body scanner at FMRIB, Oxford. Local brai ...
... period, the odour was rated using a button box for both pleasantness and intensity, using a visual rating scale from 2 (very pleasant/very strong) to 2 (very unpleasant/very weak). fMRI data acquisition Images were acquired with a 3.0-T VARIAN/SIEMENS whole-body scanner at FMRIB, Oxford. Local brai ...
The role of mirror neurons in cognition
... Mirror neurons are a class of brain cells fortuitously discovered in the premotor cortex of the macaque monkey that become active during both execution and observation of the same action. This straightforward property is what enabled these neurons to conquer the fields of cognitive science and becom ...
... Mirror neurons are a class of brain cells fortuitously discovered in the premotor cortex of the macaque monkey that become active during both execution and observation of the same action. This straightforward property is what enabled these neurons to conquer the fields of cognitive science and becom ...
Responses to irrational actions in action
... Early studies reported engagement of the AON and MZN in quite different circumstances, but the extent to which the AON and MZN systems function independently and how they interact is currently debated (see Van Overwalle and Baetens (2009) for a meta-analysis). Concurrent activation of both systems i ...
... Early studies reported engagement of the AON and MZN in quite different circumstances, but the extent to which the AON and MZN systems function independently and how they interact is currently debated (see Van Overwalle and Baetens (2009) for a meta-analysis). Concurrent activation of both systems i ...
Sympathetic nervous system and inflammation: A conceptual view
... [pelvic organs], regulation of energy balance and nutrition [including the gastrointestinal tract], regulation of circadian timing of body functions, regulation of body protection [including the immune defense]). We have some knowledge about the central circuits involved in cardiovascular regulation ...
... [pelvic organs], regulation of energy balance and nutrition [including the gastrointestinal tract], regulation of circadian timing of body functions, regulation of body protection [including the immune defense]). We have some knowledge about the central circuits involved in cardiovascular regulation ...
Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Rat Parabrachial Region: Ultrastructural
... axons with TH-I were found within groups of other labeled and unlabeled axons and terminals (Figs. 2C, 4A, 5c). At least 2 types of TH-I terminals were morphologically distinguishable. These 2 types are described separately as they appear in micrographs of single sections; however, they may represen ...
... axons with TH-I were found within groups of other labeled and unlabeled axons and terminals (Figs. 2C, 4A, 5c). At least 2 types of TH-I terminals were morphologically distinguishable. These 2 types are described separately as they appear in micrographs of single sections; however, they may represen ...
PDF
... testing the relevance of RL to animal and human decision-making, neural data provide an important source of support and constraints, grounding the theory in another level of empirical support. This is especially true for a theory that makes clear predictions about learning – a fundamentally unobserv ...
... testing the relevance of RL to animal and human decision-making, neural data provide an important source of support and constraints, grounding the theory in another level of empirical support. This is especially true for a theory that makes clear predictions about learning – a fundamentally unobserv ...
Brain Stem Involvement in Immune and Aversive Challenge Jakob Paues
... destroy the aggressor and if this fails, try to limit the extent of the infection. Thus humans can have dormant tuberculosis infections that are locally controlled until the individual become weakened by disease or old age. Likewise, premalignant cells are either destroyed or forced into senescence. ...
... destroy the aggressor and if this fails, try to limit the extent of the infection. Thus humans can have dormant tuberculosis infections that are locally controlled until the individual become weakened by disease or old age. Likewise, premalignant cells are either destroyed or forced into senescence. ...
The Neurobehavioral Nature of Fishes and the
... organisms, however, we are increasingly likely to be mistaken as the neuropsychological differences between ourselves and another organisms increases. Most scientists familiar with higher nervous system functions would not attribute human mental states and experiences to an earthworm or an ameba. Ho ...
... organisms, however, we are increasingly likely to be mistaken as the neuropsychological differences between ourselves and another organisms increases. Most scientists familiar with higher nervous system functions would not attribute human mental states and experiences to an earthworm or an ameba. Ho ...
