Computational approaches to sensorimotor transformations
... function of the eye-centered position of an object (V) and a sigmoid function of eye position (P). In an idealized neuron that performs this calculation (Fig. 2a), the receptive field is eye-centered, that is, it remains at the same location relative to the fovea regardless of eye position (Fig. 2b) ...
... function of the eye-centered position of an object (V) and a sigmoid function of eye position (P). In an idealized neuron that performs this calculation (Fig. 2a), the receptive field is eye-centered, that is, it remains at the same location relative to the fovea regardless of eye position (Fig. 2b) ...
Cerebral Cortex Lect
... Motor area: somatotopically organized around the cruciate sulcus. The motor area drives voluntary movement and it is the primary source of pyramidal tract fibers to cranial nerve nuclei and spinal cord (corticospinal tracts). Somatotopic organization = organization based on regional organization of ...
... Motor area: somatotopically organized around the cruciate sulcus. The motor area drives voluntary movement and it is the primary source of pyramidal tract fibers to cranial nerve nuclei and spinal cord (corticospinal tracts). Somatotopic organization = organization based on regional organization of ...
Neural Basis of Visually Guided Head Movements Studied With fMRI
... visually guided head movements studied with fMRI. J Neurophysiol 89: 2516 –2527, 2003. First published January 24, 2003; 10.1152/jn.00988.2002. We used event-related fMRI to measure brain activity while subjects performed saccadic eye, head, and gaze movements to visually presented targets. Two dist ...
... visually guided head movements studied with fMRI. J Neurophysiol 89: 2516 –2527, 2003. First published January 24, 2003; 10.1152/jn.00988.2002. We used event-related fMRI to measure brain activity while subjects performed saccadic eye, head, and gaze movements to visually presented targets. Two dist ...
Cerebellum
... coordination of voluntary movements. The cerebellum receives information from the skin, joints, muscles, the vestibular apparatus and the eye about positions and ongoing movements. Information is also coming from the cerebral cortex, primarily from cortical areas dealing with planning or initiation ...
... coordination of voluntary movements. The cerebellum receives information from the skin, joints, muscles, the vestibular apparatus and the eye about positions and ongoing movements. Information is also coming from the cerebral cortex, primarily from cortical areas dealing with planning or initiation ...
A Verbose Guide to Dissection of the Sheep`s Brain H
... a good-sized optic nerve. In species that rely more on other sensory modalities, the optic nerve is punier (see alligator). In the Ganges River dolphin, "this nerve is as thin as a thread" (Pilleri & Gihr, 1970), as vision is of little use in its turgid environment. The 5th cranial nerve, the trigem ...
... a good-sized optic nerve. In species that rely more on other sensory modalities, the optic nerve is punier (see alligator). In the Ganges River dolphin, "this nerve is as thin as a thread" (Pilleri & Gihr, 1970), as vision is of little use in its turgid environment. The 5th cranial nerve, the trigem ...
Bypassing V1: a direct geniculate input to area MT
... of higher extrastriate cortical areas. Historically, these regions were defined as ‘higher’ because they were not thought to receive direct geniculate input. In humans, loss of V1 devastates eyesight by cutting off the flow of visual information from the LGN to extrastriate visual cortex. Curiously, ...
... of higher extrastriate cortical areas. Historically, these regions were defined as ‘higher’ because they were not thought to receive direct geniculate input. In humans, loss of V1 devastates eyesight by cutting off the flow of visual information from the LGN to extrastriate visual cortex. Curiously, ...
Brain Anatomy and Histology of Orange Spotted Grouper
... E.coioides is shown in Figures 3 and 4. The cerebrum was fairly big in this species and shaped as lobules rather than a unique part. The optic lobe consisted of two parts, the optic tectum and the tegmentum. The optic lobe in this fish was not the largest part compared to other fishes, such as Cypri ...
