Chapter 17 - Gene to Protein
... Working with the mold Neurospora crassa, George Beadle and Edward Tatum had isolated mutants requiring arginine in their growth medium and had shown genetically that these mutants fell into three classes, each defective in a different gene. From other considerations, they suspected that the metaboli ...
... Working with the mold Neurospora crassa, George Beadle and Edward Tatum had isolated mutants requiring arginine in their growth medium and had shown genetically that these mutants fell into three classes, each defective in a different gene. From other considerations, they suspected that the metaboli ...
Protein methylation at the surface and buried deep
... Although most protein lysine methyltransferases are SETdomain family members [4,9], there is an increasing number of seven-beta-strand enzymes being reported that catalyze similar reactions [16–19]. These enzymes result in the formation of monomethyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyllysine residues. Some e ...
... Although most protein lysine methyltransferases are SETdomain family members [4,9], there is an increasing number of seven-beta-strand enzymes being reported that catalyze similar reactions [16–19]. These enzymes result in the formation of monomethyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyllysine residues. Some e ...
video slide - Fayetteville State University
... Working with the mold Neurospora crassa, George Beadle and Edward Tatum had isolated mutants requiring arginine in their growth medium and had shown genetically that these mutants fell into three classes, each defective in a different gene. From other considerations, they suspected that the metaboli ...
... Working with the mold Neurospora crassa, George Beadle and Edward Tatum had isolated mutants requiring arginine in their growth medium and had shown genetically that these mutants fell into three classes, each defective in a different gene. From other considerations, they suspected that the metaboli ...
- CSHL Institutional Repository
... dynamic and coordinated interactions at the tunnel exit. Exclusively, NAC was associated with the majority of ribosomes regardless of their translational status. All other RPBs occupied only ribosomal subpopulations, binding with increased apparent affinity to randomly translating ribosomes as compa ...
... dynamic and coordinated interactions at the tunnel exit. Exclusively, NAC was associated with the majority of ribosomes regardless of their translational status. All other RPBs occupied only ribosomal subpopulations, binding with increased apparent affinity to randomly translating ribosomes as compa ...
Bluetongue Virus Capsid Assembly and Maturation
... Members of the family Reoviridae, which include BTV and other orbiviruses, are characterized by their unique genome of 10–12 segments of linear, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). These separate segments facilitate the generation of 10–13 viral proteins. Virions are comprised of non-enveloped, icosahedral ...
... Members of the family Reoviridae, which include BTV and other orbiviruses, are characterized by their unique genome of 10–12 segments of linear, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). These separate segments facilitate the generation of 10–13 viral proteins. Virions are comprised of non-enveloped, icosahedral ...
N x C (N-2)
... probably come from the RER because the vesicle contains a few integral proteins, called peroxins, see later). (2) The proteins are completely synthesized in the cytosol and are then imported into the peroxisome membrane or matrix. In other words, protein import into peroxisomes is post-translational ...
... probably come from the RER because the vesicle contains a few integral proteins, called peroxins, see later). (2) The proteins are completely synthesized in the cytosol and are then imported into the peroxisome membrane or matrix. In other words, protein import into peroxisomes is post-translational ...
Transcription (genetics)
... to form a double helix DNA structure. This cDNA is integrated into the host cell's genome via another enzyme (integrase) causing the host cell to generate viral proteins which reassemble into new viral particles. Subsequently, the host cell undergoes programmed cell death, apoptosis. Some eukaryotic ...
... to form a double helix DNA structure. This cDNA is integrated into the host cell's genome via another enzyme (integrase) causing the host cell to generate viral proteins which reassemble into new viral particles. Subsequently, the host cell undergoes programmed cell death, apoptosis. Some eukaryotic ...
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
... was extracted from amaranth, had less protein than in the soybean fraction. The main group of albumins has a molecular mass below 18 kDa, and the second has a mass between 45 and 50 kDa. Electrophoretic patterns of albumin-2 fractions showed that the main protein subunits were concentrated in (kDa): ...
