Reticular formation,sleep and wakefulness
... • Sleep has two major effects: at the level of the nervous system & at the level of other functional systems of the body; • The effects on the CNS are far more important; prolonged wakefulness is associated with progressive malfunction of the thought processes & can cause abnormal behavioural activi ...
... • Sleep has two major effects: at the level of the nervous system & at the level of other functional systems of the body; • The effects on the CNS are far more important; prolonged wakefulness is associated with progressive malfunction of the thought processes & can cause abnormal behavioural activi ...
Integrative actions of the reticular formation The reticular activating
... and Bowden (1949) that basal diencephalic injury produced more profound EEG sleep changes than did the cerveau isol~ preparation, in which optic and olfactory pathways could still provide afferents to the R.F •• Forbes (1949) found it difficult to assume that barbiturate anesthesia, which synchroniz ...
... and Bowden (1949) that basal diencephalic injury produced more profound EEG sleep changes than did the cerveau isol~ preparation, in which optic and olfactory pathways could still provide afferents to the R.F •• Forbes (1949) found it difficult to assume that barbiturate anesthesia, which synchroniz ...
Fading memory and kernel properties of generic cortical microcircuit
... input rates that were used more than 30 ms ago. Firing rates r(t) were randomly drawn from the uniform distribution over [0 Hz, 80 Hz] every 30 ms, and input spike trains 1 and 2 were generated for the present 30 ms time segment as independent Poisson spike trains with this firing rate r(t). This pro ...
... input rates that were used more than 30 ms ago. Firing rates r(t) were randomly drawn from the uniform distribution over [0 Hz, 80 Hz] every 30 ms, and input spike trains 1 and 2 were generated for the present 30 ms time segment as independent Poisson spike trains with this firing rate r(t). This pro ...
Negative mood-induction modulates default mode network resting
... understand the neuropathology of depression have focused on connectivity within or between brain networks that can be identified during rest for reviews see e.g.: [2,3]. The default mode network (DMN), a brain network which has well-documented associations with self-referential processing [4], rumina ...
... understand the neuropathology of depression have focused on connectivity within or between brain networks that can be identified during rest for reviews see e.g.: [2,3]. The default mode network (DMN), a brain network which has well-documented associations with self-referential processing [4], rumina ...
Words in the Brain`s Language
... those contributing to the representation of, say, an odor. Accordingly, the representation of a word would not be restricted to a small cortical locus, but would be distributed over well-defined areas, for example over Broca's, Wernicke's, and some other areas. The Hebbian model was based on three f ...
... those contributing to the representation of, say, an odor. Accordingly, the representation of a word would not be restricted to a small cortical locus, but would be distributed over well-defined areas, for example over Broca's, Wernicke's, and some other areas. The Hebbian model was based on three f ...
1 - Projeto Andar de Novo
... Objective: Radial glial cells (RG) are multipotent precursors present during SNC embryonic development and are characterized by a bipolar radial morphology, with processes that expand the whole width of the neural tube wall. After birth these cells populate the subventricular zone (SVZ), an importan ...
... Objective: Radial glial cells (RG) are multipotent precursors present during SNC embryonic development and are characterized by a bipolar radial morphology, with processes that expand the whole width of the neural tube wall. After birth these cells populate the subventricular zone (SVZ), an importan ...
High reward expectancy during methylphenidate depresses the
... Our aim was to obtain direct evidence of this relationship between tonic and phasic dopamine response in a pharmacological functional MRI (fMRI) study. Twenty healthy participants entered a double blind study and performed a gambling task (Camara et al., 2010; Gehring and Willoughby, 2010) during fM ...
... Our aim was to obtain direct evidence of this relationship between tonic and phasic dopamine response in a pharmacological functional MRI (fMRI) study. Twenty healthy participants entered a double blind study and performed a gambling task (Camara et al., 2010; Gehring and Willoughby, 2010) during fM ...
view pdf - Columbia University
... of the middle meningeal artery separate immediately upon issuing from the foramen spinosum, with the anterior division of the posterior ramus appearing to be the larger. The anterior and posterior branches of the anterior ramus divide approximately at the sylvian region, suggesting a pattern most li ...