... E.coioides is shown in Figures 3 and 4. The cerebrum was fairly big in this species and shaped as lobules rather than a unique part. The optic lobe consisted of two parts, the optic tectum and the tegmentum. The optic lobe in this fish was not the largest part compared to other fishes, such as Cypri ...
Signature - UNE Faculty/Staff Index Page
... posterior lobe – makes the bulk of the cerebellum – inferior to primary fissure Receives efferent motor information from the cerebral cortex / pons flocculonodular lobe - lateral to cerebellar attachment (cerebellar peduncle) to brainstem Receives afferent vestibular information from CN VIII nuclei ...
... posterior lobe – makes the bulk of the cerebellum – inferior to primary fissure Receives efferent motor information from the cerebral cortex / pons flocculonodular lobe - lateral to cerebellar attachment (cerebellar peduncle) to brainstem Receives afferent vestibular information from CN VIII nuclei ...
Phase IIB / PHGY 825 Organization of the Brain Stem Organization
... projections. They may innervate multiple levels of the spinal cord, send collaterals to the brainstem and diencephalon, have bifurcating axons that give rise to both ascending and descending connections. They may also have large dendritic fields that allow them to receive synaptic inputs from ascend ...
... projections. They may innervate multiple levels of the spinal cord, send collaterals to the brainstem and diencephalon, have bifurcating axons that give rise to both ascending and descending connections. They may also have large dendritic fields that allow them to receive synaptic inputs from ascend ...
concurrent, distributed control of saccade initiation in the frontal eye
... numerous thalamic nuclei including the ventral anterior, ventral lateral, mediodorsal, central lateral, anterior, medial and inferior pulvinar, lateral dorsal, reticular thalamic nuclei31 . Descending projections terminate in the ipsilateral substantia nigra pars reticulata, mesencephalic reticular ...
... numerous thalamic nuclei including the ventral anterior, ventral lateral, mediodorsal, central lateral, anterior, medial and inferior pulvinar, lateral dorsal, reticular thalamic nuclei31 . Descending projections terminate in the ipsilateral substantia nigra pars reticulata, mesencephalic reticular ...
BRAINSTEM
... Transmits taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue via the chorda tympani nerve. Receives information from taste buds located in the fungiform and foliate papillae. Sensory and autonomic root of the facial nerve. Chorda tympani actually arises from this segment of VII. Cell bodies lie in the geniculate ...
... Transmits taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue via the chorda tympani nerve. Receives information from taste buds located in the fungiform and foliate papillae. Sensory and autonomic root of the facial nerve. Chorda tympani actually arises from this segment of VII. Cell bodies lie in the geniculate ...
2. Parkinsons diseas and Movement Disorders. 1998
... Different areas of the cerebral cortex (neocortex) may be distinguished from one another by their histological features and neuroanatomical connections. Brodmann’s numbering scheme for cortical areas has been used for many years and will be introduced in this section. Projection areas. By following ...
... Different areas of the cerebral cortex (neocortex) may be distinguished from one another by their histological features and neuroanatomical connections. Brodmann’s numbering scheme for cortical areas has been used for many years and will be introduced in this section. Projection areas. By following ...
11. The front-end visual system - LGN and cortex
... From the retina, the optic nerve runs into the central brain area and makes a first monosynaptic connection in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus, a specialized area of the thalamus (see figure 11.1 and 11.2). ...
... From the retina, the optic nerve runs into the central brain area and makes a first monosynaptic connection in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus, a specialized area of the thalamus (see figure 11.1 and 11.2). ...
lecture i - Tripod.com
... photoreceptors and you see spots) Pacinian corpuscle – a mechanoreceptor for thermal/pressure stimuli, long and myelinated - transduction takes place at bare nerve ending (Na channels located here) – so Pacinian corp. is needed for a fast-adapting, transient response – responds only to change in sti ...
