Conformational flexibility may explain multiple cellular roles of PEST
... Earlier, the structure function paradigm inferred that the protein must acquire a stable conformation to carry out its specific biological function. But with the emergence of protein disorder concept, it is now believed that the conformationally mobile regions in the proteins may have their own impor ...
... Earlier, the structure function paradigm inferred that the protein must acquire a stable conformation to carry out its specific biological function. But with the emergence of protein disorder concept, it is now believed that the conformationally mobile regions in the proteins may have their own impor ...
iRsp1095: A genome-scale reconstruction of the Rhodobacter
... detailed knowledge of its metabolic pathways is necessary. To provide this knowledge, we are generating computational models of the metabolic network of R. sphaeroides that are based on genomic information, which can be informed and integrated with laboratory analysis of wild type and mutant strains ...
... detailed knowledge of its metabolic pathways is necessary. To provide this knowledge, we are generating computational models of the metabolic network of R. sphaeroides that are based on genomic information, which can be informed and integrated with laboratory analysis of wild type and mutant strains ...
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... intermediates, and hence play toxicity in ALDH2 deficient an important role in cell survival. They individuals 7. But whilst the outlook seems to catalyse the conversion of a wide variety of be dim and gloomy for the ALDH2*2 drinkers, aldehyde substrates to their respective on the bright side, they ...
... intermediates, and hence play toxicity in ALDH2 deficient an important role in cell survival. They individuals 7. But whilst the outlook seems to catalyse the conversion of a wide variety of be dim and gloomy for the ALDH2*2 drinkers, aldehyde substrates to their respective on the bright side, they ...
C4GEM - Genome-Scale Metabolic Model to
... (Oberhardt et al., 2009). Genome scale metabolic networks have also been reconstructed for mouse (Sheikh et al., 2005; Quek and Nielsen, 2008), human (Mo et al., 2007; Sigurdsson et al., 2009) and more recently for Arabidopsis (Poolman et al., 2009; de Oliveira Dal'Molin et al., 2010). These reconst ...
... (Oberhardt et al., 2009). Genome scale metabolic networks have also been reconstructed for mouse (Sheikh et al., 2005; Quek and Nielsen, 2008), human (Mo et al., 2007; Sigurdsson et al., 2009) and more recently for Arabidopsis (Poolman et al., 2009; de Oliveira Dal'Molin et al., 2010). These reconst ...
Adaptative biochemical pathways and regulatory networks in
... fermentation and EPS production, BAS-10 was cultivated: i) under aerobic conditions on Fe(III)citrate (FEC) as sole carbon source; ii) under anaerobic conditions using FEC or iii) Na(I)-citrate (NAC) as sole carbon source. Then, bacterial proteomes were analyzed using anaerobic FEC growth as pivotal ...
... fermentation and EPS production, BAS-10 was cultivated: i) under aerobic conditions on Fe(III)citrate (FEC) as sole carbon source; ii) under anaerobic conditions using FEC or iii) Na(I)-citrate (NAC) as sole carbon source. Then, bacterial proteomes were analyzed using anaerobic FEC growth as pivotal ...
Name: Period: _____ Date
... Ch 7.3 Pretest: Cell Transport Explain these three terms with relation to the cell membrane: 1. Phospholipid bilayer 2. Fluid mosaic 3. Selectively permeable 4. There are basically two kinds of cell transport: active and passive. What is the difference? Give an example of each. ...
... Ch 7.3 Pretest: Cell Transport Explain these three terms with relation to the cell membrane: 1. Phospholipid bilayer 2. Fluid mosaic 3. Selectively permeable 4. There are basically two kinds of cell transport: active and passive. What is the difference? Give an example of each. ...
Splicing together sister chromatids
... precocious SCC induced by defective premRNA splicing is mostly the consequence of sororin downregulation (Fig 1). The fact that sororin is short-lived and requires synthesis at a high level in every cell cycle may at least partially explain why its pre-mRNA is particularly sensitive to depletion of ...
... precocious SCC induced by defective premRNA splicing is mostly the consequence of sororin downregulation (Fig 1). The fact that sororin is short-lived and requires synthesis at a high level in every cell cycle may at least partially explain why its pre-mRNA is particularly sensitive to depletion of ...
Interrogating the Function of Metazoan Histones using
... cerevisiae has identified histone residues essential for viability and for response to environmental challenges (Dai et al., 2008; Nakanishi et al., 2008). However, there are likely to be additional roles for histone residues in multicellular organisms, which exhibit diverse regulation of genome act ...
... cerevisiae has identified histone residues essential for viability and for response to environmental challenges (Dai et al., 2008; Nakanishi et al., 2008). However, there are likely to be additional roles for histone residues in multicellular organisms, which exhibit diverse regulation of genome act ...
A Metabolic Node in Action: Chorismate
... converted via shikimate to chorismate. Chorismate is the common precursor for the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, but also for other products as diverse as folate cofactors, benzoid and naphthoid coenzymes, phenazines, and siderophores. Five chorism ...
... converted via shikimate to chorismate. Chorismate is the common precursor for the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, but also for other products as diverse as folate cofactors, benzoid and naphthoid coenzymes, phenazines, and siderophores. Five chorism ...
