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Trends in Genetics 9:375. [pdf reprint 109 kb]
Trends in Genetics 9:375. [pdf reprint 109 kb]

... p\�1529 (Ref. 2). In our experience, the method failed with pUC8-1, pUC8-2, pUC9-2, pUC12 and pUC18 (Ref. 2). The differ­ ent results obtained with very similar vectors, such as pUC18 and pUC19, are probably the result of sequence differences in the amino termini of the Lacla proteins they produce; ...
MCB Lecture 2 – Protein Metabolism
MCB Lecture 2 – Protein Metabolism

... o Some proteins fold spontaneously into the correct conformation as they are being translated. What are heat shock proteins? o They are synthesized in large amount on heat exposure. o They have an affinity for exposed hydrophobic patches of incompletely folded proteins and use ATP to fold them corre ...
Identification of the Missing Links in Prokaryotic Pentose Oxidation
Identification of the Missing Links in Prokaryotic Pentose Oxidation

... as a sole carbon and energy source. At present, three main catabolic pathways have been described for pentoses. The first is present in Bacteria and uses isomerases, kinases, and epimerases to convert D- and L-arabinose (Ara) and D-xylose (Xyl) into D-xylulose 5-phosphate (Fig. 1A), which is further ...
Identification of a novel testis‐specific gene and its potential roles in
Identification of a novel testis‐specific gene and its potential roles in

... Aim: To identify and characterize a novel gene with potential roles in testis development and spermatogenesis. Methods: A cDNA microarray was constructed from a human testis large insert cDNA library and hybridized with probes of human or mouse adult and fetal testes. Differentially expressed genes ...
Determination of the Binding Site-Size of the Protein
Determination of the Binding Site-Size of the Protein

... crude cell extracts, it is thought that cell extracts contain many other DNA-binding proteins (and their regulatory proteins), and some small molecules (such as ATP and DNA metabolites), that are also able to interact with the DNA and the target protein; these molecules may cause some unpredictable ...
Infrared spectroscopic studies: from small molecules to large.
Infrared spectroscopic studies: from small molecules to large.

... Infrared (IR) spectroscopy has been around since the discovery of IR light by Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel in 1800. However, until 1940’s, IR studies involved only water and small organic molecules, because of the long measurement times and inaccessibility of the instruments. In 1940s came the first c ...
Nucleosome depletion at yeast terminators is not
Nucleosome depletion at yeast terminators is not

... leading to the suggestion that intrinsic histone–DNA interactions appear to be more important for nucleosome depletion at terminator regions in vivo (13, 14). The conclusion that intrinsic histone–DNA interactions are important for nucleosome depletion at promoters and terminators is based on the si ...
Go ontology
Go ontology

... The information in the annotation file includes evidence information which serves as a source to validate /the annotation information. ...
Nucleolus: the fascinating nuclear body
Nucleolus: the fascinating nuclear body

... to Wnally form a central body associated with caps (Hadjiolova et al. 1995). In the caps are several proteins related to the RNA polymerase (pol) I transcription machinery such as UBF, close to Wbrillarin-containing caps. In the central body are proteins derived from the GC, some of which are progre ...
Genes required for Lactococcus garvieae survival in a fish host
Genes required for Lactococcus garvieae survival in a fish host

... selection will select against replication of mutant strains where a transposon-mediated disruption of genes related to virulence has occurred. Second, as each mutagenizing transposon carries ‘signature tags’ (DNA fragments consisting of a central variable region that is flanked by two invariant arms ...
Applications of Recombinant DNA to Pathologic Diagnosis
Applications of Recombinant DNA to Pathologic Diagnosis

... shown by Northern analysis. All patients lacked HPRT enzymlc activity ...
chapter 3
chapter 3

... et al., 1987). This method can produce large amount of a specific DNA sequence from a complex DNA template in a simple enzymatic reaction. This method utilizes a DNA polymerase and two oligonucleotide primers to synthesize a specific DNA from a single stranded template sequence. The oligonucleotides ...
Isolation and Purification of Nucleic Acids
Isolation and Purification of Nucleic Acids

