pdf
... The loop of tRNA opposite from the acceptor stem is the ANTICODON LOOP or ANTICODON ARM. This loop contains the ANTICODON, a sequence of three bases complementary to the codons of mRNA. Two or three DIHYDROURIDINE (D) bases are always found in the D ARM and the TψC ARM always contains the sequence ...
... The loop of tRNA opposite from the acceptor stem is the ANTICODON LOOP or ANTICODON ARM. This loop contains the ANTICODON, a sequence of three bases complementary to the codons of mRNA. Two or three DIHYDROURIDINE (D) bases are always found in the D ARM and the TψC ARM always contains the sequence ...
Cutting the nonsense: the degradation of PTC containing mRNAs
... and at least one of the three different classes of regulatory B subunit which are known to be encoded by at least 13 genes and various splice variants. It is evident that an important function of these regulatory subunits is to target the PP2A holoenzyme to separate cellular locations and complexes ...
... and at least one of the three different classes of regulatory B subunit which are known to be encoded by at least 13 genes and various splice variants. It is evident that an important function of these regulatory subunits is to target the PP2A holoenzyme to separate cellular locations and complexes ...
Regulation of Gene Expression by Coupling of Alternative Splicing
... The existence of numerous PTC+ isoforms was first inferred from EST data.12 One may wonder why EST evidence exists at all for isoforms that are expected to be degraded by NMD. As observed in numerous experiments (Table 1), NMD substantially reduces the abundance of PTC+ transcripts, but it does not ...
... The existence of numerous PTC+ isoforms was first inferred from EST data.12 One may wonder why EST evidence exists at all for isoforms that are expected to be degraded by NMD. As observed in numerous experiments (Table 1), NMD substantially reduces the abundance of PTC+ transcripts, but it does not ...
Dissecting protein function: an efficient protocol for
... A fundamental tool for in vivo analysis of biological pathways employs gene inactivation. Prior to the availability of genome-wide resources, mutations in individual genes were commonly recovered from forward mutagenesis screens. Although labor-intensive, such approaches had the benefit of recoverin ...
... A fundamental tool for in vivo analysis of biological pathways employs gene inactivation. Prior to the availability of genome-wide resources, mutations in individual genes were commonly recovered from forward mutagenesis screens. Although labor-intensive, such approaches had the benefit of recoverin ...
Dicot and monocot plants differ in retinoblastoma
... A comparison was made of two rice genes, OsRBR1 (subfamily B) and OsRBR2 (subfamily C), which exhibit differences in exon–intron organization and share only 52% amino acid sequence identity. The plant RBR proteins can be categorized into three distinct subfamilies, in which the similarity between me ...
... A comparison was made of two rice genes, OsRBR1 (subfamily B) and OsRBR2 (subfamily C), which exhibit differences in exon–intron organization and share only 52% amino acid sequence identity. The plant RBR proteins can be categorized into three distinct subfamilies, in which the similarity between me ...
Membrane vesicle-mediated release of bacterial
... vesicles released by strain A1552. The RNA isolation kit was used to acquire ultrapure RNA from which most of the rRNA was removed by the procedure of the Ribo-Zero Magnetic Kit (Epicentre) before RNA library preparation as described in the Materials and Methods. After paired-end sequencing, the res ...
... vesicles released by strain A1552. The RNA isolation kit was used to acquire ultrapure RNA from which most of the rRNA was removed by the procedure of the Ribo-Zero Magnetic Kit (Epicentre) before RNA library preparation as described in the Materials and Methods. After paired-end sequencing, the res ...
The Bacterial Phosphotransferase System: Structure, Function
... E. coli, multiple sites of interaction with the regulatory PTS protein, IIAGlc, account for the allosteric regulation of these transporters. Another very interesting regulatory function of the PTS concerns the control of glycogen metabolism. This topic, with a focus on regulation of the E. coli glyc ...