... was extracted from amaranth, had less protein than in the soybean fraction. The main group of albumins has a molecular mass below 18 kDa, and the second has a mass between 45 and 50 kDa. Electrophoretic patterns of albumin-2 fractions showed that the main protein subunits were concentrated in (kDa): ...
Exploring the Effects of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection on Host
... proteins encoded by late genes have a variety of functions but include many structural proteins involved in virion assembly12. After assembling, the newly-created virion exits the cell and is ready to infect other cells, typically between 72-96 hours post infection12. ...
... proteins encoded by late genes have a variety of functions but include many structural proteins involved in virion assembly12. After assembling, the newly-created virion exits the cell and is ready to infect other cells, typically between 72-96 hours post infection12. ...
Darnell, JC, Warren, ST and Darnell, RB: The fragile X mental retardation protein, FMRP, recognizes G-quartets. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 10:49-52 (2004).
... of the amino acid element RGG (the RGG-box). Initial work on hnRNP-K had revealed a role for this protein in the regulation of translational control of a specific RNA target, the 15-lipoxygenase mRNA expressed in erythrocytes [Ostareck et al., 1997]. As FMRP is found predominantly in the cytoplasm of ...
... of the amino acid element RGG (the RGG-box). Initial work on hnRNP-K had revealed a role for this protein in the regulation of translational control of a specific RNA target, the 15-lipoxygenase mRNA expressed in erythrocytes [Ostareck et al., 1997]. As FMRP is found predominantly in the cytoplasm of ...
Recombinant N-terminal Nucleotide
... halves, each containing up to six putative membrane-spanning a-helices and one cytoplasmically sided nucleotide-binding domain with characteristic Walker motifs A and B (7). P-glycoprotein structural organization is typical of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC)1 superfamily including yeast (8) and proto ...
... halves, each containing up to six putative membrane-spanning a-helices and one cytoplasmically sided nucleotide-binding domain with characteristic Walker motifs A and B (7). P-glycoprotein structural organization is typical of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC)1 superfamily including yeast (8) and proto ...
Improving protein fold recognition with hybrid
... best approach for protein fold recognition. Besides these methods solely based on sequence, some authors have proposed structure-based fold recognition methods called ‘threading’ (Bowie et al., 1991; Jones et al., 1992). The principle of threading is to assess the compatibility between the target se ...
... best approach for protein fold recognition. Besides these methods solely based on sequence, some authors have proposed structure-based fold recognition methods called ‘threading’ (Bowie et al., 1991; Jones et al., 1992). The principle of threading is to assess the compatibility between the target se ...
Statistical analysis of DNA microarray data
... structure atomic representation of the protein template in fold recognition. Today, the terms threading and fold recognition are frequently (though somewhat incorrectly) used interchangeably. The basic idea is that the target sequence (the protein sequence for which the structure is being predicted) ...
... structure atomic representation of the protein template in fold recognition. Today, the terms threading and fold recognition are frequently (though somewhat incorrectly) used interchangeably. The basic idea is that the target sequence (the protein sequence for which the structure is being predicted) ...
Natalia Gromak, Alexis Rideau,
... two-hybrid screens by its interactions with the cytoskeletal proteins actinin and vinculin, and was also found to interact with PTB. Consistent with these interactions raver1 can be localized in either the nucleus or cytoplasm. Here we show that raver1 is able to promote the smooth muscle-speci®c al ...
... two-hybrid screens by its interactions with the cytoskeletal proteins actinin and vinculin, and was also found to interact with PTB. Consistent with these interactions raver1 can be localized in either the nucleus or cytoplasm. Here we show that raver1 is able to promote the smooth muscle-speci®c al ...
Protein Quality Control along the Route to the Plant Vacuole
... secretory pathway (Shewry et al., 1995; Vitale and Bollini, 1995). Quaternary structure is the major determinant of the resistance of 7 s and 11s storage proteins to proteolysis (Deshpande and Damodaran, 1989; Dickinson et al., 1989; Ceriotti et al., 1991). Such resistance is probably necessary for ...
