using the crispr/cas9 gene editing tool to develop a cure for
... parts typically function as two separate molecules, but Jennifer Doudna, a researcher at the University of California, Berkeley, was able to combine these two into one complete molecule—one that is now the most commonly used form of CRISPR [6]. The other component is the Cas9 enzyme, which binds to ...
... parts typically function as two separate molecules, but Jennifer Doudna, a researcher at the University of California, Berkeley, was able to combine these two into one complete molecule—one that is now the most commonly used form of CRISPR [6]. The other component is the Cas9 enzyme, which binds to ...
Characterisation of the novel proteins expressed in corn line 1507
... Corn (Zea mays L.) has undergone substantial genetic breeding by conventional methods over many centuries of cultivation and has been safely consumed as food and feed for thousands of years. Products derived from corn include highly processed corn grain fractions such as flour, high fructose corn sy ...
... Corn (Zea mays L.) has undergone substantial genetic breeding by conventional methods over many centuries of cultivation and has been safely consumed as food and feed for thousands of years. Products derived from corn include highly processed corn grain fractions such as flour, high fructose corn sy ...
Dreze et al, Methods Enzymol 2010
... because they contain a cryptic AD (cognate autoactivators), and (iii) nontranscription factor proteins that contain one or more cryptic ADs that are only functional as truncated fragments and not when expressed in the context of full-length proteins (de novo autoactivators). Both genuine transcripti ...
... because they contain a cryptic AD (cognate autoactivators), and (iii) nontranscription factor proteins that contain one or more cryptic ADs that are only functional as truncated fragments and not when expressed in the context of full-length proteins (de novo autoactivators). Both genuine transcripti ...
Document
... Sirt1 and CR • Several beneficial effects of CR effectuated through sirtuins • CR induces eNOS and NO, upregulating Sirt1 and mitochondrial biogenesis • Affects brain activity and indirectly physicial activity ...
... Sirt1 and CR • Several beneficial effects of CR effectuated through sirtuins • CR induces eNOS and NO, upregulating Sirt1 and mitochondrial biogenesis • Affects brain activity and indirectly physicial activity ...
Chaperone-dependent gene expression of organic
... that a lipase chaperone is necessary for the correct folding of the proteins to their enzymatically active forms [4]. Previously, we reported on an organic solvent-tolerant lipase secreted by S5, a benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene and p-xylene (BTEX) degrader strain identified as Pseudomonas aeruginos ...
... that a lipase chaperone is necessary for the correct folding of the proteins to their enzymatically active forms [4]. Previously, we reported on an organic solvent-tolerant lipase secreted by S5, a benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene and p-xylene (BTEX) degrader strain identified as Pseudomonas aeruginos ...
The importance of gluconeogenesis as an important
... occurs in the mitochondria, allosterically activated by acetyl CoA. OAA has to be transported from mitochondria to cytosol. (PyruvateOxaloacetate “OAA”) 2- PEPCK: Decarboxylation & phosphorylation reaction, requires energy (GTP), occurs in cytosol, the enzyme’s gene is induced by glucagon & repress ...
... occurs in the mitochondria, allosterically activated by acetyl CoA. OAA has to be transported from mitochondria to cytosol. (PyruvateOxaloacetate “OAA”) 2- PEPCK: Decarboxylation & phosphorylation reaction, requires energy (GTP), occurs in cytosol, the enzyme’s gene is induced by glucagon & repress ...
Exploring Mouse Protein Function via Multiple Approaches
... Recent advances in sequencing technology have identified a large number of proteins that perform a wide variety of functions in cellular activities. Knowledge of protein function is crucial to understanding the mechanisms behind cellular processes and preventing and treating disease. However, most o ...
... Recent advances in sequencing technology have identified a large number of proteins that perform a wide variety of functions in cellular activities. Knowledge of protein function is crucial to understanding the mechanisms behind cellular processes and preventing and treating disease. However, most o ...
Yeast lipid metabolism at a glance
... serve as an energy reservoir in triacylglycerols (TG) and steryl esters (SE) stored in LD. FA can also function as transcriptional regulators and signaling molecules and can be involved in post-translational modification of proteins. Free fatty acids (FFA) are carboxylic acids with hydrocarbon tails ...
