Current Microbiology
... Effect of the wild-type strain and mutants on growth of maize Inoculation of maize seedlings with P. polymyxa E681 and mutants showed effects on plant growth regarding increases in the shoot and root weights at 10 days after sowing (Table 2). The shoot and root length of bacterially treated plants w ...
... Effect of the wild-type strain and mutants on growth of maize Inoculation of maize seedlings with P. polymyxa E681 and mutants showed effects on plant growth regarding increases in the shoot and root weights at 10 days after sowing (Table 2). The shoot and root length of bacterially treated plants w ...
ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF NFκB
... transgenic Drosophila lines bearing reporter constructs in which the gene for the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) is fused to the promoter of each AMP gene (Tzou et al., 2000). There is no detectable GFP signal in the fat body of these reporter lines in the absence of immune challenge, but upon infe ...
... transgenic Drosophila lines bearing reporter constructs in which the gene for the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) is fused to the promoter of each AMP gene (Tzou et al., 2000). There is no detectable GFP signal in the fat body of these reporter lines in the absence of immune challenge, but upon infe ...
Package `PPInfer`
... Title Inferring functionally related proteins using protein interaction networks Description Interactions between proteins occur in many, if not most, biological processes. Most proteins perform their functions in networks associated with other proteins and other biomolecules. This fact has motivate ...
... Title Inferring functionally related proteins using protein interaction networks Description Interactions between proteins occur in many, if not most, biological processes. Most proteins perform their functions in networks associated with other proteins and other biomolecules. This fact has motivate ...
Lecture 10 Thurs 4-27-06
... b. PKA enters the nucleus and phosphorylates CREB (CRE binding protein), which binds to the cAMP response element (CRE), a regulatory DNA sequence associated with specific genes. This results in activation of transcription of those genes. iv. Rapid turn on and rapid turn off of cAMP and activation b ...
... b. PKA enters the nucleus and phosphorylates CREB (CRE binding protein), which binds to the cAMP response element (CRE), a regulatory DNA sequence associated with specific genes. This results in activation of transcription of those genes. iv. Rapid turn on and rapid turn off of cAMP and activation b ...
cloning of gs1 gene encodes glutamine synthetase 1 and
... plays an essential role in the metabolism of nitrogen. In vascular plants, GS is devided into two groups: cytosol - located isoform (GS1) and plastid – located isoform (GS2). Surveys have shown that GS1 gene was used widely to generate transgenic plants. Effects on the growth characteristics of GS1 ...
... plays an essential role in the metabolism of nitrogen. In vascular plants, GS is devided into two groups: cytosol - located isoform (GS1) and plastid – located isoform (GS2). Surveys have shown that GS1 gene was used widely to generate transgenic plants. Effects on the growth characteristics of GS1 ...
2008107-21541995JPR
... cleavage of load-bearing linkages alone, what is its nature? The alternative is that certain load-bearing molecules between cellulose microfibrils are split and reconnected to another molecule in the wall network so as to allow both movement of cellulose microfibrils relative to one another and inte ...
... cleavage of load-bearing linkages alone, what is its nature? The alternative is that certain load-bearing molecules between cellulose microfibrils are split and reconnected to another molecule in the wall network so as to allow both movement of cellulose microfibrils relative to one another and inte ...
On Periodicity in the Occurrence of Nucleotides in Protein Coding
... a genome, which are identified by locating the START and the STOP codons in the genome. There may be overlapping ORFs. To keep things simple, let us consider only prokaryotic genomes so that there are no introns ...
... a genome, which are identified by locating the START and the STOP codons in the genome. There may be overlapping ORFs. To keep things simple, let us consider only prokaryotic genomes so that there are no introns ...
Identification of enzymes involved in anaerobic benzene
... and benzoate (1 mM), but not with toluene (1 mM), ethylbenzene (1 mM) or xylene isomers (1 mM) as sole source of carbon (Kunapuli et al., 2007). With the help of differential expression analysis we aimed at identifying proteins specifically expressed with benzene as growth substrate but not with put ...
... and benzoate (1 mM), but not with toluene (1 mM), ethylbenzene (1 mM) or xylene isomers (1 mM) as sole source of carbon (Kunapuli et al., 2007). With the help of differential expression analysis we aimed at identifying proteins specifically expressed with benzene as growth substrate but not with put ...
RNA Structure and the Versatility of RNA
... • Largest class of small non-coding RNA molecules expressed in animal cells. • RNA-protein complexes through interactions with piwi proteins. • These piRNA complexes have been linked to both epigenetic and post-transcriptional gene silencing of retrotransposons and other genetic elements in germ lin ...
... • Largest class of small non-coding RNA molecules expressed in animal cells. • RNA-protein complexes through interactions with piwi proteins. • These piRNA complexes have been linked to both epigenetic and post-transcriptional gene silencing of retrotransposons and other genetic elements in germ lin ...