... of the middle meningeal artery separate immediately upon issuing from the foramen spinosum, with the anterior division of the posterior ramus appearing to be the larger. The anterior and posterior branches of the anterior ramus divide approximately at the sylvian region, suggesting a pattern most li ...
How microglia kill neurons
... the finding that ‘resting’ microglia in the healthy brain have highly mobile and active processes, and that they have a variety of physiological activities such as synaptic pruning (Paolicelli et al., 2011). However, this is not a criticism of the classification system, but rather that the name used i ...
... the finding that ‘resting’ microglia in the healthy brain have highly mobile and active processes, and that they have a variety of physiological activities such as synaptic pruning (Paolicelli et al., 2011). However, this is not a criticism of the classification system, but rather that the name used i ...
Reflecting on the debate
... symbolism that dominated the more philosophically oriented cognitive scientists in the 1970s and 1980s (Fodor 1983; Pylyshyn 1986; see Shapiro, Chapter 4, this volume, for a review) and from those building computational symbolic models during the same period (Anderson 1983; Card et al. 1983; Kosslyn ...
... symbolism that dominated the more philosophically oriented cognitive scientists in the 1970s and 1980s (Fodor 1983; Pylyshyn 1986; see Shapiro, Chapter 4, this volume, for a review) and from those building computational symbolic models during the same period (Anderson 1983; Card et al. 1983; Kosslyn ...
Omega–6/Omega–3 Ratio and Brain-Related Functions - Direct-MS
... Considering that steroids are derivatives of cholesterol, it is of great interest to find that various fatty acids have differential effects on cholesterol metabolism. Many reliable studies confirm that the administration of omega–6 fatty acids reduces the level of cholesterol in the blood. However, ...
... Considering that steroids are derivatives of cholesterol, it is of great interest to find that various fatty acids have differential effects on cholesterol metabolism. Many reliable studies confirm that the administration of omega–6 fatty acids reduces the level of cholesterol in the blood. However, ...
Experimental Brain Research 221(1)
... postcentral gyrus, PCu precuneus, Cu cuneus (see text for details) ...
... postcentral gyrus, PCu precuneus, Cu cuneus (see text for details) ...
Cetacean Brain Evolution: Dwarf Sperm Whale (Kogia sima) and
... whales. Ontogenetic investigations [Oelschläger and Kemp, 1998] revealed that the giant sperm whale brain, in principle, develops as in other toothed whales [Buhl and Oelschläger, 1988; Wanke, 1990; Holzmann, 1991]. This is also shown in reduction tendencies: Thus the rostral part of the olfactory s ...
... whales. Ontogenetic investigations [Oelschläger and Kemp, 1998] revealed that the giant sperm whale brain, in principle, develops as in other toothed whales [Buhl and Oelschläger, 1988; Wanke, 1990; Holzmann, 1991]. This is also shown in reduction tendencies: Thus the rostral part of the olfactory s ...
The cortical visual area V6: brain location and visual topography
... Figure 5 shows the cortical regions where V6 cells were recorded from a typical case (16R). V6 cells were found in the medial surface of the hemisphere (Fig. 5A), in the anterior bank and fundus of POS (Fig. 5B±D), in the lateral part of the posterior bank of POS (Fig. 5D and E), and in the dorsal w ...
... Figure 5 shows the cortical regions where V6 cells were recorded from a typical case (16R). V6 cells were found in the medial surface of the hemisphere (Fig. 5A), in the anterior bank and fundus of POS (Fig. 5B±D), in the lateral part of the posterior bank of POS (Fig. 5D and E), and in the dorsal w ...
Mirror Neurons: Findings and Functions
... indirectly neuronal activity in very specific areas. Of course, findings from fMRI and EEG should be interpreted with caution, since there is no direct evidence that the measured activity really stems from the exact same type of MNs as the ones identified in monkeys with single cell recordings. We c ...
... indirectly neuronal activity in very specific areas. Of course, findings from fMRI and EEG should be interpreted with caution, since there is no direct evidence that the measured activity really stems from the exact same type of MNs as the ones identified in monkeys with single cell recordings. We c ...
Grasping the Intentions of Others with One`s Own Mirror Neuron
... in largely similar cortical areas, with the notable exceptions of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) region and inferior parietal lobule. The STS region is known to respond to biological motion [28,29], and the absence of the grasping action in the Context condition explains the lack of increased si ...
