• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
13059_2010_2366_MOESM1_ESM
13059_2010_2366_MOESM1_ESM

... confirmed by good growth of P. ultimum on these substrates as sole carbon sources. Detection of P. ultimum by the host The transglutaminase GP42 cell wall glycoprotein of Ph. sojae contains a 13 amino acid stretch (Pep-13) able to stimulate defense responses on parsley and potato. Transglutaminase w ...
The stability and nuclear localization of the transcription factor RAP2
The stability and nuclear localization of the transcription factor RAP2

... proteins and lipids is reduced (Geigenberger 2003). Moreover, energy-saving pathways are favoured over those that are more expensive in terms of ATP (Bologa et al. 2003). When oxygen becomes limiting for oxidative phosphorylation, ATP production relies on fermentative metabolism. Its activation coin ...
Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Cloning of
Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Cloning of

... Local action of glucocorticoids depends on various processes such as passage through the cell membrane, binding to the glucocorticoid receptors, specific interaction of receptor–ligand complex with genes bearing glucocorticoid response element or with other transcription factors, and on intracellular ...
Formation and nuclear export of tRNA, rRNA and mRNA is regulated
Formation and nuclear export of tRNA, rRNA and mRNA is regulated

... and pre-tRNA processing. A high-throughput proteomic analysis recently identified many potentially ubiquitinated proteins in yeast (Peng et al., 2003), including several ribosome synthesis factors and tRNA processing enzymes. Which of these ubiquitin residues are added directly by Rsp5p remains to b ...
Gene–Nutrition Interaction in Human Performance and Exercise
Gene–Nutrition Interaction in Human Performance and Exercise

... nutritional intake has been established as a primary factor affecting human performance. In addition, a growing body of research has provided support for the notion that response to exercise training may be influenced by genetic variation. Evidence that DNA sequence variation exists within human pop ...
lec39_2013 - Andrew.cmu.edu
lec39_2013 - Andrew.cmu.edu

... a) mRNA – messenger RNA is copy of the DNA that encodes a gene. mRNA specifies the order of amino acids to be used in making the protein. b) tRNA – transfer RNA is the dictionary the converts the codon to a specific amino acid. One part of the tRNA recognizes the codon, the other part contains the a ...
Word version of notes
Word version of notes

... non-template or antisense strand. 3. The new nucleotides are joined to each other by strong covalent bonds by the enzyme RNA polymerase. 4. Only about 8 base pairs remain attached at a time, since the mRNA molecule peels off from the DNA as it is made. A winding enzyme rewinds the DNA. 5. The initia ...
Codon Bingo - Flinn Scientific
Codon Bingo - Flinn Scientific

... The DNA that makes up the human genome can be subdivided into genes. Each gene encodes for a protein (or part of a protein) that performs a specific function in a cell. The two-step process of transcription and translation is responsible for transforming the DNA instructions into a functional protei ...
Molecular Beacon Product Sheet
Molecular Beacon Product Sheet

... binding of single stranded oligos to specific targets based on structural conformation. Aptamers are single-stranded RNA or DNA oligonucleotides 15 to 60 base in length that bind with high affinity to specific molecular targets; most aptamers to proteins bind with Kds (equilibrium constant) in the r ...
Chpt3_Isolating_analyzing_genes.doc
Chpt3_Isolating_analyzing_genes.doc

... ISOLATING AND ANALYZING GENES Recombinant DNA, Polymerase Chain Reaction and Applications to Eukaryotic Gene Structure and Function The first two chapters covered many important aspects of genes, such as how they function in inheritance, how they code for protein (in general terms) and their chemica ...
Looking for a strong promoter for Physcomitrella
Looking for a strong promoter for Physcomitrella

... The 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus is a strong and constitutive promoter that is widely used in plant systems. However, in the moss Physcomitrella patens, its promoter strength is weak or all but silent in the dark.1 Therefore, it is necessary to find promoters that show higher express ...
nucleosome antigen - Arotec Diagnostics
nucleosome antigen - Arotec Diagnostics

... disease and are also found in 40-50% of patients with autoimmune hepatitis type I11,12. Anti-ribosomal P antibodies have also been reported to bind to nucleosomes13,14. The nucleosome is the basic structural subunit of chromatin, the native complex of histones and DNA found in the nucleus of eukaryo ...
Aminoacylated tmRNA from Escherichia coli interacts with
Aminoacylated tmRNA from Escherichia coli interacts with