Paraoxonase-2 Gene (PON2) G148 Variant Associated with
... common sequence variant in another gene on chromosome 7q, namely the codon 192 R3 Q variant of paraoxonase (encoded by PON1) (7, 10), and a common sequence variant in a gene on chromosome 4q, namely the codon 54 A3 T variant in codon 54 of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (encoded by FABP2) (11 ...
... common sequence variant in another gene on chromosome 7q, namely the codon 192 R3 Q variant of paraoxonase (encoded by PON1) (7, 10), and a common sequence variant in a gene on chromosome 4q, namely the codon 54 A3 T variant in codon 54 of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (encoded by FABP2) (11 ...
Materials and Methods
... whether some sequence parameters have a differential influence across the range of observed expression and solubility score values. A parameter can potentially show an equivalent effect across the entire score range; in this case, an increase in the parameter would have the same influence on the pro ...
... whether some sequence parameters have a differential influence across the range of observed expression and solubility score values. A parameter can potentially show an equivalent effect across the entire score range; in this case, an increase in the parameter would have the same influence on the pro ...
Can correct protein models be identified?
... other alignment methods. In contrast to the early threading decoys, we have used a large set of different alignment methods and then generated all-atom models for the best of these. A recent study by Melo et al. (2002) used a similar approach to study different statistical potentials for fold assess ...
... other alignment methods. In contrast to the early threading decoys, we have used a large set of different alignment methods and then generated all-atom models for the best of these. A recent study by Melo et al. (2002) used a similar approach to study different statistical potentials for fold assess ...
Ketone Bodies Mimic the Life Span Extending
... The toxicity of ROS/RNS is ameliorated by the NADPH system (Fig. 2), the redox potential of which is made more negative by the metabolism of ketone bodies (19,38,39). The redox potential of the free cytosolic [NADP1]/[NADPH] system is about 20.42 V, about the same redox potential as hydrogen and is ...
... The toxicity of ROS/RNS is ameliorated by the NADPH system (Fig. 2), the redox potential of which is made more negative by the metabolism of ketone bodies (19,38,39). The redox potential of the free cytosolic [NADP1]/[NADPH] system is about 20.42 V, about the same redox potential as hydrogen and is ...
A complete shikimate pathway in Toxoplasma gondii: an ancient
... these areas could form exposed surface loops. The functions of these regions are not obvious although similar hydrophilic insertions have been noted in a number of apicomplexan enzymes including chorismate synthase (Roberts et al., 1998). Early studies established that, although the fungal AROM was ...
... these areas could form exposed surface loops. The functions of these regions are not obvious although similar hydrophilic insertions have been noted in a number of apicomplexan enzymes including chorismate synthase (Roberts et al., 1998). Early studies established that, although the fungal AROM was ...
A study of archaeal enzymes involved in polar lipid
... archaetidylserine synthase; AGS = archaetidylglycerol synthase; AIS = archaetidylinositol synthase; ACS = archaetidylcholine synthase; ASD = archaetidylserine decarboxylase; AS = archaetidylserine; AG = archaetidylglycerol; AGP = archaetidylglycerolphosphate; AI = archaetidylinositol; AC = archaetid ...
... archaetidylserine synthase; AGS = archaetidylglycerol synthase; AIS = archaetidylinositol synthase; ACS = archaetidylcholine synthase; ASD = archaetidylserine decarboxylase; AS = archaetidylserine; AG = archaetidylglycerol; AGP = archaetidylglycerolphosphate; AI = archaetidylinositol; AC = archaetid ...
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA
... an exon from one RNA molecule is spliced onto the 5' end of a completely separate molecule post-transcriptionally. While relatively unimportant to many eukaryotes, the role of this process in the biology of some organisms is ubiquitous. In kinetoplastids, for example, every single nuclear-encoded me ...
... an exon from one RNA molecule is spliced onto the 5' end of a completely separate molecule post-transcriptionally. While relatively unimportant to many eukaryotes, the role of this process in the biology of some organisms is ubiquitous. In kinetoplastids, for example, every single nuclear-encoded me ...
Analysis of expressed sequence tags from Cryptomeria japonica
... prepared with oligonucleotide probes that represented approximately 8000 genes. One group identified 992 pollen-expressed mRNAs, nearly 40% (387 genes) of which were detected specifically in pollen (Honys and Twell 2003). The other group detected 1584 genes that were expressed in pollen and reported ...
... prepared with oligonucleotide probes that represented approximately 8000 genes. One group identified 992 pollen-expressed mRNAs, nearly 40% (387 genes) of which were detected specifically in pollen (Honys and Twell 2003). The other group detected 1584 genes that were expressed in pollen and reported ...