K 2
... have indicated that K2 was more predominant in human infections but is very rarely identified in the natural environment. In addition to that, three isolates were found to have K1, and K2 and these isolates are considered as h[18] and the presence of both antigen may be due to gene transfer mechanis ...
... have indicated that K2 was more predominant in human infections but is very rarely identified in the natural environment. In addition to that, three isolates were found to have K1, and K2 and these isolates are considered as h[18] and the presence of both antigen may be due to gene transfer mechanis ...
Distinct Classes of Mitotic Cyclins Are Differentially
... expression patterns during the cell cycle. Although A- and B-type cyclins share many structural and functional similarities, they do not appear to be redundant in cell cycle regulation in many vertebrates. 60th have been implicated in the G2-toM-phase transition, activation of the p34cdc2protein kin ...
... expression patterns during the cell cycle. Although A- and B-type cyclins share many structural and functional similarities, they do not appear to be redundant in cell cycle regulation in many vertebrates. 60th have been implicated in the G2-toM-phase transition, activation of the p34cdc2protein kin ...
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... along to future generations, and express that information as it carries out all the processes of life. The major steps involved in handling genetic information are illustrated by the central dogma of molecular biology (Figure I-1-1). Genetic information is stored in the base sequence of DNA molecule ...
... along to future generations, and express that information as it carries out all the processes of life. The major steps involved in handling genetic information are illustrated by the central dogma of molecular biology (Figure I-1-1). Genetic information is stored in the base sequence of DNA molecule ...
Exploring the Potential of Whole Cell Biosensor
... thermal [2]. The basic principle of whole cell biosensors is the immobilization of living cells or bacteria where these cells function as the molecular recognition elements that detect UMAN ...
... thermal [2]. The basic principle of whole cell biosensors is the immobilization of living cells or bacteria where these cells function as the molecular recognition elements that detect UMAN ...
Identification of surface proteins in Enterococcus - UiO
... Background: Surface proteins are a key to a deeper understanding of the behaviour of Gram-positive bacteria interacting with the human gastro-intestinal tract. Such proteins contribute to cell wall synthesis and maintenance and are important for interactions between the bacterial cell and the human ...
... Background: Surface proteins are a key to a deeper understanding of the behaviour of Gram-positive bacteria interacting with the human gastro-intestinal tract. Such proteins contribute to cell wall synthesis and maintenance and are important for interactions between the bacterial cell and the human ...
Oxytocin Hormone synthesis and regulation in the Body
... responsible for the contraction of the myoepithelial cells lining the ducts if the mammary glands to cause milk ejection (page 135, book). Oxytocin is also responsible, in both females and males, for the pleasurable sensation of rhythmic contractions of smooth muscles on the reproductive organs d ...
... responsible for the contraction of the myoepithelial cells lining the ducts if the mammary glands to cause milk ejection (page 135, book). Oxytocin is also responsible, in both females and males, for the pleasurable sensation of rhythmic contractions of smooth muscles on the reproductive organs d ...
The role of mitochondrial hexokinase II in ischemia - UvA-DARE
... subcellular trafficking. Additionally, a second window of protection exists, called late preconditioning, which becomes apparent at 12-24 hours after the IPC protocol and lasts for 3-4 days (18; 22; 57). This second window is mediated by changed protein expression due to transcriptional effects of I ...
... subcellular trafficking. Additionally, a second window of protection exists, called late preconditioning, which becomes apparent at 12-24 hours after the IPC protocol and lasts for 3-4 days (18; 22; 57). This second window is mediated by changed protein expression due to transcriptional effects of I ...
1 BIOL2323: GENERAL GENETICS STUDY GUIDE
... give an overview over the processes that can be targeted to control gene expression explain the basic principles of transcriptional control using the lac operon of E. coli as an example explain the terms negative and positive control, enzyme induction, allosteric control explain what transcription f ...
... give an overview over the processes that can be targeted to control gene expression explain the basic principles of transcriptional control using the lac operon of E. coli as an example explain the terms negative and positive control, enzyme induction, allosteric control explain what transcription f ...
Ellstrand 2014
... Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0124 USA Although theory has demonstrated rather low levels of gene flow are sufficient to counteract opposing mutation, drift, and selection, widespread recognition of the evolutionary importance of gene ...
... Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0124 USA Although theory has demonstrated rather low levels of gene flow are sufficient to counteract opposing mutation, drift, and selection, widespread recognition of the evolutionary importance of gene ...
Module 4 Notes full - Mark Rothery`s Biology
... Pyruvate marks the end of glycolysis, the first stage of respiration. In the presence of oxygen pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix to proceed with aerobic respiration, but in the absence of oxygen it is converted into lactate (in animals and bacteria) or ethanol (in plants and fungi). These ar ...
... Pyruvate marks the end of glycolysis, the first stage of respiration. In the presence of oxygen pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix to proceed with aerobic respiration, but in the absence of oxygen it is converted into lactate (in animals and bacteria) or ethanol (in plants and fungi). These ar ...
