Brain mechanisms for switching from automatic to controlled eye
... from the cortical eye fields to the superior colliculus. The Nogo action requires a powerful inhibition, which we assigned to the inhibition from the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). The pre-SMA, among other frontal cortical area, is known to project to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) (Inase et ...
... from the cortical eye fields to the superior colliculus. The Nogo action requires a powerful inhibition, which we assigned to the inhibition from the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). The pre-SMA, among other frontal cortical area, is known to project to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) (Inase et ...
08. pons + midbrain
... -Their ascending fibres to forebrain are involved in neural mechanisms regulating sleep. -Descending fibres to the spinal cord are involved in modulation of nociceptive mechanisms. Locus coeruleus : is a group of pigmented ...
... -Their ascending fibres to forebrain are involved in neural mechanisms regulating sleep. -Descending fibres to the spinal cord are involved in modulation of nociceptive mechanisms. Locus coeruleus : is a group of pigmented ...
神经系统传导通路
... •Visual conductive pathway and pupillary light reflex conductive pathway •Auditory conductive pathway •Conductive pathway of equilibratory sensation ...
... •Visual conductive pathway and pupillary light reflex conductive pathway •Auditory conductive pathway •Conductive pathway of equilibratory sensation ...
Last Lecture http://www.umich.edu/~psycours/345/
... to left hemisphere Temporal hemiretina- LVFprojects to right hemisphere ...
... to left hemisphere Temporal hemiretina- LVFprojects to right hemisphere ...
pdf file. - Harvard Vision Lab
... therefore keeping track of self-movement is a necessary part of analysing sensory input. One way in which the brain keeps track of self-movement is by monitoring an internal copy, or corollary discharge, of motor commands1–13. This concept could explain why we perceive a stable visual world despite ...
... therefore keeping track of self-movement is a necessary part of analysing sensory input. One way in which the brain keeps track of self-movement is by monitoring an internal copy, or corollary discharge, of motor commands1–13. This concept could explain why we perceive a stable visual world despite ...
Review Questions
... 2. Which of the following statements does not describe correctly the ventricular cavity? A. The lateral ventricles are shaped like a butterfly in the forebrain. B. The third ventricle forms a vertical slit between the two thalami. C. The cerebral aqueduct is the narrow opening in the midbrain. D. Th ...
... 2. Which of the following statements does not describe correctly the ventricular cavity? A. The lateral ventricles are shaped like a butterfly in the forebrain. B. The third ventricle forms a vertical slit between the two thalami. C. The cerebral aqueduct is the narrow opening in the midbrain. D. Th ...
Visual Information and Eye Movement Control in Human Cerebral
... of a particular sulcus in the brain of one individual may be located at the site of the posterior bank of the same sulcus in another individual (Fig. 6). Or the precentral sulcus, considered to be the location of the frontal eye field, could occur as one continuous sulcus in one individual and be di ...
... of a particular sulcus in the brain of one individual may be located at the site of the posterior bank of the same sulcus in another individual (Fig. 6). Or the precentral sulcus, considered to be the location of the frontal eye field, could occur as one continuous sulcus in one individual and be di ...
Lecture 3 Figure 1
... project respectively to the IIIrd and IVth, and to the VIth nuclei. Fibers from area 4 terminate in, or adjacent to, cranial nerve motor nuclei excluding those of III, IV, and VI. Although not illustrated here, the superior colliculus receives cortical input from area 8 and from the parietal eye fiel ...
... project respectively to the IIIrd and IVth, and to the VIth nuclei. Fibers from area 4 terminate in, or adjacent to, cranial nerve motor nuclei excluding those of III, IV, and VI. Although not illustrated here, the superior colliculus receives cortical input from area 8 and from the parietal eye fiel ...
Brain Stem Reticular Formation
... Degeneration of descending motor pathways from the cortex to the brainstem “Release” of some of complex motor behaviors such as laughing and crying Usually uncontrollable, not consistent with mood May laugh when angry, cry at sad things, etc Conceptually analogous to upper motor neuron hyperreflexia ...
... Degeneration of descending motor pathways from the cortex to the brainstem “Release” of some of complex motor behaviors such as laughing and crying Usually uncontrollable, not consistent with mood May laugh when angry, cry at sad things, etc Conceptually analogous to upper motor neuron hyperreflexia ...
The visual cortex - Neuroscience Network Basel
... projection give rise to characteristic visual field deficits. In rodents the projection is crossed 85-90%, in reptils and birds close to 100%. There are additional CNS nuclei receiving direct retinal input: - The superior colliculus: main retinal target in reptiles, amphibia and birds, receives reti ...
