07.11 - UCSD Cognitive Science
... number of technical limitations. Chief among these is the multisynaptic nature of these pathways and the general inability of conventional tracers to label more than the direct inputs and outputs of an area. To overcome this and other problems, we have used a new approach, retrograde transneuronal t ...
... number of technical limitations. Chief among these is the multisynaptic nature of these pathways and the general inability of conventional tracers to label more than the direct inputs and outputs of an area. To overcome this and other problems, we have used a new approach, retrograde transneuronal t ...
Statistics and geometry of orientation selectivity in primary visual
... thalamus to cortex, in addition to the mosaic of ON and OFF center retinal ganglion cells on the retina, could explain the emergence of simple cell-like receptive fields. There are, however, problems with this model. One problem is that the number of LGN neurons converging to a V1 cell in the model ...
... thalamus to cortex, in addition to the mosaic of ON and OFF center retinal ganglion cells on the retina, could explain the emergence of simple cell-like receptive fields. There are, however, problems with this model. One problem is that the number of LGN neurons converging to a V1 cell in the model ...
PATHWAYS FOR EMOTION : INTERACTIONS OF PREFRONTAL AND THE RHESUS MONKEY
... nucleus (PA, case AX; Table 1), which are associated with autonomic functions (for reviews see Saper, 1990; Loewy, 1991). The needle was lowered to a selected cortical site under microscopic inspection. For cortical injections, small amounts of the injectate (0.05^0.1 Wl, 8% HRP-WGA; 0.4 Wl, 3% FB; ...
... nucleus (PA, case AX; Table 1), which are associated with autonomic functions (for reviews see Saper, 1990; Loewy, 1991). The needle was lowered to a selected cortical site under microscopic inspection. For cortical injections, small amounts of the injectate (0.05^0.1 Wl, 8% HRP-WGA; 0.4 Wl, 3% FB; ...
The precision of value-based choices depends causally on
... choice alternatives3,4, compute and compare the values for the different options based on sensory and mnemonic information3–5 and adequately map these value computations to the appropriate actions6. Candidate brain areas that assign and compare values include the medial–prefrontal and parietal corte ...
... choice alternatives3,4, compute and compare the values for the different options based on sensory and mnemonic information3–5 and adequately map these value computations to the appropriate actions6. Candidate brain areas that assign and compare values include the medial–prefrontal and parietal corte ...
Human brainstem preganglionic parasympathetic
... obex, only a few large NOS-positive neurons were found medial to the nucleus tractus solitarius (Fig. 1H). Most medium-sized NOS-positive neurons had spindleshaped or ovoid perikarya with two prominent dendrites emanating from the long ends of the cell body (Fig. 2A-D, G and H). Those NOS-positive n ...
... obex, only a few large NOS-positive neurons were found medial to the nucleus tractus solitarius (Fig. 1H). Most medium-sized NOS-positive neurons had spindleshaped or ovoid perikarya with two prominent dendrites emanating from the long ends of the cell body (Fig. 2A-D, G and H). Those NOS-positive n ...
PDF - Folia Biologica
... thinking, planning and other cognitive functions that significantly differentiate human beings from other mammals. Mammalian neocortex consists of a plethora of neuronal types, each exhibiting specific structural, molecular and functional features (Ramón y Cajal, ...
... thinking, planning and other cognitive functions that significantly differentiate human beings from other mammals. Mammalian neocortex consists of a plethora of neuronal types, each exhibiting specific structural, molecular and functional features (Ramón y Cajal, ...
Words in the brain`s language
... that is, in distant cortical areas (Young et al. 1995). It is clear from neuroanatomical studies, however, that most cortical pyramidal cells have long axons reaching distant areas or subcortical structures, and that connections from one area project to several other areas. In the Macaca, for exampl ...
... that is, in distant cortical areas (Young et al. 1995). It is clear from neuroanatomical studies, however, that most cortical pyramidal cells have long axons reaching distant areas or subcortical structures, and that connections from one area project to several other areas. In the Macaca, for exampl ...
Cortical areas are linked through pathways which originate and
... relationship of structure to connectional patterns. Structural analysis as defined in this study classifies areas into a few cortical types, determined by the number of identifiable layers in each area and by how distinct the layers are from each other. By contrast, cytoarchitectonic analysis is a m ...
... relationship of structure to connectional patterns. Structural analysis as defined in this study classifies areas into a few cortical types, determined by the number of identifiable layers in each area and by how distinct the layers are from each other. By contrast, cytoarchitectonic analysis is a m ...
