Mitochondrial protein acetylation regulates metabolism
... SIRT3 as a critical regulator of mitochondrial function, and suppression by high-fat diet feeding or reduction in enzymatic activity by a point-mutation both contribute to the metabolic syndrome [29]. LCAD hyperacetylation was induced by high-fat diet feeding and was sufficient to reduce enzymatic a ...
... SIRT3 as a critical regulator of mitochondrial function, and suppression by high-fat diet feeding or reduction in enzymatic activity by a point-mutation both contribute to the metabolic syndrome [29]. LCAD hyperacetylation was induced by high-fat diet feeding and was sufficient to reduce enzymatic a ...
Citrate synthase proteins in extremophilic organisms: Studies within
... increased content of negative charges on the surface (to facilitate interactions with the solvent).34–37 Structure-based models cannot explicitly take all of these many detailed chemical features into account, but these features lead to a particular structure of the native conformation. Therefore, s ...
... increased content of negative charges on the surface (to facilitate interactions with the solvent).34–37 Structure-based models cannot explicitly take all of these many detailed chemical features into account, but these features lead to a particular structure of the native conformation. Therefore, s ...
Gene silencing: RNA makes RNA makes no
... still some way to go before post-transcriptional gene silencing is fully understood. For example, it is not clear how the qde-1 product or its tomato homologue could function as an RNA polymerase, because these proteins lack the conventional RNA-dependent RNA polymerase motifs [3,6]. Perhaps these p ...
... still some way to go before post-transcriptional gene silencing is fully understood. For example, it is not clear how the qde-1 product or its tomato homologue could function as an RNA polymerase, because these proteins lack the conventional RNA-dependent RNA polymerase motifs [3,6]. Perhaps these p ...
Chpt10_TxnRNAPol.doc
... accurate and efficient transcription that are not subunits of purified RNA polymerase. We will focus primarily on the general transcription initiation factors (GTIFs), which are proteins needed for accurate initiation of transcription. They are required for RNA polymerase to bind avidly and specific ...
... accurate and efficient transcription that are not subunits of purified RNA polymerase. We will focus primarily on the general transcription initiation factors (GTIFs), which are proteins needed for accurate initiation of transcription. They are required for RNA polymerase to bind avidly and specific ...
Chapter 17
... • These modifications share several functions: – They seem to facilitate the export of mRNA – They protect mRNA from hydrolytic enzymes – They help ribosomes attach to the 5 end Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... • These modifications share several functions: – They seem to facilitate the export of mRNA – They protect mRNA from hydrolytic enzymes – They help ribosomes attach to the 5 end Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Drosophila ventral furrow morphogenesis: a
... composed of both fluorescent dye molecules. Proteins that are more abundant in one or the other sample appear as spots composed of more of one of the dyes than the other. DIGE is a very sensitive method that can detect as little as 1 fmole of protein and protein differences as low as ±1.2-fold, whic ...
... composed of both fluorescent dye molecules. Proteins that are more abundant in one or the other sample appear as spots composed of more of one of the dyes than the other. DIGE is a very sensitive method that can detect as little as 1 fmole of protein and protein differences as low as ±1.2-fold, whic ...
The travels of mRNAs through all cells large and small
... nantly in the mechanism of mRNA localization in oocytes, whereas somatic cells such as fibroblasts used microfilaments for mRNA localization (26). For example, bcd RNA localization in Drosophila oocytes and Vg1 RNA localization in Xenopus oocytes could be disrupted by microtubule-depolymerizing drug ...
... nantly in the mechanism of mRNA localization in oocytes, whereas somatic cells such as fibroblasts used microfilaments for mRNA localization (26). For example, bcd RNA localization in Drosophila oocytes and Vg1 RNA localization in Xenopus oocytes could be disrupted by microtubule-depolymerizing drug ...
Phosphorylation of Beclin 1 by DAP
... in silico the amino acids in Bcl-XL that form the binding pocket of T119 to the corresponding residues in Bcl-2 (Fig. 1). We found that these residues are conserved in Bcl-2, except for the solventexposed A104 in Bcl-XL, which is replaced by the acidic D108 in Bcl-2. Therefore, the T119 binding pock ...
