Morphine effects on monetary reward - DUO
... reward. Brain regions implicated in reward processing such as the mesolimbic reward system are rich in µ-opioid receptors. We investigated the role of the µ-opioid receptor system in human reward processing using systemic manipulation with a µ-opioid receptor agonist (morphine). In a functional magn ...
... reward. Brain regions implicated in reward processing such as the mesolimbic reward system are rich in µ-opioid receptors. We investigated the role of the µ-opioid receptor system in human reward processing using systemic manipulation with a µ-opioid receptor agonist (morphine). In a functional magn ...
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... data from different studies point to ADHD abnormalities in fronto-striatal circuits. Structural neuroimaging studies partially support fronto-striatal abnormalities and suggest an important role of the cerebellum. However, nearly all these studies are based on the analysis of apriori selected region ...
... data from different studies point to ADHD abnormalities in fronto-striatal circuits. Structural neuroimaging studies partially support fronto-striatal abnormalities and suggest an important role of the cerebellum. However, nearly all these studies are based on the analysis of apriori selected region ...
Coordinated Optimization of Visual Cortical Maps
... perturbative treatment close to the pattern forming threshold. This perturbative treatment, however, gives no information on the speed with which singularities will crystallize into highly ordered arrays. It is conceivable that this process may occur on very long timescales. If this was the case, de ...
... perturbative treatment close to the pattern forming threshold. This perturbative treatment, however, gives no information on the speed with which singularities will crystallize into highly ordered arrays. It is conceivable that this process may occur on very long timescales. If this was the case, de ...
Transgenic Mice for Intersectional Targeting of Neural Sensors and
... fluorescent proteins, genetically encoded calcium, voltage, or glutamate indicators, and optogenetic effectors, all at substantially higher levels than before. High functionality was shown in example mouse lines for GCaMP6, YCX2.60, VSFP Butterfly 1.2, and Jaws. These novel transgenic lines greatly ...
... fluorescent proteins, genetically encoded calcium, voltage, or glutamate indicators, and optogenetic effectors, all at substantially higher levels than before. High functionality was shown in example mouse lines for GCaMP6, YCX2.60, VSFP Butterfly 1.2, and Jaws. These novel transgenic lines greatly ...
Analysis of Connectivity in the Cat Cerebral Cortex
... For this reason, we parcelled this region into medial and lateral parts rather than into strict cytoarchitectonic regions. Areas in this scheme are not necessarily discrete physiological entities. For example, Sherk (1986) and Grant and Shipp (1991) consider that PMLS and at least parts of VLS and A ...
... For this reason, we parcelled this region into medial and lateral parts rather than into strict cytoarchitectonic regions. Areas in this scheme are not necessarily discrete physiological entities. For example, Sherk (1986) and Grant and Shipp (1991) consider that PMLS and at least parts of VLS and A ...
Predictions not commands: active inference in the motor system
... clearly consistent with the tenets of predictive coding. Another potential mechanism for the suppression of prediction error is an inhibitory action of layer 1 activation on layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons (Shlosberg et al. 2006). Additional findings from non-invasive human studies suggest that top-down ...
... clearly consistent with the tenets of predictive coding. Another potential mechanism for the suppression of prediction error is an inhibitory action of layer 1 activation on layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons (Shlosberg et al. 2006). Additional findings from non-invasive human studies suggest that top-down ...
Neurophysiology of synesthesia. - Hal-CEA
... pruning model, there is thought to be increased connectivity between brain regions leading to stronger inputs in synesthetes compared with non-synesthetes, while in the disinhibited feedback models, the degree of connectivity is assumed to be identical in synesthetes and nonsynesthetes, but neural c ...
... pruning model, there is thought to be increased connectivity between brain regions leading to stronger inputs in synesthetes compared with non-synesthetes, while in the disinhibited feedback models, the degree of connectivity is assumed to be identical in synesthetes and nonsynesthetes, but neural c ...
Section and Senior Editor - HAL
... Indeed, since von Economo (1926) initially identified a lethargy in patients suffering from inflammatory lesions within the posterior hypothalamus, somnolence, hypersomnia, narcolepsy or coma has been repeatedly reported following lesions/inactivation of this region in several mammalian species (rev ...
... Indeed, since von Economo (1926) initially identified a lethargy in patients suffering from inflammatory lesions within the posterior hypothalamus, somnolence, hypersomnia, narcolepsy or coma has been repeatedly reported following lesions/inactivation of this region in several mammalian species (rev ...