Specificity and Plasticity of Thalamocortical Connections in Sema6A
... telencephalon largely determines their final targeting within the cortex [16–20]. For example, in mutants in the transcription factor Ebf1 or in the Dlx1/Dlx2 double mutants, a subset of thalamic axons is misrouted ventrally, resulting in a caudal shift of the remaining axons within the ventral telen ...
... telencephalon largely determines their final targeting within the cortex [16–20]. For example, in mutants in the transcription factor Ebf1 or in the Dlx1/Dlx2 double mutants, a subset of thalamic axons is misrouted ventrally, resulting in a caudal shift of the remaining axons within the ventral telen ...
f729d19364fe6b8
... Most of them cross the midline to form the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) of the opposite side & end in the cerebellum. III- Pontine nuclei (Nuclei pontis): group of small cells, their axons form transverse fibers to form (second order neuron in Cortico-Ponto-Cerebellar pathway. ...
... Most of them cross the midline to form the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) of the opposite side & end in the cerebellum. III- Pontine nuclei (Nuclei pontis): group of small cells, their axons form transverse fibers to form (second order neuron in Cortico-Ponto-Cerebellar pathway. ...
Developing Standardized Behavioral Tests for
... In many genetically altered mice, the most noticeable difference between the transgenic mouse and its background strain is a change in behavior. As indicated by Nelson and Young (1998, p. 453), however, "correlations among behavioral assessments of knockouts are difficult to make because no standard ...
... In many genetically altered mice, the most noticeable difference between the transgenic mouse and its background strain is a change in behavior. As indicated by Nelson and Young (1998, p. 453), however, "correlations among behavioral assessments of knockouts are difficult to make because no standard ...
The Auditory System
... nerve and terminate in the cochlear nuclei. The principal auditory pathway passes from the cochlea, via the cochlear nuclei, the inferior colliculus and the medial geniculate body (MGB) to the contralateral auditory cortex on the dorsal surface of the superior temporal gyrus. Each MGB is bilaterally ...
... nerve and terminate in the cochlear nuclei. The principal auditory pathway passes from the cochlea, via the cochlear nuclei, the inferior colliculus and the medial geniculate body (MGB) to the contralateral auditory cortex on the dorsal surface of the superior temporal gyrus. Each MGB is bilaterally ...
Paper
... intracortical injections into the frontal pole (area 10), and in dorsal (area 9), and ventral lateral (area 12) regions of the rostral prefrontal cortex in the tufted capuchin monkey (Cebus apella). The resulting pattern of labeled cells was assessed in relation to the three-dimensional geometry of ...
... intracortical injections into the frontal pole (area 10), and in dorsal (area 9), and ventral lateral (area 12) regions of the rostral prefrontal cortex in the tufted capuchin monkey (Cebus apella). The resulting pattern of labeled cells was assessed in relation to the three-dimensional geometry of ...
Loreta Medina and Luis Puelles
... * Wulst (dorsomedial part of the pallium) - W Hyperstriatum accesorium Hyperstriatum dorsale Hyperstriatum intercalatus superior Interstitial nucleus of HA (Karten et al., 1973) Hyperstriatum laterale (Shimizu and Karten, 1990) ...
... * Wulst (dorsomedial part of the pallium) - W Hyperstriatum accesorium Hyperstriatum dorsale Hyperstriatum intercalatus superior Interstitial nucleus of HA (Karten et al., 1973) Hyperstriatum laterale (Shimizu and Karten, 1990) ...
thyroid hormones in brain development and
... from early development, and mediate overlapping actions on gene expression. However there are also TR-subtype specific actions. Dio3 for example is induced by T3 specifically through TRα1. In vivo T3 regulates gene expression during development from fetal stages, and in adult animals. A large number ...
... from early development, and mediate overlapping actions on gene expression. However there are also TR-subtype specific actions. Dio3 for example is induced by T3 specifically through TRα1. In vivo T3 regulates gene expression during development from fetal stages, and in adult animals. A large number ...
VIP in Neurological Diseases: More Than A Neuropeptide
... CNS can develop an immune response, limited by the BBB (which difficult the entry of immune cells, pathogens and macromolecules), and regulated by the activation of astrocytes and microglia. Under normal conditions, microglia, which are ontogenetic representatives of peripheral macrophages, are invo ...
... CNS can develop an immune response, limited by the BBB (which difficult the entry of immune cells, pathogens and macromolecules), and regulated by the activation of astrocytes and microglia. Under normal conditions, microglia, which are ontogenetic representatives of peripheral macrophages, are invo ...
Learning of Sequences of Finger Movements and Timing: Frontal
... Our aim was to investigate the difference in brain activation between the three learning conditions (FINGER, TIMING, and COMBINED) and the control condition (RANDOM). However, in a behavioral pilot experiment, we found that learning a FINGER sequence hindered learning a COMBINED sequence when the tw ...