Neurophysiology of synesthesia. - Hal-CEA
... pruning model, there is thought to be increased connectivity between brain regions leading to stronger inputs in synesthetes compared with non-synesthetes, while in the disinhibited feedback models, the degree of connectivity is assumed to be identical in synesthetes and nonsynesthetes, but neural c ...
... pruning model, there is thought to be increased connectivity between brain regions leading to stronger inputs in synesthetes compared with non-synesthetes, while in the disinhibited feedback models, the degree of connectivity is assumed to be identical in synesthetes and nonsynesthetes, but neural c ...
Calcium Binding Protein-Like lmmunoreactivity Labels the Terminal
... Optiphot). Specifically, we measured the amount of time required for a constant level of exposure of photographic film having a given sensitivity (we chose ASA 12) at different spots within an immunoreactive zone in the ICC. The metering spot is designed to cover 1% of the area in view at any given ...
... Optiphot). Specifically, we measured the amount of time required for a constant level of exposure of photographic film having a given sensitivity (we chose ASA 12) at different spots within an immunoreactive zone in the ICC. The metering spot is designed to cover 1% of the area in view at any given ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
... (5HIAA)-in medial vestibular nuclei (MVN), locus coeruleus, raphe dorsalis, and cochlear nuclei. The study was conducted 6 hours after UL in both strains, differing by the functional optokinetic responses of their central vestibular neurons and the time-course of their vestibular compensation. The r ...
... (5HIAA)-in medial vestibular nuclei (MVN), locus coeruleus, raphe dorsalis, and cochlear nuclei. The study was conducted 6 hours after UL in both strains, differing by the functional optokinetic responses of their central vestibular neurons and the time-course of their vestibular compensation. The r ...
Morphine effects on monetary reward - DUO
... I would like to thank my supervisor Marie Eikemo for her support and guidance throughout the process of planning, designing and executing the study. I also thank my cosupervisor Siri Leknes for always providing feedback and input. It has been a long road to get to the end of this thesis, and it woul ...
... I would like to thank my supervisor Marie Eikemo for her support and guidance throughout the process of planning, designing and executing the study. I also thank my cosupervisor Siri Leknes for always providing feedback and input. It has been a long road to get to the end of this thesis, and it woul ...
Where is a Nose with Respect to a Foot? The Left
... real/imagined hand movement task despite being still able to perform normally on all other tasks. Thus, the coding of the spatial relations among 2 visually presented body parts can be dissociated from both the semantic knowledge about those parts as well as the coding of one’s online posture. Schwo ...
... real/imagined hand movement task despite being still able to perform normally on all other tasks. Thus, the coding of the spatial relations among 2 visually presented body parts can be dissociated from both the semantic knowledge about those parts as well as the coding of one’s online posture. Schwo ...
Stages of Sleep And Brain Mechanisms
... Why Sleep? Why REM? Why Dreams? • Sleep also plays an important role in enhancing learning and strengthening memory. – Performance on a newly learned task is often better the next day if adequate sleep is achieved during the night. • Increased brain activity occurs in the area of the brain activate ...
... Why Sleep? Why REM? Why Dreams? • Sleep also plays an important role in enhancing learning and strengthening memory. – Performance on a newly learned task is often better the next day if adequate sleep is achieved during the night. • Increased brain activity occurs in the area of the brain activate ...
Lycan Levels
... has been decomposed into relatively non-teleological chemical entities. While this example is a good illustration of homuncular functionalism, it is also supposed to be consistent with the hierarchy of levels of nature. Each of the “homunculi”— e.g., the librarian, the projector, the scanner, and th ...
... has been decomposed into relatively non-teleological chemical entities. While this example is a good illustration of homuncular functionalism, it is also supposed to be consistent with the hierarchy of levels of nature. Each of the “homunculi”— e.g., the librarian, the projector, the scanner, and th ...