... Knew that you could expose template DNA by boiling ds DNA to produce ss DNA  Knew that you could use primers to initiate DNA synthesis  Knew that a cheap, commercial enzyme was available (Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase) ...
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus genesig Standard Kit
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus genesig Standard Kit

... this genome segment overlaps the N-terminal region of VP2 and encodes the small nonstructural protein VP5. The smaller genomic segment, B, is 2784 nucleotides long and encodes VP1, the virion-associated RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Transmission of this virus occurs via contact with infected bodily ...
Document
Document

... The ribosome now advances one codon along the mRNA. EF-G is used in translocation in prokaryotes. EF-G-GTP binds the ribosome, GTP is hydrolyzed, and the ribosome moves one codon while the uncharged tRNA leaves the P site. In eukaryotes factor is called eEF-2. Release of the uncharged tRNA involves ...
FREE Sample Here
FREE Sample Here

... Ans: Meselson and Stahl grew bacteria in the presence of 15N, or “heavy” nitrogen. They rapidly replaced the 15N media with 14N, or light nitrogen. DNA was extracted at various time intervals during the growth of the bacteria, representing different stages of replication (generations). They examined ...
Gene clusters for β-lactam antibiotics and control of their expression
Gene clusters for β-lactam antibiotics and control of their expression

... the hydroxylation at C-3 that produces deacetylcephalosporin C (DAC). However, in cephamycin- and cephabacin-producing organisms, two different genes, cefE and cefF, encode enzymes that carry out these two sequential steps. Genes cefE and cefF encode proteins with about 70% identity in amino acids, ...
Full text in pdf - International Microbiology
Full text in pdf - International Microbiology

... the hydroxylation at C-3 that produces deacetylcephalosporin C (DAC). However, in cephamycin- and cephabacin-producing organisms, two different genes, cefE and cefF, encode enzymes that carry out these two sequential steps. Genes cefE and cefF encode proteins with about 70% identity in amino acids, ...
NMR analysis of protein interactions
NMR analysis of protein interactions

... Not all RRM motifs, however, are involved in RNA binding; interactions with protein have been observed as well [44]. Another abundant single-stranded RNA binding motif is the KH domain, reviewed in [43]. A solution structure has been determined for the KH domain of splicing factor SF1 in complex wit ...
Analysis of the Nitrous Oxide Reduction Genes, nosZDFYL, of
Analysis of the Nitrous Oxide Reduction Genes, nosZDFYL, of

... The structural gene, nosZ, for the monomeric N2O reductase has been cloned and sequenced from the denitrifying bacterium Achromobacter cycloclastes. The nosZ gene encodes a protein of 642 amino acid residues and the deduced amino acid sequence showed homology to the previously derived sequences for ...
DreamTaq DNA Polymerase, 5x500U
DreamTaq DNA Polymerase, 5x500U

... of template DNA in the PCR mixture and the expected PCR product yield. If less than 10 copies of the template are present in the reaction, about 40 cycles are required. For higher template amounts, 25-35 cycles are sufficient. Final extension After the last cycle, it is recommended to incubate the P ...
Handout
Handout

... wound healing to viral replication, proteases can be broadly lumped into two camps based on what’s in their ...
letters Solution structure of the DNA-binding domain of MafG
letters Solution structure of the DNA-binding domain of MafG

... subdivided into two groups: large Mafs (26–39 kDa), which have a putative transactivation domain at their N-termini, and small Mafs (17–18 kDa), which lack such a domain1–3 (Fig. 1a). Maf family proteins play important roles in cellular differentiation and morphogenesis, and their unique functions s ...
Probe design for microarrays using OligoWiz
Probe design for microarrays using OligoWiz

... 3. Five scores are calculated for each of these ...
Photomorphogenesis, B-Box Transcription Factors
Photomorphogenesis, B-Box Transcription Factors

... the plant genetic model system Arabidopsis. ...
< 1 ... 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 ... 342 >

Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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