... in silico the amino acids in Bcl-XL that form the binding pocket of T119 to the corresponding residues in Bcl-2 (Fig. 1). We found that these residues are conserved in Bcl-2, except for the solventexposed A104 in Bcl-XL, which is replaced by the acidic D108 in Bcl-2. Therefore, the T119 binding pock ...
spectroscopic studies of mosquito iridescent virus, its capsid
... orescence excitation spectra were recorded at room temperature with a Varian Cary Eclipse fluorescent spectrophotometer, while an MPF-4 Hitachi spectrofluorimeter was used for measuring the fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra at liquid helium temperature. In both cases, a pulsed xenon lamp with ...
... orescence excitation spectra were recorded at room temperature with a Varian Cary Eclipse fluorescent spectrophotometer, while an MPF-4 Hitachi spectrofluorimeter was used for measuring the fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra at liquid helium temperature. In both cases, a pulsed xenon lamp with ...
The Carboxyl Terminus of the Prolactin
... GRIP contains seven PDZ domains, of which domains 4 and 5 are important for interaction with AMPA GluR2/3 subunits (Dong et al., 1997). These two domains of GRIP contain a methionine at the B1 position (first residue of helix B of the PDZ motif) that interacts with a hydrophobic residue at position ...
... GRIP contains seven PDZ domains, of which domains 4 and 5 are important for interaction with AMPA GluR2/3 subunits (Dong et al., 1997). These two domains of GRIP contain a methionine at the B1 position (first residue of helix B of the PDZ motif) that interacts with a hydrophobic residue at position ...
Journal of Applied Microbiology
... Methods and Results: Two Aer. veronii mucin- and lactoferrin-binding proteins with molecular masses of 37 and 48 kDa were identified by Western blot analysis. According to its N-terminal amino acid sequence, the 48-kDa protein was identified as Omp48, an outer-membrane protein similar to LamB of Esc ...
... Methods and Results: Two Aer. veronii mucin- and lactoferrin-binding proteins with molecular masses of 37 and 48 kDa were identified by Western blot analysis. According to its N-terminal amino acid sequence, the 48-kDa protein was identified as Omp48, an outer-membrane protein similar to LamB of Esc ...
Stabilization by GroEL, a Molecular Chaperone, and a Periplasmic
... SDS-gels and immunoblotting analysis—Samples were subjected to electrophoresis on a non-denaturing gel (7.5% polyacrylamide) at 4°C as described by Davis (1964). DMSOR on the gel was transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane after the gel had been immersed in buffer [250 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 2% SDS, ...
... SDS-gels and immunoblotting analysis—Samples were subjected to electrophoresis on a non-denaturing gel (7.5% polyacrylamide) at 4°C as described by Davis (1964). DMSOR on the gel was transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane after the gel had been immersed in buffer [250 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 2% SDS, ...
Somatic cancer mutations in the MLL1 histone methyltransferase
... of histones (H3 and H4) and other proteins (Cheng et al., 2005; Clarke, 2013; Del Rizzo and Trievel, 2014; Dillon et al., 2005; Kudithipudi and Jeltsch, 2016; Zhang et al., 2015) and thereby play an important role in gene expression, cellular development and many diseases including cancer (Chi et al ...
... of histones (H3 and H4) and other proteins (Cheng et al., 2005; Clarke, 2013; Del Rizzo and Trievel, 2014; Dillon et al., 2005; Kudithipudi and Jeltsch, 2016; Zhang et al., 2015) and thereby play an important role in gene expression, cellular development and many diseases including cancer (Chi et al ...
Delivering of Proteins to the Plant Vacuole—An Update
... signals/vacuolar sorting determinants (VSS/VSD) have been described in plants and they can be divided into three major groups. The sequence specific sorting signals (ssVSD) require a conserved sequence of Asn-Pro-Ile-Arg (NPIR) or similar, which do not tolerate significant changes. Usually this type ...
... signals/vacuolar sorting determinants (VSS/VSD) have been described in plants and they can be divided into three major groups. The sequence specific sorting signals (ssVSD) require a conserved sequence of Asn-Pro-Ile-Arg (NPIR) or similar, which do not tolerate significant changes. Usually this type ...