... photoreceptors and you see spots) Pacinian corpuscle – a mechanoreceptor for thermal/pressure stimuli, long and myelinated - transduction takes place at bare nerve ending (Na channels located here) – so Pacinian corp. is needed for a fast-adapting, transient response – responds only to change in sti ...
Cortical Substrates of Perceptual Stability during Eye Movements
... the latter. If this were not the case, our concept of a reassuringly stable world, through which we move, in which we act, would inevitably be lost. Smooth-pursuit eye movements may serve as a case in point. They allow us to stabilize the image of a selected object on or close to the fovea in order ...
... the latter. If this were not the case, our concept of a reassuringly stable world, through which we move, in which we act, would inevitably be lost. Smooth-pursuit eye movements may serve as a case in point. They allow us to stabilize the image of a selected object on or close to the fovea in order ...
PDF-document - homepage.ruhr-uni
... 50 ms (n = 34, range: 15–135 ms); at the upper target, it was 72 ms (n = 29, range: 30–130 ms); at the left target, it was 60 ms (n = 28, range: 20–110 ms); at the right target, it was 50 ms (n = 29, range: 30–100 ms); and at the lower target, it was 65 ms (n = 26, range: 30–155 ms). There was no si ...
... 50 ms (n = 34, range: 15–135 ms); at the upper target, it was 72 ms (n = 29, range: 30–130 ms); at the left target, it was 60 ms (n = 28, range: 20–110 ms); at the right target, it was 50 ms (n = 29, range: 30–100 ms); and at the lower target, it was 65 ms (n = 26, range: 30–155 ms). There was no si ...
Chapter 15 Perceptual Development
... When the screen comes up, you will see two copies of the same image. Initially, both images are of a face, not the handsomest face but it will have to do. The copy on the left will never be change and serves a reference to what the face or scene will look like to an adult. The image on the right wil ...
... When the screen comes up, you will see two copies of the same image. Initially, both images are of a face, not the handsomest face but it will have to do. The copy on the left will never be change and serves a reference to what the face or scene will look like to an adult. The image on the right wil ...
Neuro Objectives 22 - U
... Medial longitudinal fasciculus: medial throughout brainstem, ventral to the ventricular system Oculomotor nuclei: rostral midbrain, medial, multiple nuclei ventral to periaqueductal gray Trochlear nuclei: caudal midbrain, medial, dorsal to MLF, only cranial nerve that leaves both dorsally and crosse ...
... Medial longitudinal fasciculus: medial throughout brainstem, ventral to the ventricular system Oculomotor nuclei: rostral midbrain, medial, multiple nuclei ventral to periaqueductal gray Trochlear nuclei: caudal midbrain, medial, dorsal to MLF, only cranial nerve that leaves both dorsally and crosse ...
University of Groningen Ascending projections from spinal
... brainstem to the PAG. Projections from the spinal cord to the PAG had been studied thoroughly, but projections from the brainstem to the PAG had not yet been studied in such detail. In order to be able to place the pathways of the ‘emotional sensory system’ in perspective with other ascending tracts ...
... brainstem to the PAG. Projections from the spinal cord to the PAG had been studied thoroughly, but projections from the brainstem to the PAG had not yet been studied in such detail. In order to be able to place the pathways of the ‘emotional sensory system’ in perspective with other ascending tracts ...
Executive Functions: Eye Movements and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
... visual world would blur and slip across the retina with each movement. Two classes of eye movements, vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes, evolved to stabilize images on the retina during such head and body perturbations. In the case of the vestibuloocular reflex, when the head moves to the rig ...
... visual world would blur and slip across the retina with each movement. Two classes of eye movements, vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes, evolved to stabilize images on the retina during such head and body perturbations. In the case of the vestibuloocular reflex, when the head moves to the rig ...
Supranuclear control of ocular motility
... collaboration of vestibular and visually mediated mechanisms. Vestibulo-ocular reflexes operate during locomotion, generating compensatory eye movements to counteract high-frequency head perturbations that occur with each step. One remarkable property of vestibulo-ocular reflexes is their short late ...