... serve as an energy reservoir in triacylglycerols (TG) and steryl esters (SE) stored in LD. FA can also function as transcriptional regulators and signaling molecules and can be involved in post-translational modification of proteins. Free fatty acids (FFA) are carboxylic acids with hydrocarbon tails ...
030626 Mitochondrial Respiratory
... their own DNA (called mtDNA) and their own machinery for synthesizing RNA and proteins. There are hundreds or thousands of mitochondria per cell, and each contains approximately five mitochondrial genomes. Because mtDNA has only 37 genes, most of the approximately 900 gene products in the organelle ...
... their own DNA (called mtDNA) and their own machinery for synthesizing RNA and proteins. There are hundreds or thousands of mitochondria per cell, and each contains approximately five mitochondrial genomes. Because mtDNA has only 37 genes, most of the approximately 900 gene products in the organelle ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e
... during meiosis. A haplotype contributes to the mapping of genes within a species. The correct answer is a— C. Answer c is incorrect. Transposons, or transposable elements, are regions of DNA that are capable of changing their location within the genome. The correct answer is a— D. Answer d is incorr ...
... during meiosis. A haplotype contributes to the mapping of genes within a species. The correct answer is a— C. Answer c is incorrect. Transposons, or transposable elements, are regions of DNA that are capable of changing their location within the genome. The correct answer is a— D. Answer d is incorr ...
Accurate Prediction of Contact Numbers for Multi
... identity (25%) was used in the current study; however, such low sequence identity alone might not be sufficient to exclude homology among protein chains. In fact, substantial remote homology could still exist at this level placing HMPs in the same structural superfamily.37 Such remote homology between ...
... identity (25%) was used in the current study; however, such low sequence identity alone might not be sufficient to exclude homology among protein chains. In fact, substantial remote homology could still exist at this level placing HMPs in the same structural superfamily.37 Such remote homology between ...
Evolution and Function of the Plant Cell Wall
... elements required for GAUT1 function. The results show that the GAUTs, GATLs, and GATRs have a different evolutionary origin than other plant GT8 genes, were likely acquired from an ancient cyanobacterium (Synechococcus) progenitor, and separate into unique subclades that may indicate functional spe ...
... elements required for GAUT1 function. The results show that the GAUTs, GATLs, and GATRs have a different evolutionary origin than other plant GT8 genes, were likely acquired from an ancient cyanobacterium (Synechococcus) progenitor, and separate into unique subclades that may indicate functional spe ...
Mitochondrial protein acetylation regulates metabolism
... group to the ε-amino group of lysine residues that occurs on a wide array of proteins. This simple modification neutralizes the positive charge of the lysine residue, potentially altering its propensity to interact with nearby amino acids or other proteins. In this way, acetylation can influence mul ...
... group to the ε-amino group of lysine residues that occurs on a wide array of proteins. This simple modification neutralizes the positive charge of the lysine residue, potentially altering its propensity to interact with nearby amino acids or other proteins. In this way, acetylation can influence mul ...
Investigating the link between tRNA and mRNA - EMBL-EBI
... This thesis summarises my research into the control of the abundance of trnas by individual trna gene expression changes in mammalian organisms. I will show that trna gene expression is subject to tight regulation, and that the abundance of trna molecules is thus kept highly stable even across vastl ...
... This thesis summarises my research into the control of the abundance of trnas by individual trna gene expression changes in mammalian organisms. I will show that trna gene expression is subject to tight regulation, and that the abundance of trna molecules is thus kept highly stable even across vastl ...
C-terminal Truncation of p21H Preserves Crucial Kinetic and
... T4 DNA Ligase,polynucleotide kinase, and dNTPswere from Boehringer Mannheim, Federal Republic of Germany. The above reagents were used as described in the laboratory manual of Maniatis et al. (18).Transformation was done according to themethod of Hanahan (19) with frozen cells or according to theCaC ...