... E. coli, multiple sites of interaction with the regulatory PTS protein, IIAGlc, account for the allosteric regulation of these transporters. Another very interesting regulatory function of the PTS concerns the control of glycogen metabolism. This topic, with a focus on regulation of the E. coli glyc ...
novel nucleotide carrier proteins of Protochlamydia
... 1998; Taylor and Hoerauf, 2001; Zientz et al., 2004). In general the obligate intracellular lifestyle correlates with a drastically reduced genome of the bacteria, typically showing defects in essential biosynthetic pathways (Moran, 2002) and compensatory transport mechanisms for the import of key m ...
... 1998; Taylor and Hoerauf, 2001; Zientz et al., 2004). In general the obligate intracellular lifestyle correlates with a drastically reduced genome of the bacteria, typically showing defects in essential biosynthetic pathways (Moran, 2002) and compensatory transport mechanisms for the import of key m ...
Phosphorylation of Single Stranded RNA Virus Proteins and
... cytoplasmic retention and hence may be involved in regulation of NS5 nuclear localization during the DENV infectious cycle [23]. DENV NS5 has been demonstrated to interact with NS3 in the cytoplasm of infected cells. This interaction between the two DENV NS proteins was dependent on NS5 phosphorylat ...
... cytoplasmic retention and hence may be involved in regulation of NS5 nuclear localization during the DENV infectious cycle [23]. DENV NS5 has been demonstrated to interact with NS3 in the cytoplasm of infected cells. This interaction between the two DENV NS proteins was dependent on NS5 phosphorylat ...
Contribution of molecular chaperones to protein folding in the
... DnaK substrate-binding domain, in association with the peptide Asn-ArgLeu-Leu-Leu-Thr-Gly, revealed that the C-terminal domain is composed of a further -sandwich subdomain which houses a substrate-binding cavity, followed by an -helical subdomain that acts as a lid to encapsulate the peptide withi ...
... DnaK substrate-binding domain, in association with the peptide Asn-ArgLeu-Leu-Leu-Thr-Gly, revealed that the C-terminal domain is composed of a further -sandwich subdomain which houses a substrate-binding cavity, followed by an -helical subdomain that acts as a lid to encapsulate the peptide withi ...
the pdf - University of British Columbia
... chick spinal cord it is possible to examine developmental changes leading to the loss of regenerative ability. These findings (Nelson & Steeves, 1987; Ethell et al., 1988; Shimizu et al., 1990; Hasan et al., 1990) suggest that developmental events occur in the spinal cord around E13 leading to a los ...
... chick spinal cord it is possible to examine developmental changes leading to the loss of regenerative ability. These findings (Nelson & Steeves, 1987; Ethell et al., 1988; Shimizu et al., 1990; Hasan et al., 1990) suggest that developmental events occur in the spinal cord around E13 leading to a los ...
Proteomics of Plasma Membranes from Poplar Trees Reveals
... sequenced (1), chosen because of its relatively small size. Thus, it is now possible to perform proteomics on poplar material to obtain information on e.g. tissue and intracellular distribution of proteins in a tree. We have used this possibility to determine the protein composition of plasma membra ...
... sequenced (1), chosen because of its relatively small size. Thus, it is now possible to perform proteomics on poplar material to obtain information on e.g. tissue and intracellular distribution of proteins in a tree. We have used this possibility to determine the protein composition of plasma membra ...
Delivery of a Secreted Soluble Protein to the Vacuole via a
... vacuoles. This yeast invertase had plant-specific complex glycans, indicating that transport to the vacuole was mediated by the Golgi apparatus. The microsomal fraction contained a membraneanchored 90-kD cross-reacting polypeptide, but was devoid of invertase activity. Our results indicate that this ...
... vacuoles. This yeast invertase had plant-specific complex glycans, indicating that transport to the vacuole was mediated by the Golgi apparatus. The microsomal fraction contained a membraneanchored 90-kD cross-reacting polypeptide, but was devoid of invertase activity. Our results indicate that this ...
