Bioinformatics Toolbox
... Microarray visualization — The toolbox contains routines for visualizing microarray data. These routines include spatial plots of microarray data (maimage, redgreencmap), box plots (maboxplot), loglog plots (maloglog), and intensity-ratio plots (mairplot). You can also view clustered expression prof ...
... Microarray visualization — The toolbox contains routines for visualizing microarray data. These routines include spatial plots of microarray data (maimage, redgreencmap), box plots (maboxplot), loglog plots (maloglog), and intensity-ratio plots (mairplot). You can also view clustered expression prof ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... Table of Contents...........................................................................................................v List of Tables .............................................................................................................. vii List of Figures ............................ ...
... Table of Contents...........................................................................................................v List of Tables .............................................................................................................. vii List of Figures ............................ ...
Modeling in Biology - Server users.dimi.uniud.it
... identification, characterization and classification of the logical and informational modules that operate in cells. For example, the types of modules that may be involved in the dynamics of intracellular communication include feedback loops, switches, timers, oscillators and amplifiers. Many of thes ...
... identification, characterization and classification of the logical and informational modules that operate in cells. For example, the types of modules that may be involved in the dynamics of intracellular communication include feedback loops, switches, timers, oscillators and amplifiers. Many of thes ...
Bioenergetics and ioenergetics and Metabolism etabolism
... that occur in an organism (or in a cell)’. The large number of reactions in a cell are organized into a relatively small number of sequences or pathways. It is a highly coordinated and purposeful cell activity, in which multienzyme systems cooperate. This obviously points out to the fact that the me ...
... that occur in an organism (or in a cell)’. The large number of reactions in a cell are organized into a relatively small number of sequences or pathways. It is a highly coordinated and purposeful cell activity, in which multienzyme systems cooperate. This obviously points out to the fact that the me ...
Molecular Characterization of NADH-Dependent
... NAD(P)H-GOGATare highly unstable and occur in Iow abundance. Root nodule NADH-GOGAT from lupine (Benny and Boland, 1977), common bean (Chen and Cullimore, 1988, 1989), and alfalfa (Anderson et al., 1989) has been isolated and characterized, and its activity has been found to increase markedly during ...
... NAD(P)H-GOGATare highly unstable and occur in Iow abundance. Root nodule NADH-GOGAT from lupine (Benny and Boland, 1977), common bean (Chen and Cullimore, 1988, 1989), and alfalfa (Anderson et al., 1989) has been isolated and characterized, and its activity has been found to increase markedly during ...
Supplementary Materials
... Figure S1. Ethanol toxicity. Growth curves for wildtype E. coli strain MG1655 in LB plus increasing concentrations of ethanol. The time at which ethanol is added is shown by an arrow. ...
... Figure S1. Ethanol toxicity. Growth curves for wildtype E. coli strain MG1655 in LB plus increasing concentrations of ethanol. The time at which ethanol is added is shown by an arrow. ...
A differential response element for the homeotics at the Antennapedia P1 promoter of Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 7420-7424 .pdf
... The distinct developmental functions of the homeoproteins presumably result from differences in target gene regulation: either they regulate different target genes or they regulate the same target genes differently. Such regulatory differences could be due to use of different regulatory elements (ta ...
... The distinct developmental functions of the homeoproteins presumably result from differences in target gene regulation: either they regulate different target genes or they regulate the same target genes differently. Such regulatory differences could be due to use of different regulatory elements (ta ...
Akashi_Gojobori.PNAS02
... patterns of amino acid composition in bacterial cells. Amino acid biosynthesis requires diversion of chemical intermediates from different locations in the fueling reaction pathways of central metabolism. Energy, in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds (‘‘⬃P’’) and reducing power (‘‘H’’), is lost ...
... patterns of amino acid composition in bacterial cells. Amino acid biosynthesis requires diversion of chemical intermediates from different locations in the fueling reaction pathways of central metabolism. Energy, in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds (‘‘⬃P’’) and reducing power (‘‘H’’), is lost ...
Chapter 14b
... converted to hexoses (F6P) and triose (GAP). Two enzymes are involved. 1. Transketolase that adds and/or subtracts C2 units: C5 + C5 ↔ C3 + C7 2. Transaldolase that adds and/or subtracts C3 units: C3 + C7 ↔ C6 + C4 Transketolase has a TPP co-factor which carries the C2-unit from one sugar to another ...
... converted to hexoses (F6P) and triose (GAP). Two enzymes are involved. 1. Transketolase that adds and/or subtracts C2 units: C5 + C5 ↔ C3 + C7 2. Transaldolase that adds and/or subtracts C3 units: C3 + C7 ↔ C6 + C4 Transketolase has a TPP co-factor which carries the C2-unit from one sugar to another ...