... T4 DNA Ligase,polynucleotide kinase, and dNTPswere from Boehringer Mannheim, Federal Republic of Germany. The above reagents were used as described in the laboratory manual of Maniatis et al. (18).Transformation was done according to themethod of Hanahan (19) with frozen cells or according to theCaC ...
as a PDF
... The B. subtilis trpEDCFBA operon contains six of the seven genes that are required for the biosynthesis of tryptophan from chorismic acid, the common aromatic amino acid precursor (Fig. 1). The trp operon is present within a histidine and aromatic amino acid supraoperon. In addition to the trp opero ...
... The B. subtilis trpEDCFBA operon contains six of the seven genes that are required for the biosynthesis of tryptophan from chorismic acid, the common aromatic amino acid precursor (Fig. 1). The trp operon is present within a histidine and aromatic amino acid supraoperon. In addition to the trp opero ...
GENE EXPRESSION SIGNATURES IN TREE SHREW RETINA
... slowing ocular elongation. This dissertation examined gene expression signatures in the retina, RPE, and choroid under GO and STOP conditions to examine the signaling that occurs in these compartments of the direct emmetropization pathway. Specific Aim 1 examined gene expression signatures in the re ...
... slowing ocular elongation. This dissertation examined gene expression signatures in the retina, RPE, and choroid under GO and STOP conditions to examine the signaling that occurs in these compartments of the direct emmetropization pathway. Specific Aim 1 examined gene expression signatures in the re ...
Arctigenin Efficiently Enhanced Sedentary Mice Treadmill
... 29]. Since AMPK activation by actual exercise or pharmacological treatment could lead to up-regulation of PGC-1a gene expression [30,31], we investigated the potential effects of arctigenin on PGC1a mRNA level in both H9C2 and C2C12 cells. Compared with DMSO-treated group, arctigenin incubation coul ...
... 29]. Since AMPK activation by actual exercise or pharmacological treatment could lead to up-regulation of PGC-1a gene expression [30,31], we investigated the potential effects of arctigenin on PGC1a mRNA level in both H9C2 and C2C12 cells. Compared with DMSO-treated group, arctigenin incubation coul ...
Nonribosomal peptide synthesis in Aspergillus
... been identified in fungi (14 in Aspergillus fumigatus). LeaA, a methyltransferase, is involved in secondary metabolite gene cluster regulation in Aspergillus spp. The NRP synthetases GliP and FtmA respectively direct the biosynthesis of the toxic metabolites gliotoxin and brevianamide F, a precursor ...
... been identified in fungi (14 in Aspergillus fumigatus). LeaA, a methyltransferase, is involved in secondary metabolite gene cluster regulation in Aspergillus spp. The NRP synthetases GliP and FtmA respectively direct the biosynthesis of the toxic metabolites gliotoxin and brevianamide F, a precursor ...
manualE6901
... E. coli strain ER2566 ER2566 is provided as a host strain for the expression of a target gene cloned into the IMPACT vectors. ER2566 carries a chromosomal copy of the T7 RNA polymerase gene inserted into the lacZ gene, and thus is under the control of the lac promoter. The strain is deficient in bo ...
... E. coli strain ER2566 ER2566 is provided as a host strain for the expression of a target gene cloned into the IMPACT vectors. ER2566 carries a chromosomal copy of the T7 RNA polymerase gene inserted into the lacZ gene, and thus is under the control of the lac promoter. The strain is deficient in bo ...
Characterization of Rice Anthranilate Synthase
... Anthranilate synthase (AS) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of tryptophan (Trp), indole-3-acetic acid, and indole alkaloids. Two genes, OASA1 and OASA2, encoding AS ␣-subunits were isolated from a monocotyledonous plant, rice (Oryza sativa cv Nipponbare), and were characterized. A phylogenetic tree ...
... Anthranilate synthase (AS) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of tryptophan (Trp), indole-3-acetic acid, and indole alkaloids. Two genes, OASA1 and OASA2, encoding AS ␣-subunits were isolated from a monocotyledonous plant, rice (Oryza sativa cv Nipponbare), and were characterized. A phylogenetic tree ...
Gene Expression
... results. Real-time PCR assays with β2-Microglobulin (β2M) were performed in seven tenfold serial dilutions of the same in-vitro transcribed human RNA. Each assay was performed in triplicate on a LightCycler® 2.0 Instrument. The LightCycler® FastStart DNA MasterPLUS Hybridization Probes was used for ...
