Differential expression of vasa homologue gene in the germ cells
... showed that vasa RNA was present even in full-grown oocytes, ovulated eggs and embryos at the 4-cell stage (Fig. 4). This continuous presence of vas RNA suggests that vas transcript can be supplied maternally. In male tilapia, A-type spermatogonia including stem type cells are the only germ cells pr ...
... showed that vasa RNA was present even in full-grown oocytes, ovulated eggs and embryos at the 4-cell stage (Fig. 4). This continuous presence of vas RNA suggests that vas transcript can be supplied maternally. In male tilapia, A-type spermatogonia including stem type cells are the only germ cells pr ...
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, DUCHENNE TYPE
... oxandrolone did not produce a significant change in the average manual muscle strength score of males with DMD, as compared with placebo; however, the mean change in quantitative muscle strength was significant [Fenichel et al ...
... oxandrolone did not produce a significant change in the average manual muscle strength score of males with DMD, as compared with placebo; however, the mean change in quantitative muscle strength was significant [Fenichel et al ...
Observations on the role of nuclear medicine in molecular imaging
... There exists a general perception that molecular imaging is a new field, yet molecular nuclear medicine imaging has been in progress for decades, beginning about 50 years ago with the first use of radiolabeled iodide for thyroid imaging. Furthermore, the majority of nuclear medicine imaging procedur ...
... There exists a general perception that molecular imaging is a new field, yet molecular nuclear medicine imaging has been in progress for decades, beginning about 50 years ago with the first use of radiolabeled iodide for thyroid imaging. Furthermore, the majority of nuclear medicine imaging procedur ...
nitrogen assimilation and global regulation in escherichia coli
... variety of compounds. The biosynthetic requirement of each nitrogen-containing metabolite (how much must be synthesized) can be calculated from the chemical composition of E. coli (the amount of each component that would be obtained from complete hydrolysis of whole cells) (Table 1). The difference ...
... variety of compounds. The biosynthetic requirement of each nitrogen-containing metabolite (how much must be synthesized) can be calculated from the chemical composition of E. coli (the amount of each component that would be obtained from complete hydrolysis of whole cells) (Table 1). The difference ...
R4, a non-LTR retrotransposon specific to the
... LTR and non-LTR classes revealed only one additionalregionof similarity, a putative nucleic acid binding motif containing three cysteine (C) and one histidine (H) residues downstream of the reverse transcriptase domain. As shown in Figure 3, this CCHC motif is similar to motifs found in R1 and R2 el ...
... LTR and non-LTR classes revealed only one additionalregionof similarity, a putative nucleic acid binding motif containing three cysteine (C) and one histidine (H) residues downstream of the reverse transcriptase domain. As shown in Figure 3, this CCHC motif is similar to motifs found in R1 and R2 el ...
Title
... A protein domain is a part of protein sequence and structure that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. Each domain forms a compact three-dimensional structure and often can be independently stable and folded. Many proteins consist of several structural doma ...
... A protein domain is a part of protein sequence and structure that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. Each domain forms a compact three-dimensional structure and often can be independently stable and folded. Many proteins consist of several structural doma ...
Differential Accumulation Pattern of Met-rich beta
... Comparison of transcript levels in M. sativa and M. truncatula was performed by Northern analysis: 20 ug of total RNA from M. sativa and 10 ug of total RNA from M. truncatula was seperated on the same 1.0% agarose formaldehyde gel and subjected to gel blot analysis using a 690 bp b-zein fragment as ...
... Comparison of transcript levels in M. sativa and M. truncatula was performed by Northern analysis: 20 ug of total RNA from M. sativa and 10 ug of total RNA from M. truncatula was seperated on the same 1.0% agarose formaldehyde gel and subjected to gel blot analysis using a 690 bp b-zein fragment as ...
Computational disease gene identification
... that often present with a wide range of phenotypes and generally involve multiple aetiological mechanisms and contributing genes (1,2). In particular, the contribution of each of several genes to the complex disease state is likely to be small, and only the joint effect of several susceptibility gen ...