... projection give rise to characteristic visual field deficits. In rodents the projection is crossed 85-90%, in reptils and birds close to 100%. There are additional CNS nuclei receiving direct retinal input: - The superior colliculus: main retinal target in reptiles, amphibia and birds, receives reti ...
neural basis of deciding, choosing and acting
... Vision during a period of fixation culminates in another eye movement. A network located in the brainstem is responsible for generating saccadic eye movements. The saccade generation network requires two conjoint inputs: one signalling the desired direction and amplitude of the movement; the other s ...
... Vision during a period of fixation culminates in another eye movement. A network located in the brainstem is responsible for generating saccadic eye movements. The saccade generation network requires two conjoint inputs: one signalling the desired direction and amplitude of the movement; the other s ...
Vision
... • Neurons of the retina and vision • Cones • Allow for detailed color vision • Densest in the center of the retina • Fovea centralis—area of the retina with only cones ...
... • Neurons of the retina and vision • Cones • Allow for detailed color vision • Densest in the center of the retina • Fovea centralis—area of the retina with only cones ...
Biological Vision
... Now, the bipolar cell is strongly inhibited, with no excitation. In response to this strong silencing of the bipolar cell, the ganglion cell shuts down as well. It will not turn on again until the light is turned off, at which time you will see a rebound "off-response". This is an ON-center cell. Th ...
... Now, the bipolar cell is strongly inhibited, with no excitation. In response to this strong silencing of the bipolar cell, the ganglion cell shuts down as well. It will not turn on again until the light is turned off, at which time you will see a rebound "off-response". This is an ON-center cell. Th ...
39_LectureSlides
... potential physical influence on that rapidly forming brain. A child’s earliest experiences…determine how their brains are wired….These experieinces can determine whether children will grow up to be peaceful or violent citizens, focused or undisciplined workers, attentive or detached parents themselv ...
... potential physical influence on that rapidly forming brain. A child’s earliest experiences…determine how their brains are wired….These experieinces can determine whether children will grow up to be peaceful or violent citizens, focused or undisciplined workers, attentive or detached parents themselv ...
Sensory Part 1
... Allow dim light vision and peripheral vision All perception is in gray tones ...
... Allow dim light vision and peripheral vision All perception is in gray tones ...
An ancestral axial twist explains the contralateral forebrain and the
... As we will see below (section 4) all extant and fossil vertebrates possess an optic chiasm. The model is therefore based on the hypothesis that an ancestor of all vertebrates has turned on its left side, by a 90° turn about the body axis (i.e. anti-clockwise from the perspective of the embryo). As t ...
... As we will see below (section 4) all extant and fossil vertebrates possess an optic chiasm. The model is therefore based on the hypothesis that an ancestor of all vertebrates has turned on its left side, by a 90° turn about the body axis (i.e. anti-clockwise from the perspective of the embryo). As t ...
Developmental biology 2008 Lecture 3
... The lens induces the overlying ectoderm to form the cornea, the shaping of which requires the aqueous humor. The inner layer of the cornea derives from cranial neural crest cells. The iris (a pigmented muscular tissue responsible for controlling pupil size) develops from the outer rim of the optic c ...
... The lens induces the overlying ectoderm to form the cornea, the shaping of which requires the aqueous humor. The inner layer of the cornea derives from cranial neural crest cells. The iris (a pigmented muscular tissue responsible for controlling pupil size) develops from the outer rim of the optic c ...
Redgrave - people.vcu.edu
... substantia nigra pars reticulata. Peristimulus histograms showing nerve impulse frequencies from different publications are aligned on stimulus onset. a | Activity in the superior colliculus is characterized by an early sensory response (latency ~40 ms) followed by a later motor response (latency ~2 ...
... substantia nigra pars reticulata. Peristimulus histograms showing nerve impulse frequencies from different publications are aligned on stimulus onset. a | Activity in the superior colliculus is characterized by an early sensory response (latency ~40 ms) followed by a later motor response (latency ~2 ...
Forebrain Diseases of the Horse: Relevant Examination Techniques
... this regard, menace should be considered a quantitative response. Unlike simple reflexes, which are assessed as present or absent, a menace response can be considered abnormal if it is less vigorous than that elicited from the opposite (normal) side. The menace response can be interrupted anywhere i ...
... this regard, menace should be considered a quantitative response. Unlike simple reflexes, which are assessed as present or absent, a menace response can be considered abnormal if it is less vigorous than that elicited from the opposite (normal) side. The menace response can be interrupted anywhere i ...