Appendix A: General Remarks on Handling RNA
... buffers. DEPC is highly unstable in the presence of Tris buffers and decomposes rapidly into ethanol and CO2. When preparing Tris buffers, treat water with DEPC first, and then dissolve Tris to make the appropriate buffer. Trace amounts of DEPC will modify purine residues in RNA by carboxymethylatio ...
... buffers. DEPC is highly unstable in the presence of Tris buffers and decomposes rapidly into ethanol and CO2. When preparing Tris buffers, treat water with DEPC first, and then dissolve Tris to make the appropriate buffer. Trace amounts of DEPC will modify purine residues in RNA by carboxymethylatio ...
Interactions of Virus Proteins Within the Host Cell
... influences to the cellular pathway that the virus can exploit. Possible routes are e.g. the clathrin-mediated pathway, the caveolin-mediated pathway, clathrinand caveolin- independent pathways, phagosytosis or macropinocytosis (Mercer et al. 2010). The clathrin-mediated route is explained in more de ...
... influences to the cellular pathway that the virus can exploit. Possible routes are e.g. the clathrin-mediated pathway, the caveolin-mediated pathway, clathrinand caveolin- independent pathways, phagosytosis or macropinocytosis (Mercer et al. 2010). The clathrin-mediated route is explained in more de ...
Proteins - The Open University
... The primary structure of a protein is defined as the sequence of amino acids of which it is composed. This sequence ultimately determines the shape that the protein adopts, according to the spatial limitations on the arrangement of the atoms in the protein, the chemical properties of the component a ...
... The primary structure of a protein is defined as the sequence of amino acids of which it is composed. This sequence ultimately determines the shape that the protein adopts, according to the spatial limitations on the arrangement of the atoms in the protein, the chemical properties of the component a ...
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
... al., 2008, and Stork PJ., 2003, respectively) Since both GTP- and ATP-binding proteins are highly heterogeneous, we focus here on the small Ras-type G-proteins (SRGP) and the ser/thr protein kinase (STPK) families, respectively. Sialic acid (SIA) is a C9 monosaccharide, and is the key component of m ...
... al., 2008, and Stork PJ., 2003, respectively) Since both GTP- and ATP-binding proteins are highly heterogeneous, we focus here on the small Ras-type G-proteins (SRGP) and the ser/thr protein kinase (STPK) families, respectively. Sialic acid (SIA) is a C9 monosaccharide, and is the key component of m ...
The hepatitis C virus Core protein is a potent nucleic acid chaperone
... are essential for protein synthesis and viral RNA replication. The viral polyprotein precursor is cleaved by cellular and viral proteases to generate at least 10 viral proteins identi®ed as the structural proteins (Core, E1, E2 and p7) and the nonstructural proteins and enzymes (NS2, NS3, NS4a, NS4b ...
... are essential for protein synthesis and viral RNA replication. The viral polyprotein precursor is cleaved by cellular and viral proteases to generate at least 10 viral proteins identi®ed as the structural proteins (Core, E1, E2 and p7) and the nonstructural proteins and enzymes (NS2, NS3, NS4a, NS4b ...
Gene expression control by selective RNA processing and
... that encode various proteins. To match specific physiological requirements, the level of each protein needs to be adjusted. Among possible mechanisms, RNA cleavage permits the separation of ORFs and confers different fates to each RNA portion (upstream and downstream of the cleavage site). In E. col ...
... that encode various proteins. To match specific physiological requirements, the level of each protein needs to be adjusted. Among possible mechanisms, RNA cleavage permits the separation of ORFs and confers different fates to each RNA portion (upstream and downstream of the cleavage site). In E. col ...
bioinformatics - Noble Research Lab
... very small overlap between interactions discovered by various high-throughput studies, some of them using the same method, the actual number of interactions is likely to be much higher. Computational methods are therefore required for discovering interactions that are not accessible to highthroughpu ...
... very small overlap between interactions discovered by various high-throughput studies, some of them using the same method, the actual number of interactions is likely to be much higher. Computational methods are therefore required for discovering interactions that are not accessible to highthroughpu ...