... collaboration of vestibular and visually mediated mechanisms. Vestibulo-ocular reflexes operate during locomotion, generating compensatory eye movements to counteract high-frequency head perturbations that occur with each step. One remarkable property of vestibulo-ocular reflexes is their short late ...
View PDF - Laboratory of Brain, Hearing and Behavior
... of the difference in the relative strengths of competing stimuli (discrimination difficulty) [27!!]. Green data: neurons with switch-like responses. Black data: neurons with gradual responses. Peak discriminability, in each case, was based on a d’ analysis, comparing pooled responses from a conditio ...
... of the difference in the relative strengths of competing stimuli (discrimination difficulty) [27!!]. Green data: neurons with switch-like responses. Black data: neurons with gradual responses. Peak discriminability, in each case, was based on a d’ analysis, comparing pooled responses from a conditio ...
BSCI338N, Spring 2013, Dr. Singer
... eg thalamus gets a raw copy from ascending tracts & a processed copy from cortex which affects how it relays & modulates sensory input to cortex pain modulation in periaqueductal gray matter: input from anterolateral system & hypothalamus/amydala/cortex modulates output to dorsal horn Patterns of Se ...
... eg thalamus gets a raw copy from ascending tracts & a processed copy from cortex which affects how it relays & modulates sensory input to cortex pain modulation in periaqueductal gray matter: input from anterolateral system & hypothalamus/amydala/cortex modulates output to dorsal horn Patterns of Se ...
The Motor System of the Cortex and the Brain Stem
... Importantly, after the go signal was given, the discharge remained the same as it was during the delay period. This second observation suggests that the information that whatever the cell was coding during the delay period was the same as after the go signal. It seems likely that this information wa ...
... Importantly, after the go signal was given, the discharge remained the same as it was during the delay period. This second observation suggests that the information that whatever the cell was coding during the delay period was the same as after the go signal. It seems likely that this information wa ...
Superior colliculus
The superior colliculus, (Latin, upper hill) is a paired structure of the mammalian midbrain. In other vertebrates this is known as the optic tectum or simply tectum, and the adjective tectal may also be used. The superior colliculus forms a major component of the midbrain. The tectum is a layered structure, with a number of layers that varies by species. The superficial layers are sensory-related, and receive input from the eyes as well as other sensory systems. The deep layers are motor-related, capable of activating eye movements as well as other responses. There are also intermediate layers, with multi-sensory cells and motor properties.The general function of the tectal system is to direct behavioral responses toward specific points in egocentric (""body-centered"") space. Each layer of the tectum contains a topographic map of the surrounding world in retinotopic coordinates, and activation of neurons at a particular point in the map evokes a response directed toward the corresponding point in space. In primates, the superior colliculus has been studied mainly with respect to its role in directing eye movements. Visual input from the retina, or ""command"" input from the cerebral cortex, create a ""bump"" of activity in the tectal map, which, if strong enough, induces a saccadic eye movement. Even in primates, however, the tectum is also involved in generating spatially directed head turns, arm-reaching movements, and shifts in attention that do not involve any overt movements. In other species, the tectum is involved in a wide range of responses, including whole-body turns in walking rats, swimming fishes, or flying birds; tongue-strikes toward prey in frogs; fang-strikes in snakes; etc.In some vertebrates, including fish and birds, the tectum is one of the largest components of the brain. In mammals, and especially primates, the massive expansion of the cerebral cortex reduces the tectum (""superior colliculus"") to a much smaller fraction of the whole brain. It remains nonetheless important in terms of function as the primary integrating center for eye movements.Note on terminology: This article follows terminology established in the literature for the analogous structure in mammals/non-mammals (see above), using the term ""superior colliculus"" when discussing mammals and ""optic tectum"" when discussing either specific non-mammalian species or vertebrates in general.