Molecular Genetics and Genomics
... gene has been isolated by heterologous complementation of an exoB mutant of R. meliloti. We have cloned a chromosomal DNA fragment from the R. leguminosarum bv trifolii genome that contains an open reading frame of 981 bp showing 80% identity at the amino acid level to the UDP-glucose 4-epimerase of ...
... gene has been isolated by heterologous complementation of an exoB mutant of R. meliloti. We have cloned a chromosomal DNA fragment from the R. leguminosarum bv trifolii genome that contains an open reading frame of 981 bp showing 80% identity at the amino acid level to the UDP-glucose 4-epimerase of ...
Regulation of pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase by ADP
... governed for correctly adjusting PPDK activation state to the rate of carbon flux in the C4 (and C3) cycle because it is bifunctional, with the ability to catalyze both phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of PPDK. Some evidence to date suggests that the mechanism providing this flexible and sensit ...
... governed for correctly adjusting PPDK activation state to the rate of carbon flux in the C4 (and C3) cycle because it is bifunctional, with the ability to catalyze both phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of PPDK. Some evidence to date suggests that the mechanism providing this flexible and sensit ...
Local protein synthesis in neuronal axons: why and
... cues. Here, we review current experimental techniques that can be used to answer this question. Furthermore, we discuss how new technologies can help us understand what biological processes are regulated by axonal protein synthesis in vivo. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(3): 139-146] ...
... cues. Here, we review current experimental techniques that can be used to answer this question. Furthermore, we discuss how new technologies can help us understand what biological processes are regulated by axonal protein synthesis in vivo. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(3): 139-146] ...
Optimizing cofactor availability for the production of recombinant
... production landscapes from microscale cultivations using 1 mM FeSO4-supplemented medium. Error bars are standard deviations from all measured clones of a landscape. Average activity from strains producing HRP alone was set to 100%. In addition to strong constitutive co-overexpression of either HEM1 ...
... production landscapes from microscale cultivations using 1 mM FeSO4-supplemented medium. Error bars are standard deviations from all measured clones of a landscape. Average activity from strains producing HRP alone was set to 100%. In addition to strong constitutive co-overexpression of either HEM1 ...
Bioinformatics Molecular Genetics
... Deactivating mutations in one copy of the gene would then not be selected against. In addition, the duplication event may not have been complete, so they might have incomplete promoters. These pseudogenes are called duplicated. ...
... Deactivating mutations in one copy of the gene would then not be selected against. In addition, the duplication event may not have been complete, so they might have incomplete promoters. These pseudogenes are called duplicated. ...
Transcriptional activity and role of plasmids of
... Approximately 64% of the Pc34434568 genome was significantly DE (SDE; P-adjusted < 0.1) during growth in 35 BU hop extract, whereas only 23% of the Lb464 genome was SDE during growth in 50 BU hop extract (Table 1). Furthermore, a higher number of highly SDE genes was seen for Pc344 than for Lb464, w ...
... Approximately 64% of the Pc34434568 genome was significantly DE (SDE; P-adjusted < 0.1) during growth in 35 BU hop extract, whereas only 23% of the Lb464 genome was SDE during growth in 50 BU hop extract (Table 1). Furthermore, a higher number of highly SDE genes was seen for Pc344 than for Lb464, w ...
Supplementary document Trehalose/2
... (n=9), saline and fluctuating salinity habitats (where salinity is usually lower than 250 g.l- ...
... (n=9), saline and fluctuating salinity habitats (where salinity is usually lower than 250 g.l- ...
Codon usage in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis corn
... of Mycobacteritlm sequences (Bergh & Cole, 1994). In the case of antigen sequences, we have followed Young e t al. (1992). For the sequences homologous to the groE operon, we have adopted the terminology of Coates e t al. (1993). Analyses. Codon usage in the Mycobacterium sequences was calculated us ...
... of Mycobacteritlm sequences (Bergh & Cole, 1994). In the case of antigen sequences, we have followed Young e t al. (1992). For the sequences homologous to the groE operon, we have adopted the terminology of Coates e t al. (1993). Analyses. Codon usage in the Mycobacterium sequences was calculated us ...
Autotaxin–Lysophosphatidic Acid Axis Acts Downstream of
... chylomicrons, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and verylow–density lipoproteins (VLDL), modulate angiogenesis by regulating the expression of the endothelial decoy receptor VEGFR1.10 Zebrafish stalactite (stl) mutants, which carry a mutation in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (mtp) gene ...