... Mycobacterial factors that allow inhibit phagolysosomal destruction and bacterial surviving into host macrophages remains elusive, therefore the studies of proteins and pathways involved in these specific evasion mechanisms during mycobacterial infections represent a challenge for understanding of M ...
Aromatic Amino Acid Hydroxylase Genes and
... to tyrosine, shares physical, structural and catalytic properties with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) that catalyze the rate-limiting steps in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin. Because these neurotransmitter systems have all ...
... to tyrosine, shares physical, structural and catalytic properties with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) that catalyze the rate-limiting steps in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin. Because these neurotransmitter systems have all ...
Determination of Optimal Glucose Concentrations
... source for this research.2 The STA gene used was cloned from a wild type S. diastaticus DS101.3 When a heterologous gene is cloned into yeast, a promoter of the heterologous gene may usefully be replaced by a yeast promoter. Regulated promoters which control gene expression ...
... source for this research.2 The STA gene used was cloned from a wild type S. diastaticus DS101.3 When a heterologous gene is cloned into yeast, a promoter of the heterologous gene may usefully be replaced by a yeast promoter. Regulated promoters which control gene expression ...
Systembiologische Ansätze zur Erforschung des Metabolismus
... (cooperation with Maria Mittag, Jena) • Circadian rhythm was taken into account by three distinct phases (i.e., sets of conditions) • In day-phase, ATP and NADH are sufficiently available, thus set to external status • In first phase of night, ATP and NADH need to be balanced (are internal), while t ...
... (cooperation with Maria Mittag, Jena) • Circadian rhythm was taken into account by three distinct phases (i.e., sets of conditions) • In day-phase, ATP and NADH are sufficiently available, thus set to external status • In first phase of night, ATP and NADH need to be balanced (are internal), while t ...
Intrinsic Disorder in Cell-signaling and Cancer
... whether the results were presented as percentages of proteins (Figure 1(a)) or as percentages of residues (Figure 1(b)). The percentages of proteins (^ two standard errors) with 30 or more consecutive residues predicted to be disordered were 79(^ 5)% for HCAP, 66(^ 6)% for AfCS, 47(^ 4)% for EU_SW, ...
... whether the results were presented as percentages of proteins (Figure 1(a)) or as percentages of residues (Figure 1(b)). The percentages of proteins (^ two standard errors) with 30 or more consecutive residues predicted to be disordered were 79(^ 5)% for HCAP, 66(^ 6)% for AfCS, 47(^ 4)% for EU_SW, ...
... the mechanisms leading to liver steatosis and further transition to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) still remains elusive. There is no simple solution to understand the multi-factorial nature of NAFLD appearance and progression, presumably due to the nonlinear interactions of those factors. Abno ...
Chapter 3 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
... molecules are formed from the original • During mitotic cell division, one complete copy will be given to new cell while one is retained in original cell • Process is called semiconservative replication because each new double-stranded DNA is composed of one old strand and one new strand ...
... molecules are formed from the original • During mitotic cell division, one complete copy will be given to new cell while one is retained in original cell • Process is called semiconservative replication because each new double-stranded DNA is composed of one old strand and one new strand ...
OPTIMIZER: a web server for optimizing the codon usage of DNA
... of a genome. This is the method we have used to detect which bacterial species are under translational selection. For each bacterial complete genome available, we made a correspondence analysis using the Relative Synonymous Codon Usage (RSCU) values of all the genes of a genome. To automate the anal ...
... of a genome. This is the method we have used to detect which bacterial species are under translational selection. For each bacterial complete genome available, we made a correspondence analysis using the Relative Synonymous Codon Usage (RSCU) values of all the genes of a genome. To automate the anal ...
Visualization of RNA molecules using VMD
... for large biological macromolecules: proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and membrane structures. It runs on most Unix systems, Apple Mac OS X and MS Windows. In addition to visualisation VMD's key features are visualisation of dynamic molecular data, visualisation of volumetric data, interactive molecu ...
... for large biological macromolecules: proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and membrane structures. It runs on most Unix systems, Apple Mac OS X and MS Windows. In addition to visualisation VMD's key features are visualisation of dynamic molecular data, visualisation of volumetric data, interactive molecu ...
Improved metabolic process control by analysis of genetic clone
... chemical environment of high productivity and metabolic efficiency, and the tool to do this is using intelligent process control. The challenge we face is that the genetic background of every producing cell line is unique, and their response to one process scenario and its control may be very differ ...