Dendritic Spine Density Varies Between Unisensory
... (Purpura 1974). Studies have shown decreases in spine density in neocortical pyramidal neurons in patients with schizophrenia. One study of schizophrenics found 59 and 66% decreases in spine density in temporal and frontal cortical regions, respectively (Garey et al 1998). Another study (Glantz et ...
... (Purpura 1974). Studies have shown decreases in spine density in neocortical pyramidal neurons in patients with schizophrenia. One study of schizophrenics found 59 and 66% decreases in spine density in temporal and frontal cortical regions, respectively (Garey et al 1998). Another study (Glantz et ...
Link
... resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio for this small and deeply located subcortical brain region. However, there are several studies that investigated the sensitivity of the SC to visual stimulation in the absence of eye movements [37–42]. In line with animal research, these studies showed that t ...
... resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio for this small and deeply located subcortical brain region. However, there are several studies that investigated the sensitivity of the SC to visual stimulation in the absence of eye movements [37–42]. In line with animal research, these studies showed that t ...
Cerebral amyloidosis, amyloid angiopathy, and their relationship to
... intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and reactive gliosis, and the loss of presynaptic terminals and neuronal subpopulations in well defined brain areas. At autopsy, senile plaques and NFT chiefly define the disease whereas other pathological features are often ignored or regarded as coincide ...
... intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and reactive gliosis, and the loss of presynaptic terminals and neuronal subpopulations in well defined brain areas. At autopsy, senile plaques and NFT chiefly define the disease whereas other pathological features are often ignored or regarded as coincide ...
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... LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.2.01 - Define what a neuron is, identify the parts of the neuron, and explain how neurons communicate with each other. KEYWORDS: Define/Describe 15. Regarding the nervous system, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Nerves are not the same as neurons and ...
... LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.2.01 - Define what a neuron is, identify the parts of the neuron, and explain how neurons communicate with each other. KEYWORDS: Define/Describe 15. Regarding the nervous system, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Nerves are not the same as neurons and ...
Dynamic shaping of dopamine signals during probabilistic
... is well correlated with reward-prediction errors from formal reinforcement learning models, which feature teaching signals in the form of discrepancies between actual and expected reward outcomes. Additionally, in learning tasks where conditioned cues probabilistically predict rewards, dopamine neur ...
... is well correlated with reward-prediction errors from formal reinforcement learning models, which feature teaching signals in the form of discrepancies between actual and expected reward outcomes. Additionally, in learning tasks where conditioned cues probabilistically predict rewards, dopamine neur ...
(X) rotin - University of Toronto
... behind their wild-type and Ptprs+/– counterparts. Histologic analysis suggested the decreased velocities were, in part, secondary to developmental delay. Electron microscopy and morphometric analysis revealed a significantly increased proportion of slowly conducting, small-diameter myelinated fibres ...
... behind their wild-type and Ptprs+/– counterparts. Histologic analysis suggested the decreased velocities were, in part, secondary to developmental delay. Electron microscopy and morphometric analysis revealed a significantly increased proportion of slowly conducting, small-diameter myelinated fibres ...
Paying attention to consciousness - What is Neuro
... The paper starts with a brief survey of the nature of attention. I then briefly review engineering control, and more specific motor control concepts, in Section 3. A general control model for sensory attention is developed in Section 4, including simple simulations which support the presence of cert ...
... The paper starts with a brief survey of the nature of attention. I then briefly review engineering control, and more specific motor control concepts, in Section 3. A general control model for sensory attention is developed in Section 4, including simple simulations which support the presence of cert ...
Movement Disorders Following Cerebrovascular Lesion in the Basal
... The basal ganglia comprise the principal subcortical component of the circuits that link the cerebral cortex and the thalamus. The basal ganglia comprise four deep nuclei: 1) The putamen, which is the source of input to the basal ganglia, receives input from fibers emanating from the motor cortex. 2 ...
... The basal ganglia comprise the principal subcortical component of the circuits that link the cerebral cortex and the thalamus. The basal ganglia comprise four deep nuclei: 1) The putamen, which is the source of input to the basal ganglia, receives input from fibers emanating from the motor cortex. 2 ...
the distribution of the cells of origin of callosal projections in cat
... cortex (Palmer et al., 1978) and of areas 20 and 21 (Heath and Jones, 1971; Tusa and Palmer, 1980). This is unfortunate since, in behavioral experiments, Berlucchi et al. (1979) showed that the callosal connections of the cat’s suprasylvian cortex (including the lateral suprasylvian visual areas and ...