... chylomicrons, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and verylow–density lipoproteins (VLDL), modulate angiogenesis by regulating the expression of the endothelial decoy receptor VEGFR1.10 Zebrafish stalactite (stl) mutants, which carry a mutation in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (mtp) gene ...
Regulation of nitrogen metabolism in gram
... nitrogen excess, GlnR functions as a repressor of the glnRA operon [5]. In contrast to GlnR, TnrA may repress as well as activate transcription. Under conditions of an excess of glutamine and glutamate in the cell, TnrA binds to glutamine synthase, forming an inactive complex. As a result, TnrA cann ...
... nitrogen excess, GlnR functions as a repressor of the glnRA operon [5]. In contrast to GlnR, TnrA may repress as well as activate transcription. Under conditions of an excess of glutamine and glutamate in the cell, TnrA binds to glutamine synthase, forming an inactive complex. As a result, TnrA cann ...
Brooker Chapter 12 - Volunteer State Community College
... bacterial promoters Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
... bacterial promoters Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
Production and characterization of murine models of classic and
... and other body fluids [1]. Besides the classic form, there are other variants of the disease. Patients with the intermediate form of the disease show BCKDH activity in the range of 3–30% of normal. In such patients the onset of the disease is delayed, but there are persistently elevated levels of BC ...
... and other body fluids [1]. Besides the classic form, there are other variants of the disease. Patients with the intermediate form of the disease show BCKDH activity in the range of 3–30% of normal. In such patients the onset of the disease is delayed, but there are persistently elevated levels of BC ...
A. Introduction
... continual support of the patent plant as they grow. Survivorship is higher in plants produced from runners than those produced from seed. Parthenogenesis is another form of asexual reproduction. Parthenogenesis is the development of an organism from an unfertilized egg. Parthenogenesis always result ...
... continual support of the patent plant as they grow. Survivorship is higher in plants produced from runners than those produced from seed. Parthenogenesis is another form of asexual reproduction. Parthenogenesis is the development of an organism from an unfertilized egg. Parthenogenesis always result ...
Safety Considerations for Retroviral Vectors: A Short Review`
... virus particles. Normally, the double stranded RNA retrovirus genome is packaged into virions, but retrovirus packaging cell lines (also known as helper cells) are constructed in order to package other RNA molecules (Fig. 1, below). These RNA molecules have limited retroviral sequences and commonly ...
... virus particles. Normally, the double stranded RNA retrovirus genome is packaged into virions, but retrovirus packaging cell lines (also known as helper cells) are constructed in order to package other RNA molecules (Fig. 1, below). These RNA molecules have limited retroviral sequences and commonly ...
Investigation 1: Examining RNA-Seq data
... produced by transcription from a DNA template. (In some cases, RNA is made from an RNA template.) The transcriptome includes messenger RNAs, ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and other RNAs that have specialized functions in the cell. RNA can be harvested from cells or a whole organism like Drosophila ...
... produced by transcription from a DNA template. (In some cases, RNA is made from an RNA template.) The transcriptome includes messenger RNAs, ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and other RNAs that have specialized functions in the cell. RNA can be harvested from cells or a whole organism like Drosophila ...
Protein-protein interaction networks (I): data preprocessing
... A data set of high coverage is not very useful if its accuracy is low, i.e. if it contains a large number of false positives.Similarly, a data set of high accuracy is not very useful if its coverage is low. Commonly, one estimates accuracy and coverage by comparing to a reference set of known intera ...
... A data set of high coverage is not very useful if its accuracy is low, i.e. if it contains a large number of false positives.Similarly, a data set of high accuracy is not very useful if its coverage is low. Commonly, one estimates accuracy and coverage by comparing to a reference set of known intera ...
S4 Text
... The recently published model of Bosdriesz et al. [1] provides a synthesis of the currently available knowledge of the ppGpp regulatory system. Through the mechanisms of ppGpp production and degradation, it describes regulation of the synthesis of ribosomal RNA. We explain below how we use the model ...
... The recently published model of Bosdriesz et al. [1] provides a synthesis of the currently available knowledge of the ppGpp regulatory system. Through the mechanisms of ppGpp production and degradation, it describes regulation of the synthesis of ribosomal RNA. We explain below how we use the model ...
T. congolense - Centre for Genomic Research
... In four out of five systems tested gene expression was consistent with C57BL/6 mice having the most severe anaemia. The exception was enzymes for catabolism of erythrocyte proteins which were most upregulated in AJ mice. The overall expression patterns would also have predicted that AJ mice would ha ...
... In four out of five systems tested gene expression was consistent with C57BL/6 mice having the most severe anaemia. The exception was enzymes for catabolism of erythrocyte proteins which were most upregulated in AJ mice. The overall expression patterns would also have predicted that AJ mice would ha ...