Incorporation of non-natural amino acids into proteins Takahiro
... Aminoacylation of tRNAs with non-natural amino acids Because the chemical aminoacylation (Figure 3a) cannot be made in living cells, the non-natural mutagenesis had been carried out only in cell-free translation systems or in Xenopus oocytes through microinjection of the aa-tRNA. Exceptionally, amin ...
... Aminoacylation of tRNAs with non-natural amino acids Because the chemical aminoacylation (Figure 3a) cannot be made in living cells, the non-natural mutagenesis had been carried out only in cell-free translation systems or in Xenopus oocytes through microinjection of the aa-tRNA. Exceptionally, amin ...
Tyrosine phosphorylation of the BRI1 receptor kinase occurs via a
... the constitutive differential growth 1 (CDG1) kinase (Kim et al., 2011) are thought to be the immediate downstream components that are first phosphorylated by BRI1. Phosphorylation of BKI1 releases the inhibitor protein, which enhances the ability of BRI1 to phosphorylate the receptor-like cytoplasm ...
... the constitutive differential growth 1 (CDG1) kinase (Kim et al., 2011) are thought to be the immediate downstream components that are first phosphorylated by BRI1. Phosphorylation of BKI1 releases the inhibitor protein, which enhances the ability of BRI1 to phosphorylate the receptor-like cytoplasm ...
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
... nucleotide extends out into the protein pocket. In addition, a compensatory RNA mutation within a defective RNA variant was found. The identification of these suppressors provides new insights into the architecture of a functional binding element and its recognition by an important RNA-binding protei ...
... nucleotide extends out into the protein pocket. In addition, a compensatory RNA mutation within a defective RNA variant was found. The identification of these suppressors provides new insights into the architecture of a functional binding element and its recognition by an important RNA-binding protei ...
LNBI 9043 - Lupin Allergy: Uncovering Structural Features and
... in traditional foods, the number of reports of allergic reactions to lupin proteins is also rising, either as primary lupin allergy or as a result of cross-reactivity to other legume proteins, particularly peanut, soybean, lentil, bean, chickpea, and pea [4]. The most common clinical pattern of lupi ...
... in traditional foods, the number of reports of allergic reactions to lupin proteins is also rising, either as primary lupin allergy or as a result of cross-reactivity to other legume proteins, particularly peanut, soybean, lentil, bean, chickpea, and pea [4]. The most common clinical pattern of lupi ...
RNAi (PDF) (1.14 MB)
... by transgenes or viruses (12). Twenty-five–nucleotide RNA species also serve as molecular markers for PTGS. Their presence could be used to confirm other examples of transgene- or virus-induced PTGS and perhaps also to identify endogenous genes that are targeted by PTGS in nontransgenic plants. The 25 ...
... by transgenes or viruses (12). Twenty-five–nucleotide RNA species also serve as molecular markers for PTGS. Their presence could be used to confirm other examples of transgene- or virus-induced PTGS and perhaps also to identify endogenous genes that are targeted by PTGS in nontransgenic plants. The 25 ...
tr-kit promotes the formation of a multimolecular complex composed
... signaling proteins already interact with Sam68 through their SH3 domains, SH2-binding may reinforce this interaction and/or modulate a conformational modification of the bound proteins. On the other hand, interaction between the SH3 of Fyn and Sam68 stimulates the activity of Fyn in mitosis (Oneyama ...
... signaling proteins already interact with Sam68 through their SH3 domains, SH2-binding may reinforce this interaction and/or modulate a conformational modification of the bound proteins. On the other hand, interaction between the SH3 of Fyn and Sam68 stimulates the activity of Fyn in mitosis (Oneyama ...
Application of a bacterial two-hybrid system for the
... analysis, in order to obtain a standard curve for molecular mass determination of the analysed proteins. GST-pulldown assay. Cleared lysates of GST–FemA or GST–FemB fusions, or GST alone, were incubated with equal volumes of GSH– agarose beads for 1 h at 4 uC. The bead material was washed with 20 vo ...
... analysis, in order to obtain a standard curve for molecular mass determination of the analysed proteins. GST-pulldown assay. Cleared lysates of GST–FemA or GST–FemB fusions, or GST alone, were incubated with equal volumes of GSH– agarose beads for 1 h at 4 uC. The bead material was washed with 20 vo ...