PDF
... A search of the S. cerevisiae proteome found 553 occurrences of this consensus sequence in 491 proteins (Table 2, which is published as supporting information on the PNAS web site). Fifty-one proteins were found to have multiple sites, with 5 sites being the most present in any one protein. The seco ...
... A search of the S. cerevisiae proteome found 553 occurrences of this consensus sequence in 491 proteins (Table 2, which is published as supporting information on the PNAS web site). Fifty-one proteins were found to have multiple sites, with 5 sites being the most present in any one protein. The seco ...
chapter 17 notes
... • Is catalyzed by RNA polymerase, which pries the DNA strands apart and hooks together the RNA nucleotides • Follows the same base-pairing rules as DNA, except that in RNA, uracil substitutes for ...
... • Is catalyzed by RNA polymerase, which pries the DNA strands apart and hooks together the RNA nucleotides • Follows the same base-pairing rules as DNA, except that in RNA, uracil substitutes for ...
Unit 4 proteins
... molecule) loaded with a chemotherapy drug • By targeting cancers with chemotherapeutic loaded nanoparticles the effective dose of the drug is increased ...
... molecule) loaded with a chemotherapy drug • By targeting cancers with chemotherapeutic loaded nanoparticles the effective dose of the drug is increased ...
Figure E Functional classification of crop proteins into COG
... only; T : Signal transduction mechanisms; U : Intracellular trafficking, secretion, and vesicular transport; V: Defense mechanisms. ...
... only; T : Signal transduction mechanisms; U : Intracellular trafficking, secretion, and vesicular transport; V: Defense mechanisms. ...
video slide - Fayetteville State University
... Working with the mold Neurospora crassa, George Beadle and Edward Tatum had isolated mutants requiring arginine in their growth medium and had shown genetically that these mutants fell into three classes, each defective in a different gene. From other considerations, they suspected that the metaboli ...
... Working with the mold Neurospora crassa, George Beadle and Edward Tatum had isolated mutants requiring arginine in their growth medium and had shown genetically that these mutants fell into three classes, each defective in a different gene. From other considerations, they suspected that the metaboli ...
SR protein
SR proteins are a conserved family of proteins involved in RNA splicing. SR proteins are named because they contain a protein domain with long repeats of serine and arginine amino acid residues, whose standard abbreviations are ""S"" and ""R"" respectively. SR proteins are 50-300 amino acids in length and composed of two domains, the RNA recognition motif (RRM) region and the RS binding domain. SR proteins are more commonly found in the nucleus than the cytoplasm, but several SR proteins are known to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.SR proteins were discovered in the 1990s in Drosophila and in amphibian oocytes, and later in humans. In general, metazoans appear to have SR proteins and unicellular organisms lack SR proteins.SR proteins are important in constitutive and alternative pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA export, genome stabilization, nonsense-mediated decay, and translation. SR proteins alternatively splice pre-mRNA by preferentially selecting different splice sites on the pre-mRNA strands to create multiple mRNA transcripts from one pre-mRNA transcript. Once splicing is complete the SR protein may or may not remain attached to help shuttle the mRNA strand out of the nucleus. As RNA Polymerase II is transcribing DNA into RNA, SR proteins attach to newly made pre-mRNA to prevent the pre-mRNA from binding to the coding DNA strand to increase genome stabilization. Topoisomerase I and SR proteins also interact to increase genome stabilization. SR proteins can control the concentrations of specific mRNA that is successfully translated into protein by selecting for nonsense-mediated decay codons during alternative splicing. SR proteins can alternatively splice NMD codons into its own mRNA transcript to auto-regulate the concentration of SR proteins. Through the mTOR pathway and interactions with polyribosomes, SR proteins can increase translation of mRNA.Ataxia telangiectasia, neurofibromatosis type 1, several cancers, HIV-1, and spinal muscular atrophy have all been linked to alternative splicing by SR proteins.