... alanyl-tRNA synthetase (Komine et al+, 1994; Ushida et al+, 1994), and tRNA modifying enzymes (Felden, unpubl+ results)+ What about the other tRNA specific proteins involved in translation? E. coli tmRNA is found associated with 70S ribosomes in vivo, at about one molecule per 10 ribosomes (Ushida e ...
e Study of RNA Polymerase Pausing by Optical Traps
e Study of RNA Polymerase Pausing by Optical Traps

... duration. The cell implements different pausing mechanisms based on the conditions and nutrient requirements in the cell. For example, in Escherichia coli, pausing might couple transcription and translation by synchronizing the interaction between RNA synthesis and ribosome movement in the coding po ...
Regulation of hepatic metabolism by AMPK - HAL
Regulation of hepatic metabolism by AMPK - HAL

... CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2) by AMPK promotes CRTC2 binding to 14-3-3 proteins in the cytoplasm and prevents its translocation to the nucleus, thereby reducing CREB-dependent expression of the gluconeogenesis genes [1], although this effect was recently challenged [2]. (6) AMPK ...
Leukaemia Section inv(8)(p11q13) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Leukaemia Section inv(8)(p11q13) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

... in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 1998 May 1;91(9):3127-33 ...
Dichotomy in the definition of prescriptive information suggests both
Dichotomy in the definition of prescriptive information suggests both

... model with respect to the innumerable additional dimensions of PI and layers of supplemental processing that have recently come to light in molecular biology. Nevertheless, it is necessary to begin the cybernetic comparison with linear digital prescription and the other linguistic-like parallels. Fo ...
Transcription and Translation RNA
Transcription and Translation RNA

... folds in three dimensions to an L-like structure. tRNAs are small RNA molecules (usually in the range of 73 - 93 nucleotides) that participate in the translation of mRNAs. They are not part of the ribosome. But like rRNA they have extensive secondary structure produced by intramolecular base pairing ...
File
File

... 1. Distinguish between autotrophs and heterotrohps. 2. Distinguish between chemoautotrophs and photoautotrophs. 3. Sketch a cross-section of the leaf of a photosynthetic plant. Label all parts and list the function of each. 4. Sketch a chloroplast and label its parts. 5. What is the net reaction for ...
Histone genes of Volvox carteri: DNA sequence and organization of
Histone genes of Volvox carteri: DNA sequence and organization of

... remained highly conserved. This recommends the histone gene family as an interesting system to study the evolution of eukaryotic gene structure and to obtain evolutionary markers for the analysis of phylogenetic relationships. As has been shown in a recent comparison of H3 genes (9), differences in ...
Synthetic Plant Promoters Containing Defined
Synthetic Plant Promoters Containing Defined

... would be strong enough to be detectable by -glucuronidase (GUS) staining. The first elements tested were boxes W1 and W2 from the parsley PR1 genes (Rushton et al., 1996), box S from the parsley ELI7 genes (Kirsch et al., 2000), a novel element called box D from the parsley PR2 gene (P.J. Rushton a ...
Synthetic Plant Promoters Containing Defined Regulatory Elements
Synthetic Plant Promoters Containing Defined Regulatory Elements

... dase (GUS) staining. The first elements tested were boxes W1 and W2 from the parsley PR1 genes (Rushton et al., 1996), box S from the parsley ELI7 genes (Kirsch et al., 2000), a novel element called box D from the parsley PR2 gene (P.J. Rushton and K. Hahlbrock, unpublished results), and an element ...
Characterization of Ubiquitin/Proteasome
Characterization of Ubiquitin/Proteasome

... their protein products encoded in S. cerevisiae’s genome to those of higher eukaryotes make yeast a time and money efficient avenue for gaining insight into cellular mechanisms of higher organisms. Over the years, the worth of S. cerevisiae has been further established, with it acting as a valuable ...
Appendix A: General Remarks on Handling RNA
Appendix A: General Remarks on Handling RNA

... Solutions (water and other solutions) should be treated with 0.1% DEPC.† DEPC is a strong, but not absolute, inhibitor of RNases. It is commonly used at a concentration of 0.1% to inactivate RNases on glass or plasticware or to create RNase-free solutions and water. DEPC inactivates RNases by covale ...
Close relationship between non-viral retroposons in Drosophila
Close relationship between non-viral retroposons in Drosophila

... Cx 2 Cx 4 Hx 4 C motif, and two adjacent imperfect ones (fig. 7a) are found within G-orfl, a 241 amino acid long orf that partially overlaps G-orf2 (figs. 2 and 3). In fig. 7b the G-orfl region encompassing the cysteine-rich motifs is aligned with the homologous regions in F-orf 1 and Iorfl. The hom ...
< 1 ... 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 ... 342 >

Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report