... in largely similar cortical areas, with the notable exceptions of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) region and inferior parietal lobule. The STS region is known to respond to biological motion [28,29], and the absence of the grasping action in the Context condition explains the lack of increased si ...
Executive function and PTSD: Disengaging from trauma Robin L. Aupperle
... re-experiencing and hyperarousal symptoms. However, it is difficult to determine the directionality of this effect, given these studies rely primarily on cross-sectional designs. Heightened arousal and re-experiencing symptoms could create more distracters when an individual is attempting to concentr ...
... re-experiencing and hyperarousal symptoms. However, it is difficult to determine the directionality of this effect, given these studies rely primarily on cross-sectional designs. Heightened arousal and re-experiencing symptoms could create more distracters when an individual is attempting to concentr ...
MATERNAL BEHAVIOUR IN LACTATING RATS STIMULATES c
... behaviour that included milk letdown. Both groups of dams had a similar number of 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylaseimmunoreactive cells in each site, although the number of 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive cells per microscopic ®eld was signi®cantly greater in the caudal ve ...
... behaviour that included milk letdown. Both groups of dams had a similar number of 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylaseimmunoreactive cells in each site, although the number of 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive cells per microscopic ®eld was signi®cantly greater in the caudal ve ...
The role of brain in the regulation of glucose homeostasis
... Correspondence to: John A Lyngdoh, E-mail: [email protected] ...
... Correspondence to: John A Lyngdoh, E-mail: [email protected] ...
Frontal lobe dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
... atrophy or ventricular dilation, which may have affected the stereotactic normalization of the PET scans (see below). MRI images were acquired using a Picker 1.0 Tesla HPQ Vista MRI system. The scans consisted of a T r weighted 3D RF spoiled scan (TR = 21, TE = 6, flip angle 35%). The CT scans consi ...
... atrophy or ventricular dilation, which may have affected the stereotactic normalization of the PET scans (see below). MRI images were acquired using a Picker 1.0 Tesla HPQ Vista MRI system. The scans consisted of a T r weighted 3D RF spoiled scan (TR = 21, TE = 6, flip angle 35%). The CT scans consi ...
On the Biological Plausibility of Grandmother Cells
... schemes. But, I do intend to show that there is no reason to prefer distributed over localist representations on the basis of their relative biological plausibility. Indeed, I argue that the distributed representations learned in PDP models are often inconsistent with much of the relevant neuroscien ...
... schemes. But, I do intend to show that there is no reason to prefer distributed over localist representations on the basis of their relative biological plausibility. Indeed, I argue that the distributed representations learned in PDP models are often inconsistent with much of the relevant neuroscien ...
Open interconnected model of basal ganglia
... of the different basal ganglia-related disorders that can be attributed to dysfunction of individual circuits, and moreover, to specific alterations in components within each circuit. For example, Penney and Young1,15,16 described how alterations at different levels of the motor circuit can lead to ...
... of the different basal ganglia-related disorders that can be attributed to dysfunction of individual circuits, and moreover, to specific alterations in components within each circuit. For example, Penney and Young1,15,16 described how alterations at different levels of the motor circuit can lead to ...
Enhanced Perceptual Functioning in Autism
... reproduction, memory, categorization and discrimination) characterizing a level of processing called perception for non-autistics. Third, we had been influenced by Minshew’s (Minshew & Goldstein, 1993; Minshew, Goldstein, & Siegel, 1995, 1997) proposition that complexity may represent a way to accoun ...
... reproduction, memory, categorization and discrimination) characterizing a level of processing called perception for non-autistics. Third, we had been influenced by Minshew’s (Minshew & Goldstein, 1993; Minshew, Goldstein, & Siegel, 1995, 1997) proposition that complexity may represent a way to accoun ...
Human Brain Networks: Spiking Neuron Models
... electrochemical potential gradient across the cell membrane. All cells of the human body maintain an electrochemical potential gradient between the inside of the cell and the surrounding milieu. Neurons have the capacity of excitability. If stimulated beyond a threshold, then the neuron will “fire” ...
... electrochemical potential gradient across the cell membrane. All cells of the human body maintain an electrochemical potential gradient between the inside of the cell and the surrounding milieu. Neurons have the capacity of excitability. If stimulated beyond a threshold, then the neuron will “fire” ...