... that often present with a wide range of phenotypes and generally involve multiple aetiological mechanisms and contributing genes (1,2). In particular, the contribution of each of several genes to the complex disease state is likely to be small, and only the joint effect of several susceptibility gen ...
Developmental Regulation of Genes Encoding Universal Stress
... expression data and RT-PCR assays confirmed that all the S. mansoni USP genes were transcribed in at least one of the developmental life cycle stages of the helminth. Six of these genes were up-regulated in the miracidium, a free-swimming stage that is critical for transmission to the snail intermed ...
... expression data and RT-PCR assays confirmed that all the S. mansoni USP genes were transcribed in at least one of the developmental life cycle stages of the helminth. Six of these genes were up-regulated in the miracidium, a free-swimming stage that is critical for transmission to the snail intermed ...
Quantitative RT–PCR Platform to Measure Transcript Levels of C
... expression analysis, using our qRT–PCR platform, with biochemical and physiological parameters in durum wheat grown in field chambers. Elevated CO2 down-regulated the photosynthetic capacity and led to the loss of N compounds, including Rubisco; this effect was exacerbated at low N. Mechanistically, ...
... expression analysis, using our qRT–PCR platform, with biochemical and physiological parameters in durum wheat grown in field chambers. Elevated CO2 down-regulated the photosynthetic capacity and led to the loss of N compounds, including Rubisco; this effect was exacerbated at low N. Mechanistically, ...
Number 53, 2006 5 m sh4
... from the Dmsh4 mutants contain more bubble asci (Perkins and Barry, 1977) and fewer normal size asci than the control. Asci containing less than eight spores or at least one misshapen spore are common in Dmsh4 crosses, regardless of whether the mutant is the male or female parent, but rarely observe ...
... from the Dmsh4 mutants contain more bubble asci (Perkins and Barry, 1977) and fewer normal size asci than the control. Asci containing less than eight spores or at least one misshapen spore are common in Dmsh4 crosses, regardless of whether the mutant is the male or female parent, but rarely observe ...
Accuracy of protein flexibility predictions
... is important for catalysis, binding, and allostery. Flexibility has been predicted from amino acid sequence with a sliding window averaging technique and applied primarily to epitope search. New prediction parameters were derived from 92 refined protein structures in an unbiased selection of the Pro ...
... is important for catalysis, binding, and allostery. Flexibility has been predicted from amino acid sequence with a sliding window averaging technique and applied primarily to epitope search. New prediction parameters were derived from 92 refined protein structures in an unbiased selection of the Pro ...
Figure 1 - York College of Pennsylvania
... Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a Proposed Model Organism to Study The Expression of Ankyrin-3 and its Link to Bipolar Disorder http://zdmsociety.org/zebrafish-and-human-disease/ ...
... Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a Proposed Model Organism to Study The Expression of Ankyrin-3 and its Link to Bipolar Disorder http://zdmsociety.org/zebrafish-and-human-disease/ ...
chapter 17 notes
... • Is catalyzed by RNA polymerase, which pries the DNA strands apart and hooks together the RNA nucleotides • Follows the same base-pairing rules as DNA, except that in RNA, uracil substitutes for ...
... • Is catalyzed by RNA polymerase, which pries the DNA strands apart and hooks together the RNA nucleotides • Follows the same base-pairing rules as DNA, except that in RNA, uracil substitutes for ...
Transcriptome and metabolite profiling the infection cycle of
... IPO323) and demonstrated that the majority were strongly expressed during the necrotrophic phase. Yang et al. (2013) investigated both pathogen and host at two time points during the initial symptomless interaction (4- and 10-dpi) and at the onset of first symptoms (the transitional phase) which occ ...
... IPO323) and demonstrated that the majority were strongly expressed during the necrotrophic phase. Yang et al. (2013) investigated both pathogen and host at two time points during the initial symptomless interaction (4- and 10-dpi) and at the onset of first symptoms (the transitional phase) which occ ...