Compared to other cortical areas, muscle contraction is most easily
... long-term effects are less pronounced than often assumed. Careful testing is required to discern long-term motor deficits and, although much emphasis has been placed on species differences, comparable deficits follow pyramidal-tract transections in macaque monkeys, marsupial phalangers, rats, and ha ...
... long-term effects are less pronounced than often assumed. Careful testing is required to discern long-term motor deficits and, although much emphasis has been placed on species differences, comparable deficits follow pyramidal-tract transections in macaque monkeys, marsupial phalangers, rats, and ha ...
different sensory modalities
... Sensory maps in the colliculus • sensory neurons of the colliculus are organized in visuotopic, somatotopic, auditory maps – visual maps in superficial layers: nasal-temporal meridians (horizontal medians) run rostralcaudal, vertical meridians run medial-lateral; in deeper layers: similiarity of th ...
... Sensory maps in the colliculus • sensory neurons of the colliculus are organized in visuotopic, somatotopic, auditory maps – visual maps in superficial layers: nasal-temporal meridians (horizontal medians) run rostralcaudal, vertical meridians run medial-lateral; in deeper layers: similiarity of th ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... Huerta1 is superimposed over the SC. Central vision is represented rostrolaterally: + denotes the upper field, − denotes the lower field. Left is medial (m), up is rostral (r). (B–E) Photomicrographs of the case 1 injection sites in coronal sections through the SC and pulvinar. Injection cores can b ...
... Huerta1 is superimposed over the SC. Central vision is represented rostrolaterally: + denotes the upper field, − denotes the lower field. Left is medial (m), up is rostral (r). (B–E) Photomicrographs of the case 1 injection sites in coronal sections through the SC and pulvinar. Injection cores can b ...
PDF
... normal retinotopic topography. The topographic precision of the projection, as revealed by the multiunit receptive field sizes, was the same in light- and dark-reared animals. The laminar distribution, in the superficial neuropil of the optic tectum, of terminals from different classes of retinal ga ...
... normal retinotopic topography. The topographic precision of the projection, as revealed by the multiunit receptive field sizes, was the same in light- and dark-reared animals. The laminar distribution, in the superficial neuropil of the optic tectum, of terminals from different classes of retinal ga ...
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-like Molecules in the Retina
... 13. Rinse the sections in Ringer’s for 15 min. 14. Mount the sections in 90% glycerol/lO% Ringer’s. In a few instances immunoperoxidase experiments were performed on only one side of the tectum in order to compare the pattern of staining with the pattern of the retinotectal projection (the retinotec ...
... 13. Rinse the sections in Ringer’s for 15 min. 14. Mount the sections in 90% glycerol/lO% Ringer’s. In a few instances immunoperoxidase experiments were performed on only one side of the tectum in order to compare the pattern of staining with the pattern of the retinotectal projection (the retinotec ...
Superior colliculus
The superior colliculus, (Latin, upper hill) is a paired structure of the mammalian midbrain. In other vertebrates this is known as the optic tectum or simply tectum, and the adjective tectal may also be used. The superior colliculus forms a major component of the midbrain. The tectum is a layered structure, with a number of layers that varies by species. The superficial layers are sensory-related, and receive input from the eyes as well as other sensory systems. The deep layers are motor-related, capable of activating eye movements as well as other responses. There are also intermediate layers, with multi-sensory cells and motor properties.The general function of the tectal system is to direct behavioral responses toward specific points in egocentric (""body-centered"") space. Each layer of the tectum contains a topographic map of the surrounding world in retinotopic coordinates, and activation of neurons at a particular point in the map evokes a response directed toward the corresponding point in space. In primates, the superior colliculus has been studied mainly with respect to its role in directing eye movements. Visual input from the retina, or ""command"" input from the cerebral cortex, create a ""bump"" of activity in the tectal map, which, if strong enough, induces a saccadic eye movement. Even in primates, however, the tectum is also involved in generating spatially directed head turns, arm-reaching movements, and shifts in attention that do not involve any overt movements. In other species, the tectum is involved in a wide range of responses, including whole-body turns in walking rats, swimming fishes, or flying birds; tongue-strikes toward prey in frogs; fang-strikes in snakes; etc.In some vertebrates, including fish and birds, the tectum is one of the largest components of the brain. In mammals, and especially primates, the massive expansion of the cerebral cortex reduces the tectum (""superior colliculus"") to a much smaller fraction of the whole brain. It remains nonetheless important in terms of function as the primary integrating center for eye movements.Note on terminology: This article follows terminology established in the literature for the analogous structure in mammals/non-mammals (see above), using the term ""superior colliculus"" when discussing mammals and ""optic tectum"" when discussing either specific non-mammalian species or vertebrates in general.