Protein phosphorylation in bacterial signal transduction
... 2. Histidine and aspartate kinases When it comes to protein phosphorylation, Bacteria and Eukarya modify the tyrosine, serine and threonine residues [2]. However, bacteria (and some plants) also possess the two component systems, which rely on histidine autophosphorylation of the sensory kinases (th ...
... 2. Histidine and aspartate kinases When it comes to protein phosphorylation, Bacteria and Eukarya modify the tyrosine, serine and threonine residues [2]. However, bacteria (and some plants) also possess the two component systems, which rely on histidine autophosphorylation of the sensory kinases (th ...
Complex and Adaptive Dynamcial Systems A Lecture
... focus of these notes is the notion of complexity arising within evolving and dynamical network structures, such as the gene expression networks at the basis of all living, adaptive ecological networks or neural networks for cognitive information processing. Complex system theory ultimately forms the ...
... focus of these notes is the notion of complexity arising within evolving and dynamical network structures, such as the gene expression networks at the basis of all living, adaptive ecological networks or neural networks for cognitive information processing. Complex system theory ultimately forms the ...
Folic Acid and Its Receptors - OPUS
... folic acid property: the ability to create folate on their own. Folate cannot cross cell walls by diffusion or active transport, into or out of the cell. Cell walls are made of peptidoglycan, crosslinked sugars and amino acids that does not allow for folic acid, or other polar molecules, to pass thr ...
... folic acid property: the ability to create folate on their own. Folate cannot cross cell walls by diffusion or active transport, into or out of the cell. Cell walls are made of peptidoglycan, crosslinked sugars and amino acids that does not allow for folic acid, or other polar molecules, to pass thr ...
Bioinformatics in Brief This week: DB for structures Structure
... connectivity of the secondary structures (SSAP algorithm). Structures which have a SSAP score of 70 and where at least 60% of the larger protein matches the smaller protein are assigned to the same T level or fold family. Some fold families are very highly populated, they are currently subdivided us ...
... connectivity of the secondary structures (SSAP algorithm). Structures which have a SSAP score of 70 and where at least 60% of the larger protein matches the smaller protein are assigned to the same T level or fold family. Some fold families are very highly populated, they are currently subdivided us ...
Gene Silencing without DNA: RNA-Mediated Cross
... 1997; Ratcliff et al., 1997) that do not have homology to endogenous genes. In these examples, the infected plants exhibit a response very similar to the virus-induced recovery on transgenic plants in that the upper leaves are symptom free and contain reduced levels of virus. In nepovirus-infected p ...
... 1997; Ratcliff et al., 1997) that do not have homology to endogenous genes. In these examples, the infected plants exhibit a response very similar to the virus-induced recovery on transgenic plants in that the upper leaves are symptom free and contain reduced levels of virus. In nepovirus-infected p ...
Gene regulatory network
A gene regulatory network or genetic regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of regulators thatinteract with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.The regulator can be DNA, RNA, protein and their complex. The interaction can be direct or indirect (through their transcribed RNA or translated protein).In general, each mRNA molecule goes on to make a specific protein (or set of proteins). In some cases this protein will be structural, and will accumulate at the cell membrane or within the cell to give it particular structural properties. In other cases the protein will be an enzyme, i.e., a micro-machine that catalyses a certain reaction, such as the breakdown of a food source or toxin. Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory.In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment. Thus a yeast cell, finding itself in a sugar solution, will turn on genes to make enzymes that process the sugar to alcohol. This process, which we associate with wine-making, is how the yeast cell makes its living, gaining energy to multiply, which under normal circumstances would enhance its survival prospects.In multicellular animals the same principle has been put in the service of gene cascades that control body-shape. Each time a cell divides, two cells result which, although they contain the same genome in full, can differ in which genes are turned on and making proteins. Sometimes a 'self-sustaining feedback loop' ensures that a cell maintains its identity and passes it on. Less understood is the mechanism of epigenetics by which chromatin modification may provide cellular memory by blocking or allowing transcription. A major feature of multicellular animals is the use of morphogen gradients, which in effect provide a positioning system that tells a cell where in the body it is, and hence what sort of cell to become. A gene that is turned on in one cell may make a product that leaves the cell and diffuses through adjacent cells, entering them and turning on genes only when it is present above a certain threshold level. These cells are thus induced into a new fate, and may even generate other morphogens that signal back to the original cell. Over longer distances morphogens may use the active process of signal transduction. Such signalling controls embryogenesis, the building of a body plan from scratch through a series of sequential steps. They also control and maintain adult bodies through feedback processes, and the loss of such feedback because of a mutation can be responsible for the cell proliferation that is seen in cancer. In parallel with this process of building structure, the gene cascade turns on genes that make structural proteins that give each cell the physical properties it needs.It has been suggested that, because biological molecular interactions are intrinsically stochastic, gene networks are the result of cellular processes and not their cause (i.e. cellular Darwinism). However, recent experimental evidence has favored the attractor view of cell fates.