As a PDF file
... to rapidly lower pH through acid formation and additionally produce many flavor compounds, they are commonly used in the food and feed industry. LAB are also attractive organisms for metabolic engineering because their energy metabolism is generally not connected to their biosynthetic activity. Ther ...
... to rapidly lower pH through acid formation and additionally produce many flavor compounds, they are commonly used in the food and feed industry. LAB are also attractive organisms for metabolic engineering because their energy metabolism is generally not connected to their biosynthetic activity. Ther ...
Characterization of a cDNA Clone Encoding Multiple Copies of the
... in the nervous system may help explain some of the unique characteristicsof reproductive behaviors, such as their strong dependenceupon both environmental context and internal motivational states. However, since the reproductive physiology and behaviors of many animal groups, in particular the verte ...
... in the nervous system may help explain some of the unique characteristicsof reproductive behaviors, such as their strong dependenceupon both environmental context and internal motivational states. However, since the reproductive physiology and behaviors of many animal groups, in particular the verte ...
Metabolomic and Gene Expression Profiles Exhibit Modular Genetic
... to the development of MetS, such as the insulin signaling pathway, central metabolism, innate immune function, and heart physiology (Reed et al. 2010, 2014; Musselman et al. 2011; Rulifson et al. 2002; Bodmer and Venkatesh 1998; Hoffmann and Reichhart 2002; Wessells et al. 2004). But unlike humans, ...
... to the development of MetS, such as the insulin signaling pathway, central metabolism, innate immune function, and heart physiology (Reed et al. 2010, 2014; Musselman et al. 2011; Rulifson et al. 2002; Bodmer and Venkatesh 1998; Hoffmann and Reichhart 2002; Wessells et al. 2004). But unlike humans, ...
Text S1
... to the very few ATP molecules required) would lead to a high uptake of glucose (7 molecules of glucose per one molecule of palmitate), whose complete oxidation would generate ATP in excess in the proliferating cell [1]. Thus, as a counteraction, the cells resort to enhanced glycolysis and lactate se ...
... to the very few ATP molecules required) would lead to a high uptake of glucose (7 molecules of glucose per one molecule of palmitate), whose complete oxidation would generate ATP in excess in the proliferating cell [1]. Thus, as a counteraction, the cells resort to enhanced glycolysis and lactate se ...
Gene regulatory network
A gene regulatory network or genetic regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of regulators thatinteract with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.The regulator can be DNA, RNA, protein and their complex. The interaction can be direct or indirect (through their transcribed RNA or translated protein).In general, each mRNA molecule goes on to make a specific protein (or set of proteins). In some cases this protein will be structural, and will accumulate at the cell membrane or within the cell to give it particular structural properties. In other cases the protein will be an enzyme, i.e., a micro-machine that catalyses a certain reaction, such as the breakdown of a food source or toxin. Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory.In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment. Thus a yeast cell, finding itself in a sugar solution, will turn on genes to make enzymes that process the sugar to alcohol. This process, which we associate with wine-making, is how the yeast cell makes its living, gaining energy to multiply, which under normal circumstances would enhance its survival prospects.In multicellular animals the same principle has been put in the service of gene cascades that control body-shape. Each time a cell divides, two cells result which, although they contain the same genome in full, can differ in which genes are turned on and making proteins. Sometimes a 'self-sustaining feedback loop' ensures that a cell maintains its identity and passes it on. Less understood is the mechanism of epigenetics by which chromatin modification may provide cellular memory by blocking or allowing transcription. A major feature of multicellular animals is the use of morphogen gradients, which in effect provide a positioning system that tells a cell where in the body it is, and hence what sort of cell to become. A gene that is turned on in one cell may make a product that leaves the cell and diffuses through adjacent cells, entering them and turning on genes only when it is present above a certain threshold level. These cells are thus induced into a new fate, and may even generate other morphogens that signal back to the original cell. Over longer distances morphogens may use the active process of signal transduction. Such signalling controls embryogenesis, the building of a body plan from scratch through a series of sequential steps. They also control and maintain adult bodies through feedback processes, and the loss of such feedback because of a mutation can be responsible for the cell proliferation that is seen in cancer. In parallel with this process of building structure, the gene cascade turns on genes that make structural proteins that give each cell the physical properties it needs.It has been suggested that, because biological molecular interactions are intrinsically stochastic, gene networks are the result of cellular processes and not their cause (i.e. cellular Darwinism). However, recent experimental evidence has favored the attractor view of cell fates.