... chemical environment of high productivity and metabolic efficiency, and the tool to do this is using intelligent process control. The challenge we face is that the genetic background of every producing cell line is unique, and their response to one process scenario and its control may be very differ ...
Table xx - Hindawi
... Salmonella infection both lines show down regulation of this pathway. After 24 h infection with Salmonella this subpathway shows a higher expression in line B compared to line A. From these results it cannot be concluded whether both lines react similarly or the reaction differs between the lines. A ...
... Salmonella infection both lines show down regulation of this pathway. After 24 h infection with Salmonella this subpathway shows a higher expression in line B compared to line A. From these results it cannot be concluded whether both lines react similarly or the reaction differs between the lines. A ...
Chemically Mediated Site-Specific Proteolysis. Alteration of Protein
... of native proteins. One possible application of this new functionality includes the systematic removal of individual protein domains of putative higher order structures such that the functional contribution(s) of these structures can be dissected. Especially in complicated protein-protein complexes, ...
... of native proteins. One possible application of this new functionality includes the systematic removal of individual protein domains of putative higher order structures such that the functional contribution(s) of these structures can be dissected. Especially in complicated protein-protein complexes, ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿 - Xiamen University
... mutant repressor gene (lS) those product (yellow) cannot bind inducer. The mutant repressor therefore binds irreversibly to both operators and renders both operons uninducible. This mutation is therefore dominant. Notice that these repressor tetramers containing some mutant and some wild-type subuni ...
... mutant repressor gene (lS) those product (yellow) cannot bind inducer. The mutant repressor therefore binds irreversibly to both operators and renders both operons uninducible. This mutation is therefore dominant. Notice that these repressor tetramers containing some mutant and some wild-type subuni ...
Protein profiling of the dimorphic, pathogenic fungus,Penicillium
... filamentously (mould phase), but at body temperature (37°C), a uninucleate yeast form develops that reproduces by fission. Formation of the yeast phase appears to be a requisite for pathogenicity. To date, no genes have been identified in P. marneffei that strictly induce mould-to-yeast phase conver ...
... filamentously (mould phase), but at body temperature (37°C), a uninucleate yeast form develops that reproduces by fission. Formation of the yeast phase appears to be a requisite for pathogenicity. To date, no genes have been identified in P. marneffei that strictly induce mould-to-yeast phase conver ...
Gene regulatory network
A gene regulatory network or genetic regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of regulators thatinteract with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.The regulator can be DNA, RNA, protein and their complex. The interaction can be direct or indirect (through their transcribed RNA or translated protein).In general, each mRNA molecule goes on to make a specific protein (or set of proteins). In some cases this protein will be structural, and will accumulate at the cell membrane or within the cell to give it particular structural properties. In other cases the protein will be an enzyme, i.e., a micro-machine that catalyses a certain reaction, such as the breakdown of a food source or toxin. Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory.In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment. Thus a yeast cell, finding itself in a sugar solution, will turn on genes to make enzymes that process the sugar to alcohol. This process, which we associate with wine-making, is how the yeast cell makes its living, gaining energy to multiply, which under normal circumstances would enhance its survival prospects.In multicellular animals the same principle has been put in the service of gene cascades that control body-shape. Each time a cell divides, two cells result which, although they contain the same genome in full, can differ in which genes are turned on and making proteins. Sometimes a 'self-sustaining feedback loop' ensures that a cell maintains its identity and passes it on. Less understood is the mechanism of epigenetics by which chromatin modification may provide cellular memory by blocking or allowing transcription. A major feature of multicellular animals is the use of morphogen gradients, which in effect provide a positioning system that tells a cell where in the body it is, and hence what sort of cell to become. A gene that is turned on in one cell may make a product that leaves the cell and diffuses through adjacent cells, entering them and turning on genes only when it is present above a certain threshold level. These cells are thus induced into a new fate, and may even generate other morphogens that signal back to the original cell. Over longer distances morphogens may use the active process of signal transduction. Such signalling controls embryogenesis, the building of a body plan from scratch through a series of sequential steps. They also control and maintain adult bodies through feedback processes, and the loss of such feedback because of a mutation can be responsible for the cell proliferation that is seen in cancer. In parallel with this process of building structure, the gene cascade turns on genes that make structural proteins that give each cell the physical properties it needs.It has been suggested that, because biological molecular interactions are intrinsically stochastic, gene networks are the result of cellular processes and not their cause (i.e. cellular Darwinism). However, recent experimental evidence has favored the attractor view of cell fates.