Modelling glycolysis with Cellware
... notable for three reasons: 1) Hexokinase is one of the regulated enzymes in the pathway, 2) phosphorylation traps glucose in the cell because of two negative charges in glucose 6-phosphate and 3) Phosphorylation destabilizes glucose making way for further catalysis. Third reaction in glycolysis is a ...
... notable for three reasons: 1) Hexokinase is one of the regulated enzymes in the pathway, 2) phosphorylation traps glucose in the cell because of two negative charges in glucose 6-phosphate and 3) Phosphorylation destabilizes glucose making way for further catalysis. Third reaction in glycolysis is a ...
The Arabidopsis stearoyl-acyl carrier protein-desaturase
... 2005). Oleic acid is one of the major monounsaturated FA of membrane glycerolipids in both plants and animals. In plants, de novo FA biosynthesis occurs exclusively in the plastids and, upon its synthesis, 18:1 can either enter glycerolipid synthesis via the prokaryotic pathway in the chloroplasts o ...
... 2005). Oleic acid is one of the major monounsaturated FA of membrane glycerolipids in both plants and animals. In plants, de novo FA biosynthesis occurs exclusively in the plastids and, upon its synthesis, 18:1 can either enter glycerolipid synthesis via the prokaryotic pathway in the chloroplasts o ...
Novel regulatory roles of cAMP receptor proteins in
... Mycobacterium smegmatis is a fast-growing, saprophytic, mycobacterial species that contains two cAMP-receptor protein (CRP) homologues designated herein as Crp1 and Crp2. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that Crp1 (Msmeg_0539) is uniquely present in fast-growing environmental mycobacteria, whereas Crp ...
... Mycobacterium smegmatis is a fast-growing, saprophytic, mycobacterial species that contains two cAMP-receptor protein (CRP) homologues designated herein as Crp1 and Crp2. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that Crp1 (Msmeg_0539) is uniquely present in fast-growing environmental mycobacteria, whereas Crp ...
Identification, Expression and Characterization of Archaeal
... 6.1.2.3. Storage of E. coli cells................................................................................ 78 6.1.3. P. pastoris Culture............................................................................................. 78 6.1.3.1. Preparation of P. pastoris competent cells ........ ...
... 6.1.2.3. Storage of E. coli cells................................................................................ 78 6.1.3. P. pastoris Culture............................................................................................. 78 6.1.3.1. Preparation of P. pastoris competent cells ........ ...
Regulation of Arabidopsis 14-3
... Since 14-3-3 proteins regulate several aspects N metabolism in plants, we were interested to determine whether the 14-3-3s themselves might be subject to regulation by N metabolites. We therefore examined the expression of all members of the 14-3-3 gene family in Arabidopsis seedlings grown with dif ...
... Since 14-3-3 proteins regulate several aspects N metabolism in plants, we were interested to determine whether the 14-3-3s themselves might be subject to regulation by N metabolites. We therefore examined the expression of all members of the 14-3-3 gene family in Arabidopsis seedlings grown with dif ...
Gene regulatory network
A gene regulatory network or genetic regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of regulators thatinteract with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.The regulator can be DNA, RNA, protein and their complex. The interaction can be direct or indirect (through their transcribed RNA or translated protein).In general, each mRNA molecule goes on to make a specific protein (or set of proteins). In some cases this protein will be structural, and will accumulate at the cell membrane or within the cell to give it particular structural properties. In other cases the protein will be an enzyme, i.e., a micro-machine that catalyses a certain reaction, such as the breakdown of a food source or toxin. Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory.In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment. Thus a yeast cell, finding itself in a sugar solution, will turn on genes to make enzymes that process the sugar to alcohol. This process, which we associate with wine-making, is how the yeast cell makes its living, gaining energy to multiply, which under normal circumstances would enhance its survival prospects.In multicellular animals the same principle has been put in the service of gene cascades that control body-shape. Each time a cell divides, two cells result which, although they contain the same genome in full, can differ in which genes are turned on and making proteins. Sometimes a 'self-sustaining feedback loop' ensures that a cell maintains its identity and passes it on. Less understood is the mechanism of epigenetics by which chromatin modification may provide cellular memory by blocking or allowing transcription. A major feature of multicellular animals is the use of morphogen gradients, which in effect provide a positioning system that tells a cell where in the body it is, and hence what sort of cell to become. A gene that is turned on in one cell may make a product that leaves the cell and diffuses through adjacent cells, entering them and turning on genes only when it is present above a certain threshold level. These cells are thus induced into a new fate, and may even generate other morphogens that signal back to the original cell. Over longer distances morphogens may use the active process of signal transduction. Such signalling controls embryogenesis, the building of a body plan from scratch through a series of sequential steps. They also control and maintain adult bodies through feedback processes, and the loss of such feedback because of a mutation can be responsible for the cell proliferation that is seen in cancer. In parallel with this process of building structure, the gene cascade turns on genes that make structural proteins that give each cell the physical properties it needs.It has been suggested that, because biological molecular interactions are intrinsically stochastic, gene networks are the result of cellular processes and not their cause (i.e. cellular Darwinism). However, recent experimental evidence has favored the attractor view of cell fates.