Identification and Developmental Expression of a Novel Low
... The second was a polyclonal antibody made in rabbit against human glial fibrillary acidic protein (aGFAP) (Raff et al., 1979). This antiserum has been shown to cross-react with two intermediate filament proteins of X. laevis glial cells (Szaro and Gainer, 1988b). Western blots. Protein samples enric ...
... The second was a polyclonal antibody made in rabbit against human glial fibrillary acidic protein (aGFAP) (Raff et al., 1979). This antiserum has been shown to cross-react with two intermediate filament proteins of X. laevis glial cells (Szaro and Gainer, 1988b). Western blots. Protein samples enric ...
Evolutionary Relationships and Protein Domain Architecture in an
... al. 1999). We show the presence of a large and diverse family of calpain-like proteins in all three organisms, often organized in syntenic gene clusters. The data provide further evidence for the hypothesis that calpains evolved as a result of modular gene fusion events. The presence of numerous cal ...
... al. 1999). We show the presence of a large and diverse family of calpain-like proteins in all three organisms, often organized in syntenic gene clusters. The data provide further evidence for the hypothesis that calpains evolved as a result of modular gene fusion events. The presence of numerous cal ...
PPT
... frameshift site between ORF1 (93 AAs) and ORF 2 (92 AAs) in S. cerevisiae and also many other yeast species. The frameshift site has the slippery sequence 5´-CUU AGU U-3´. AGU is encoded by a low abundance tRNA (sometimes referred to as a “hungry codon”), which frequently induces a ribosomal pau ...
... frameshift site between ORF1 (93 AAs) and ORF 2 (92 AAs) in S. cerevisiae and also many other yeast species. The frameshift site has the slippery sequence 5´-CUU AGU U-3´. AGU is encoded by a low abundance tRNA (sometimes referred to as a “hungry codon”), which frequently induces a ribosomal pau ...
XIST
... The structure and function of the murine X-inactivation center (Xic). (A) The X-inactivation center and regulatory elements. The genes Xist and Tsix have been shown to regulate the silencing step and choice, respectively, during Xinactivation. Neighboring genes, Tsx, Brx and Cdx, are also shown. Pr ...
... The structure and function of the murine X-inactivation center (Xic). (A) The X-inactivation center and regulatory elements. The genes Xist and Tsix have been shown to regulate the silencing step and choice, respectively, during Xinactivation. Neighboring genes, Tsx, Brx and Cdx, are also shown. Pr ...
- Wiley Online Library
... They comprise endo-1,4-b-D-xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8), which generate xylo-oligosaccharides (Table S4). The degradation of xylooligosaccharides is mediated by b-D-xylosidases, whereas elimination of the side groups is catalysed by a-L-arabinofuranosidases, a-D-glucuronidases, acetylxylanesterases, ferul ...
... They comprise endo-1,4-b-D-xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8), which generate xylo-oligosaccharides (Table S4). The degradation of xylooligosaccharides is mediated by b-D-xylosidases, whereas elimination of the side groups is catalysed by a-L-arabinofuranosidases, a-D-glucuronidases, acetylxylanesterases, ferul ...
C7orf30 is necessary for biogenesis of the large
... Figure 1. Properties of the NTase-like fold of C7orf30. (A) Multiple protein sequence alignment of the DUF143 domain. Protein sequence of the DUF143 domain (PFAM: PF02410) of E. coli YbeB (Genbank Accession No. NP_752658), Z. mays iojap (Genbank Accession No. NP_001105495), S. cerevisiae Atp25p (Gen ...
... Figure 1. Properties of the NTase-like fold of C7orf30. (A) Multiple protein sequence alignment of the DUF143 domain. Protein sequence of the DUF143 domain (PFAM: PF02410) of E. coli YbeB (Genbank Accession No. NP_752658), Z. mays iojap (Genbank Accession No. NP_001105495), S. cerevisiae Atp25p (Gen ...
1 - Plant Research International
... Once the pathway has been outlined the next stage will be to examine sub-cellular localisation. Isolated organelles will be treated in the same way as the intact leaf and exposed to radioactive intermediates followed by extraction and HPLC analysis to establish where in the cell the different pathwa ...