Polypeptide Composition of Envelopes of Spinach Chloroplasts
... Preparation of intact chloroplasts—Spinach was purchased from a local farmer. Intact chloroplasts were prepared according to Siegenthaler and Dumont (1990) with some modifications. Leaves were homogenized for 10 s in the grinding medium containing 350 mM sorbitol, 25 mM 3-(/V-morpholino)propanesufon ...
... Preparation of intact chloroplasts—Spinach was purchased from a local farmer. Intact chloroplasts were prepared according to Siegenthaler and Dumont (1990) with some modifications. Leaves were homogenized for 10 s in the grinding medium containing 350 mM sorbitol, 25 mM 3-(/V-morpholino)propanesufon ...
NIH Public Access - The Scripps Research Institute
... (55/68, percent identity/similarity) and TlmI (55/70) from the zorbamycin and tallysomycin biosynthetic pathways, respectively. The conservation of these genes suggests that they have a function in these related biosynthetic pathways, although that function remains to be elucidated. BlmI sequence co ...
... (55/68, percent identity/similarity) and TlmI (55/70) from the zorbamycin and tallysomycin biosynthetic pathways, respectively. The conservation of these genes suggests that they have a function in these related biosynthetic pathways, although that function remains to be elucidated. BlmI sequence co ...
Predicting the Secondary Structure of Globular Proteins Using
... regular patterns in data that is based on neural network models. The brain has highly developed pattern matching abilities and neural network models are designed to mimic them. This study was inspired by a previous application of network .learning to the problem of text-to-speech. In the NETtalk sys ...
... regular patterns in data that is based on neural network models. The brain has highly developed pattern matching abilities and neural network models are designed to mimic them. This study was inspired by a previous application of network .learning to the problem of text-to-speech. In the NETtalk sys ...
Antifolding activity of hsp60 couples protein import into the
... reticulocyte lysate were added to isolated yeast mitochondria (Figure 2). Authentic precytochrome b2 was imported and processed in two steps to the intermediate and mature forms. Most of the mature-sized protein generated was in the intermembrane space and thus protected against externally added pro ...
... reticulocyte lysate were added to isolated yeast mitochondria (Figure 2). Authentic precytochrome b2 was imported and processed in two steps to the intermediate and mature forms. Most of the mature-sized protein generated was in the intermembrane space and thus protected against externally added pro ...
SR protein
SR proteins are a conserved family of proteins involved in RNA splicing. SR proteins are named because they contain a protein domain with long repeats of serine and arginine amino acid residues, whose standard abbreviations are ""S"" and ""R"" respectively. SR proteins are 50-300 amino acids in length and composed of two domains, the RNA recognition motif (RRM) region and the RS binding domain. SR proteins are more commonly found in the nucleus than the cytoplasm, but several SR proteins are known to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.SR proteins were discovered in the 1990s in Drosophila and in amphibian oocytes, and later in humans. In general, metazoans appear to have SR proteins and unicellular organisms lack SR proteins.SR proteins are important in constitutive and alternative pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA export, genome stabilization, nonsense-mediated decay, and translation. SR proteins alternatively splice pre-mRNA by preferentially selecting different splice sites on the pre-mRNA strands to create multiple mRNA transcripts from one pre-mRNA transcript. Once splicing is complete the SR protein may or may not remain attached to help shuttle the mRNA strand out of the nucleus. As RNA Polymerase II is transcribing DNA into RNA, SR proteins attach to newly made pre-mRNA to prevent the pre-mRNA from binding to the coding DNA strand to increase genome stabilization. Topoisomerase I and SR proteins also interact to increase genome stabilization. SR proteins can control the concentrations of specific mRNA that is successfully translated into protein by selecting for nonsense-mediated decay codons during alternative splicing. SR proteins can alternatively splice NMD codons into its own mRNA transcript to auto-regulate the concentration of SR proteins. Through the mTOR pathway and interactions with polyribosomes, SR proteins can increase translation of mRNA.Ataxia telangiectasia, neurofibromatosis type 1, several cancers, HIV-1, and spinal muscular atrophy have all been linked to alternative splicing by SR proteins.