... results. Real-time PCR assays with β2-Microglobulin (β2M) were performed in seven tenfold serial dilutions of the same in-vitro transcribed human RNA. Each assay was performed in triplicate on a LightCycler® 2.0 Instrument. The LightCycler® FastStart DNA MasterPLUS Hybridization Probes was used for ...
Pathogenesis and phylogenetic analyses of canine distemper virus
... China field isolates. A high degree of identity was detected among all studied China wild-type strains, which were separated from the vaccine strains from GenBank. The connected aspartic amide N glycosylation site potentially is a spotlight in H proteins between vaccine and wild strains of CDV. Usua ...
... China field isolates. A high degree of identity was detected among all studied China wild-type strains, which were separated from the vaccine strains from GenBank. The connected aspartic amide N glycosylation site potentially is a spotlight in H proteins between vaccine and wild strains of CDV. Usua ...
Retina-Specific Expression of 5A11/Basigin-2, a
... primer and a gene-specific primer, Bsgex2RV (5⬘-GCAGGTAAACTGTGTTTTGGAGTTGAC), that anneals within exon 2 of the Basigin gene in the antisense direction. PCR conditions were as follows: 96°C for 5 minutes, followed by 30 cycles of 96°C for 1 minute, 55°C for 1 minute, and 72°C for 3 minutes. All spec ...
... primer and a gene-specific primer, Bsgex2RV (5⬘-GCAGGTAAACTGTGTTTTGGAGTTGAC), that anneals within exon 2 of the Basigin gene in the antisense direction. PCR conditions were as follows: 96°C for 5 minutes, followed by 30 cycles of 96°C for 1 minute, 55°C for 1 minute, and 72°C for 3 minutes. All spec ...
Stringent Response in Myxococcus xanthus
... How do we test to see if DK527is really a relA- mutant? ...
... How do we test to see if DK527is really a relA- mutant? ...
Gene regulatory network
A gene regulatory network or genetic regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of regulators thatinteract with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.The regulator can be DNA, RNA, protein and their complex. The interaction can be direct or indirect (through their transcribed RNA or translated protein).In general, each mRNA molecule goes on to make a specific protein (or set of proteins). In some cases this protein will be structural, and will accumulate at the cell membrane or within the cell to give it particular structural properties. In other cases the protein will be an enzyme, i.e., a micro-machine that catalyses a certain reaction, such as the breakdown of a food source or toxin. Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory.In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment. Thus a yeast cell, finding itself in a sugar solution, will turn on genes to make enzymes that process the sugar to alcohol. This process, which we associate with wine-making, is how the yeast cell makes its living, gaining energy to multiply, which under normal circumstances would enhance its survival prospects.In multicellular animals the same principle has been put in the service of gene cascades that control body-shape. Each time a cell divides, two cells result which, although they contain the same genome in full, can differ in which genes are turned on and making proteins. Sometimes a 'self-sustaining feedback loop' ensures that a cell maintains its identity and passes it on. Less understood is the mechanism of epigenetics by which chromatin modification may provide cellular memory by blocking or allowing transcription. A major feature of multicellular animals is the use of morphogen gradients, which in effect provide a positioning system that tells a cell where in the body it is, and hence what sort of cell to become. A gene that is turned on in one cell may make a product that leaves the cell and diffuses through adjacent cells, entering them and turning on genes only when it is present above a certain threshold level. These cells are thus induced into a new fate, and may even generate other morphogens that signal back to the original cell. Over longer distances morphogens may use the active process of signal transduction. Such signalling controls embryogenesis, the building of a body plan from scratch through a series of sequential steps. They also control and maintain adult bodies through feedback processes, and the loss of such feedback because of a mutation can be responsible for the cell proliferation that is seen in cancer. In parallel with this process of building structure, the gene cascade turns on genes that make structural proteins that give each cell the physical properties it needs.It has been suggested that, because biological molecular interactions are intrinsically stochastic, gene networks are the result of cellular processes and not their cause (i.e. cellular Darwinism). However, recent experimental evidence has favored the attractor view of cell fates.