... Our aim was to investigate the difference in brain activation between the three learning conditions (FINGER, TIMING, and COMBINED) and the control condition (RANDOM). However, in a behavioral pilot experiment, we found that learning a FINGER sequence hindered learning a COMBINED sequence when the tw ...
Prosjektoppgave - Mirror neurons_ver4.2
... that if the observation of the experimenter's actions would trigger some comparable movement in the monkey's F5 region, it should also activate the neurons in the F1 region that control them. None of the neurons showed any activity during the observation phase (3). Furthermore, because the monkey wo ...
... that if the observation of the experimenter's actions would trigger some comparable movement in the monkey's F5 region, it should also activate the neurons in the F1 region that control them. None of the neurons showed any activity during the observation phase (3). Furthermore, because the monkey wo ...
Serotonin Modulates Developmental Microglia
... was much weaker (confirmed by qPCR, data not shown). Other 5-HT receptor expression could easily be detected in whole hippocampus both at P0 and P30, but not in microglia in contrast to Htr2B mRNA (Fig. 1A). Since commercially available 5-HT2B receptor antibodies are not specific for mouse receptor, ...
... was much weaker (confirmed by qPCR, data not shown). Other 5-HT receptor expression could easily be detected in whole hippocampus both at P0 and P30, but not in microglia in contrast to Htr2B mRNA (Fig. 1A). Since commercially available 5-HT2B receptor antibodies are not specific for mouse receptor, ...
Tang et al - Pro Aid Autisme
... spines peaks in early childhood and is followed by a steep decline during late childhood and adolescence to adult levels (Penzes et al., 2011), a process that provides selection and maturation of synapses and neural circuits. While ASDs exhibit striking genetic and clinical heterogeneity, multiple A ...
... spines peaks in early childhood and is followed by a steep decline during late childhood and adolescence to adult levels (Penzes et al., 2011), a process that provides selection and maturation of synapses and neural circuits. While ASDs exhibit striking genetic and clinical heterogeneity, multiple A ...
Expression of AMPA/kainate receptors during development of chick
... against the subunits GluR1, GluR2/3, GluR4 and GluR6/7 (Fig. 4). It is observed that the GluR1 immunoreactivity increased in cultures from a value of 2.7% at 5 h in vitro (% of relative expression of total of 5 ages studied, for each PVDF membrane analysed) to a value of 47.4% at 7 DIV (Fig. 4B), an ...
... against the subunits GluR1, GluR2/3, GluR4 and GluR6/7 (Fig. 4). It is observed that the GluR1 immunoreactivity increased in cultures from a value of 2.7% at 5 h in vitro (% of relative expression of total of 5 ages studied, for each PVDF membrane analysed) to a value of 47.4% at 7 DIV (Fig. 4B), an ...
Disruption of experience-dependent synaptic modifications in striate
... development. Accordingly, these properties may be modified by experimental manipulations of the visual environment during a postnatal period, which, in the cat, extends from 3 weeks to 3 months of age (Hubel and Wiesel, 1970). For example, prolonged deprivation of visual patterns during the sensitiv ...
... development. Accordingly, these properties may be modified by experimental manipulations of the visual environment during a postnatal period, which, in the cat, extends from 3 weeks to 3 months of age (Hubel and Wiesel, 1970). For example, prolonged deprivation of visual patterns during the sensitiv ...
- Northumbria Research Link
... described in terms of rhythmic activity which can be divided into ‘bands’ based on the frequency of the signal. The exquisite sensitivity of EEG to changes in mental activity was first recognised in 1929 when Berger (38) reported a decrease in the amplitude of the alpha rhythm during mental arithmet ...
... described in terms of rhythmic activity which can be divided into ‘bands’ based on the frequency of the signal. The exquisite sensitivity of EEG to changes in mental activity was first recognised in 1929 when Berger (38) reported a decrease in the amplitude of the alpha rhythm during mental arithmet ...
189084_189084 - espace@Curtin
... seven subregions of A10. The main dopamine cell groups in the mouse brain are similar in terms of diversity to those observed in rats and humans. These findings are relevant to models using mice to analyse the selective vulnerability of different types of dopamine neurons. Keywords A8 · A9 · A10 · R ...
... seven subregions of A10. The main dopamine cell groups in the mouse brain are similar in terms of diversity to those observed in rats and humans. These findings are relevant to models using mice to analyse the selective vulnerability of different types of dopamine neurons. Keywords A8 · A9 · A10 · R ...