... secretory pathway (Shewry et al., 1995; Vitale and Bollini, 1995). Quaternary structure is the major determinant of the resistance of 7 s and 11s storage proteins to proteolysis (Deshpande and Damodaran, 1989; Dickinson et al., 1989; Ceriotti et al., 1991). Such resistance is probably necessary for ...
Document
... DNA mRNA tRNA protein 1. The process of going from DNA to mRNA is transcription. 2. The process of going from mRNA to protein is translation. ...
... DNA mRNA tRNA protein 1. The process of going from DNA to mRNA is transcription. 2. The process of going from mRNA to protein is translation. ...
The Calcium-Binding Activity of a Vacuole
... sites. The levels of calcium binding proteins may have a significant impact on signaling processes and may regulate second messenger transmission (Camacho and Lechleiter, 1995; Mery et al., 1996; Coppolino et al., 1997). In an alternative role, calcium-dependent interactions of calnexin and calretic ...
... sites. The levels of calcium binding proteins may have a significant impact on signaling processes and may regulate second messenger transmission (Camacho and Lechleiter, 1995; Mery et al., 1996; Coppolino et al., 1997). In an alternative role, calcium-dependent interactions of calnexin and calretic ...
Chapter 9: Introns and the RNA World
... had an intron–exon structure. The RNA genetic material consisted of RNA exons held together by self-splicing RNA introns, either group I or group II introns, both of which functions are catalyzed by RNA molecules acting as ribozymes. In this picture, the RNA genetic material would have an extended, ...
... had an intron–exon structure. The RNA genetic material consisted of RNA exons held together by self-splicing RNA introns, either group I or group II introns, both of which functions are catalyzed by RNA molecules acting as ribozymes. In this picture, the RNA genetic material would have an extended, ...
Serial Endosymbiotic Theory
... novel proteins, bi-functional exapted proteins, or N- and C-terminal extensions of existing proteins (O’Brien 2002; Smits et al. 2007). The function of all ribosomes is essentially identical and it should not be surprising that there are “conserved” (used here to denote similar RNA and amino acid se ...
... novel proteins, bi-functional exapted proteins, or N- and C-terminal extensions of existing proteins (O’Brien 2002; Smits et al. 2007). The function of all ribosomes is essentially identical and it should not be surprising that there are “conserved” (used here to denote similar RNA and amino acid se ...
Serial Endosymbiotic Theory
... 30S small subunit (ssu) composed of 1540 nucleotides of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and 21 proteins, and a 50S large subunit (lsu) composed of 23S and 5S rRNA (2800 nucleotides), and 31 proteins (Cannone et al. 2002; Garrett and Grisham 1999). The small (30S) and large (50S) subunits assemble to form a ...
... 30S small subunit (ssu) composed of 1540 nucleotides of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and 21 proteins, and a 50S large subunit (lsu) composed of 23S and 5S rRNA (2800 nucleotides), and 31 proteins (Cannone et al. 2002; Garrett and Grisham 1999). The small (30S) and large (50S) subunits assemble to form a ...
AtCHIP functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase of protein phosphatase
... protein found in plants that also contains TPRs (Yan et al., 2003). Like animal CHIP proteins, AtCHIP has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro. AtCHIP transcripts were upregulated by several stress treatments including low and high temperatures. However, increased AtCHIP expression was not correlat ...
... protein found in plants that also contains TPRs (Yan et al., 2003). Like animal CHIP proteins, AtCHIP has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro. AtCHIP transcripts were upregulated by several stress treatments including low and high temperatures. However, increased AtCHIP expression was not correlat ...