Rewardcircuit - URMC - University of Rochester
... neuroimaging techniques allow better spatial and temporal resolution. These studies now demonstrate that human functional and structural imaging results map increasingly close to primate anatomy. Neuropsychopharmacology Reviews advance online publication, 7 October 2009; doi:10.1038/npp.2009.129 Key ...
... neuroimaging techniques allow better spatial and temporal resolution. These studies now demonstrate that human functional and structural imaging results map increasingly close to primate anatomy. Neuropsychopharmacology Reviews advance online publication, 7 October 2009; doi:10.1038/npp.2009.129 Key ...
Hold your horses: A dynamic computational role
... The details of the BG model are described in Frank (2005a, 2005b). In brief, the premotor cortex represents and “considers” two possible responses (R1 and R2) for each input stimulus. The BG system modulates which one of these responses is facilitated and which is suppressed by signaling Go or NoGo ...
... The details of the BG model are described in Frank (2005a, 2005b). In brief, the premotor cortex represents and “considers” two possible responses (R1 and R2) for each input stimulus. The BG system modulates which one of these responses is facilitated and which is suppressed by signaling Go or NoGo ...
Spike-timing dependent plasticity and the cognitive map
... additive STDP can be calculated using Eq. 2. The parameters A+ and A− correspond to the maximum possible change in the synaptic weight per spike pair, while τ+ and τ− denote the time constants of exponential decay for potentiation and depression increments respectively. In accordance with experiment ...
... additive STDP can be calculated using Eq. 2. The parameters A+ and A− correspond to the maximum possible change in the synaptic weight per spike pair, while τ+ and τ− denote the time constants of exponential decay for potentiation and depression increments respectively. In accordance with experiment ...
Developmental structure in brain evolution
... of body size. However, in a medium-sized brain like a cat’s, the representation of the body surface and the primary motor representation occupies less than a tenth of the surface extent of isocortex, and it is not at all clear (depending upon your model of the brain) why specialized sense organs lik ...
... of body size. However, in a medium-sized brain like a cat’s, the representation of the body surface and the primary motor representation occupies less than a tenth of the surface extent of isocortex, and it is not at all clear (depending upon your model of the brain) why specialized sense organs lik ...
Wernicke`s area homologue in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and
... the optical fractionator method (West et al. 1991). Histological processing invariably results in tissue shrinkage and other volumetric artefacts. To account for shrinkage, we calculated volumetric correction factors for each individual tissue block. Shrinkage correction, and parameters used for mea ...
... the optical fractionator method (West et al. 1991). Histological processing invariably results in tissue shrinkage and other volumetric artefacts. To account for shrinkage, we calculated volumetric correction factors for each individual tissue block. Shrinkage correction, and parameters used for mea ...
Expected Value, Reward Outcome, and
... outcome was made known. One aim was to show whether the activation in some brain areas represents both EV (the prediction of what is likely to be obtained, given the choice just made) and RM (the amount that was obtained later in the trial). Such brain areas might compute EV by weighting RM by the p ...
... outcome was made known. One aim was to show whether the activation in some brain areas represents both EV (the prediction of what is likely to be obtained, given the choice just made) and RM (the amount that was obtained later in the trial). Such brain areas might compute EV by weighting RM by the p ...
Seeing faces and objects with the “mind`s eye”
... that visual perception of famous faces activated the inferior occipital gyrus, lateral fusiform gyrus, the superior temporal sulcus (STS), and the amygdala, regions of the distributed network that mediates face perception (Haxby et al., 2000; Ishai et al., 2005; Fairhall and Ishai, 2007), whereas vi ...
... that visual perception of famous faces activated the inferior occipital gyrus, lateral fusiform gyrus, the superior temporal sulcus (STS), and the amygdala, regions of the distributed network that mediates face perception (Haxby et al., 2000; Ishai et al., 2005; Fairhall and Ishai, 2007), whereas vi ...