... Once the pathway has been outlined the next stage will be to examine sub-cellular localisation. Isolated organelles will be treated in the same way as the intact leaf and exposed to radioactive intermediates followed by extraction and HPLC analysis to establish where in the cell the different pathwa ...
Lysines 72, 80 and 213 and aspartic acid 210 of the
... operators, thereby inhibiting transcription initiation from the lac promoter (Van Rooijen et al., 1992; R.J.Van Rooijen and W.M.De Vos, in preparation). Since in vitro studies have shown that the LacR-operator complex dissociates in the presence of tagatose-6-phosphate (R.J.Van Rooijen and W.M.De Vo ...
... operators, thereby inhibiting transcription initiation from the lac promoter (Van Rooijen et al., 1992; R.J.Van Rooijen and W.M.De Vos, in preparation). Since in vitro studies have shown that the LacR-operator complex dissociates in the presence of tagatose-6-phosphate (R.J.Van Rooijen and W.M.De Vo ...
Biochemistry Lecture 15
... • Assoc’d enz’s catalyze covalent binding (or removal) of funct’l grp to reg enz ...
... • Assoc’d enz’s catalyze covalent binding (or removal) of funct’l grp to reg enz ...
Pectin Modification in Cell Walls of Ripening Tomatoes Occurs in
... thought to be HGAs with a low degree of methylesterification (Selvendran, 1984).Calcium ions play a major role in binding these unesterified pectins together by forming Ca2+ cross-bridges between the negatively charged carboxylic acid groups of the galacturonosyl residues. The pectins of the primary ...
... thought to be HGAs with a low degree of methylesterification (Selvendran, 1984).Calcium ions play a major role in binding these unesterified pectins together by forming Ca2+ cross-bridges between the negatively charged carboxylic acid groups of the galacturonosyl residues. The pectins of the primary ...
Gene regulatory network
A gene regulatory network or genetic regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of regulators thatinteract with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.The regulator can be DNA, RNA, protein and their complex. The interaction can be direct or indirect (through their transcribed RNA or translated protein).In general, each mRNA molecule goes on to make a specific protein (or set of proteins). In some cases this protein will be structural, and will accumulate at the cell membrane or within the cell to give it particular structural properties. In other cases the protein will be an enzyme, i.e., a micro-machine that catalyses a certain reaction, such as the breakdown of a food source or toxin. Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory.In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment. Thus a yeast cell, finding itself in a sugar solution, will turn on genes to make enzymes that process the sugar to alcohol. This process, which we associate with wine-making, is how the yeast cell makes its living, gaining energy to multiply, which under normal circumstances would enhance its survival prospects.In multicellular animals the same principle has been put in the service of gene cascades that control body-shape. Each time a cell divides, two cells result which, although they contain the same genome in full, can differ in which genes are turned on and making proteins. Sometimes a 'self-sustaining feedback loop' ensures that a cell maintains its identity and passes it on. Less understood is the mechanism of epigenetics by which chromatin modification may provide cellular memory by blocking or allowing transcription. A major feature of multicellular animals is the use of morphogen gradients, which in effect provide a positioning system that tells a cell where in the body it is, and hence what sort of cell to become. A gene that is turned on in one cell may make a product that leaves the cell and diffuses through adjacent cells, entering them and turning on genes only when it is present above a certain threshold level. These cells are thus induced into a new fate, and may even generate other morphogens that signal back to the original cell. Over longer distances morphogens may use the active process of signal transduction. Such signalling controls embryogenesis, the building of a body plan from scratch through a series of sequential steps. They also control and maintain adult bodies through feedback processes, and the loss of such feedback because of a mutation can be responsible for the cell proliferation that is seen in cancer. In parallel with this process of building structure, the gene cascade turns on genes that make structural proteins that give each cell the physical properties it needs.It has been suggested that, because biological molecular interactions are intrinsically stochastic, gene networks are the result of cellular processes and not their cause (i.e. cellular Darwinism). However, recent experimental evidence has favored the attractor view of cell fates.