The Heat-Shock Proteins
... hsp90does, however,associate with other cellular kinases. Highlypurified preparations of the heine-controlled elF2-a kinase contain hsp90 as a prominent component(179). In contrast with the tyrosine kinases, hsp90appears stimulate the kinase, thereby increasing phosphorylation of elF2-a and inhibiti ...
... hsp90does, however,associate with other cellular kinases. Highlypurified preparations of the heine-controlled elF2-a kinase contain hsp90 as a prominent component(179). In contrast with the tyrosine kinases, hsp90appears stimulate the kinase, thereby increasing phosphorylation of elF2-a and inhibiti ...
How do bacterial cells ensure that metalloproteins get the correct
... proteins require metals, although the exploitation of elements varies from cell to cell and has probably altered over the aeons to match geochemistry1–3 (BOX 1). The proportions have been inferred from the numbers of homologues of known metalloproteins, and other deduced metalbinding motifs, encoded ...
... proteins require metals, although the exploitation of elements varies from cell to cell and has probably altered over the aeons to match geochemistry1–3 (BOX 1). The proportions have been inferred from the numbers of homologues of known metalloproteins, and other deduced metalbinding motifs, encoded ...
Lecture 24
... basic mechanism of protein expression in cells, but without using intact live cells. The cell-free expression system should be able to utilize a wide variety of DNA templates and be able to express proteins with high reproducibility. The most important feature is to be able to produce proteins on de ...
... basic mechanism of protein expression in cells, but without using intact live cells. The cell-free expression system should be able to utilize a wide variety of DNA templates and be able to express proteins with high reproducibility. The most important feature is to be able to produce proteins on de ...
Protein 4.1, a component of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton and
... with both proteins can be modulated by various factors, such as the binding of calmodulin-Ca2+ to protein 4.1R [92, 129] or the phosphorylation of protein 4.1R [59, 103]. In the presence of Ca2+, calmodulin reduces the affinity of protein 4.1R for the spectrin-actin complex and decreases the membran ...
... with both proteins can be modulated by various factors, such as the binding of calmodulin-Ca2+ to protein 4.1R [92, 129] or the phosphorylation of protein 4.1R [59, 103]. In the presence of Ca2+, calmodulin reduces the affinity of protein 4.1R for the spectrin-actin complex and decreases the membran ...
SR protein
SR proteins are a conserved family of proteins involved in RNA splicing. SR proteins are named because they contain a protein domain with long repeats of serine and arginine amino acid residues, whose standard abbreviations are ""S"" and ""R"" respectively. SR proteins are 50-300 amino acids in length and composed of two domains, the RNA recognition motif (RRM) region and the RS binding domain. SR proteins are more commonly found in the nucleus than the cytoplasm, but several SR proteins are known to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.SR proteins were discovered in the 1990s in Drosophila and in amphibian oocytes, and later in humans. In general, metazoans appear to have SR proteins and unicellular organisms lack SR proteins.SR proteins are important in constitutive and alternative pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA export, genome stabilization, nonsense-mediated decay, and translation. SR proteins alternatively splice pre-mRNA by preferentially selecting different splice sites on the pre-mRNA strands to create multiple mRNA transcripts from one pre-mRNA transcript. Once splicing is complete the SR protein may or may not remain attached to help shuttle the mRNA strand out of the nucleus. As RNA Polymerase II is transcribing DNA into RNA, SR proteins attach to newly made pre-mRNA to prevent the pre-mRNA from binding to the coding DNA strand to increase genome stabilization. Topoisomerase I and SR proteins also interact to increase genome stabilization. SR proteins can control the concentrations of specific mRNA that is successfully translated into protein by selecting for nonsense-mediated decay codons during alternative splicing. SR proteins can alternatively splice NMD codons into its own mRNA transcript to auto-regulate the concentration of SR proteins. Through the mTOR pathway and interactions with polyribosomes, SR proteins can increase translation of mRNA.Ataxia telangiectasia, neurofibromatosis type 1, several cancers, HIV-1, and spinal muscular atrophy have all been linked to alternative splicing by SR proteins.