... cortex (Palmer et al., 1978) and of areas 20 and 21 (Heath and Jones, 1971; Tusa and Palmer, 1980). This is unfortunate since, in behavioral experiments, Berlucchi et al. (1979) showed that the callosal connections of the cat’s suprasylvian cortex (including the lateral suprasylvian visual areas and ...
Okamoto Devel Neurbiol Review
... into dHb and vHb based on differences in cytoarchitecture (Braford and Northcutt, 1983; Kemali and Làzàr, 1985). The zebrafish dHb projects to the IPN (Aizawa et al., 2005; Gamse et al., 2005) and is thus analogous to the medial habenula of mammals [Fig. 3(A,B)]. Axonal tracing in live and fixed fish ...
... into dHb and vHb based on differences in cytoarchitecture (Braford and Northcutt, 1983; Kemali and Làzàr, 1985). The zebrafish dHb projects to the IPN (Aizawa et al., 2005; Gamse et al., 2005) and is thus analogous to the medial habenula of mammals [Fig. 3(A,B)]. Axonal tracing in live and fixed fish ...
Estrogenic influences in pain processing Linköping University Post Print
... such that it takes minutes to hours before an increase in protein synthesis can be observed. In contrast with this, it takes only a few seconds for estrogens to alter the electrical activity of preoptic neurons (Kelly et al., 1976) and to increase cAMP in the uterus (Szego and Davis, 1967), a time i ...
... such that it takes minutes to hours before an increase in protein synthesis can be observed. In contrast with this, it takes only a few seconds for estrogens to alter the electrical activity of preoptic neurons (Kelly et al., 1976) and to increase cAMP in the uterus (Szego and Davis, 1967), a time i ...
Differential Impairment of Individuated Finger Movements in
... Fries and colleagues used a standardized clinical test of arm function (Fries et al. 1993), which provided a global score of arm and hand function but could not provide quantitative information about the fingers (Lincoln and Leadbitter 1979). Here, we used kinematic analyses to quantify the independ ...
... Fries and colleagues used a standardized clinical test of arm function (Fries et al. 1993), which provided a global score of arm and hand function but could not provide quantitative information about the fingers (Lincoln and Leadbitter 1979). Here, we used kinematic analyses to quantify the independ ...
The Journal of Neuroscience http://jneurosci.msubmit.net Ana
... showed a similar CA3 apical dendritic remodeling in response to 3 weeks of CRS to that previously described for rats. Haploinsufficient BDNF mice (BDNF+/-) did not show such remodeling, but, even without CRS, they presented shorter and simplified CA3 apical dendritic arbors, like those observed in s ...
... showed a similar CA3 apical dendritic remodeling in response to 3 weeks of CRS to that previously described for rats. Haploinsufficient BDNF mice (BDNF+/-) did not show such remodeling, but, even without CRS, they presented shorter and simplified CA3 apical dendritic arbors, like those observed in s ...
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... A) The nervous system depends on a balance between neural excitation and inhibition to function effectively. B) Excitatory effects make an action potential more likely to occur, whereas inhibitory effects make action potentials less likely to occur. C) All neurotransmitters have both excitatory and ...
... A) The nervous system depends on a balance between neural excitation and inhibition to function effectively. B) Excitatory effects make an action potential more likely to occur, whereas inhibitory effects make action potentials less likely to occur. C) All neurotransmitters have both excitatory and ...
Electrical Stimulation of the Horizontal Limb of the Diagonal Band
... odors (Hunter and Murray 1989), and odor-based social recognition (Perio et al. 1989; Soffie and Lambert 1988). Lesions of the cholinergic and GABAergic inputs from the basal forebrain have also been shown to influence olfactory habituation and investigation (Paolini and McKenzie 1993, 1996). Comput ...
... odors (Hunter and Murray 1989), and odor-based social recognition (Perio et al. 1989; Soffie and Lambert 1988). Lesions of the cholinergic and GABAergic inputs from the basal forebrain have also been shown to influence olfactory habituation and investigation (Paolini and McKenzie 1993, 1996). Comput ...
