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hypothesize that AraC can exist in 2 states, P1 and P2
hypothesize that AraC can exist in 2 states, P1 and P2

... -CAP is a symmetrical dimer of two identical subunits -when bound to cAMP (low glucose, high cAMP), CAP is active and binds to a specific palindrome found upstream of genes that are controlled by catabolite repression -consensus: 5’-AAATGTGATCT-AGATCACATTT-3’ -DNA binding mediated by a HTH present i ...
Slides
Slides

... – Translation does not start or finish right at the ends of the mRNA – Contain information relevant to gene stability, etc ...
200 THINGS TO KNOW AP Biology TEST
200 THINGS TO KNOW AP Biology TEST

... PGA and PGAL C4 plants outcompete C3 in high sunlight because they store extra Carbon to use when CO2 conc low. CAM plants are desert succulents ( cactus) stomata close during day open at night to avoid dessication) ( C3 and C4 plants stomata opened up during day) 91. C4 uses 5ATP per molecule C3 on ...
Name
Name

... be made during transcription: DNA strand: TAC – GCA - TGG – AAA – GGG – CGG – ACT mRNA strand: ____ - _____ - _____ - _____ - _____ - _____ - _____ Next, use the decoder chart below to write the corresponding amino acids that would be coded for by the mRNA that you created: Amino acids: ______ - ___ ...
transcription
transcription

... two strands are exposed. But how does the RNA polymerase know where to begin? The starting point of a gene is marked by a certain base sequence which is called a promoter site. In prokaryotes, transcription begins with the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter on the DNA molecule. At the start o ...
Molecular Biology
Molecular Biology

... two strands are exposed. But how does the RNA polymerase know where to begin? The starting point of a gene is marked by a certain base sequence which is called a promoter site. In prokaryotes, transcription begins with the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter on the DNA molecule. At the start o ...
Transcription
Transcription

... the strand of DNA that the RNA polymerase uses as a template to produce complementary mRNA • Coding strand (antisense strand or Crick strand) : the strand that is not used as the template it has the same base sequence as the RNA transcript produced (although with thymine replaced by ...
prokaryotic protein synthesis
prokaryotic protein synthesis

... 2). This is possible because mRNA molecules are both synthesised and translated in the same 5’ to 3’ direction and because there is no nuclear membrane to separate the 2 processes. The same simultaneous processes are also seen in mitochondria & chloroplast DNA. Once made, the polypeptide chain separ ...
Transparency master
Transparency master

... Codon - a group of 3 nucleotides in mRNA that specifies an amino acid Transcription – process by which mRNA molecules are copied from the DNA Translation – when codons in mRNA are decoded into a sequence of amino acids DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid, double-stranded helix that carries all genetic infor ...
RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

... RNA polymerase - the enzyme responsible for RNA transcription. Moves along gene and bonds appropriate RNA nucleotide to complimentary DNA nucleotide. Promoter - binding site on gene that RNA polymerase attaches to at the start of transcription. Codon - set of three mRNA nucleotides that code for an ...
Click here to go back
Click here to go back

... onto complimentary bases  RNA polymerase links adjacent nucleotides  The completed mRNA moves out of the nucleus ...
Section C: The Control of Gene Expression
Section C: The Control of Gene Expression

... • Controls of gene activity in eukaryotes involves some of the principles described for prokaryotes. • The expression of specific genes is commonly regulated at the transcription level by DNA-binding proteins that interact with other proteins and with external signals. • With their greater complexit ...
ch 18 clicker questions
ch 18 clicker questions

... A specific gene is known to code for three different but related proteins. This could be due to which of the following? a) premature mRNA degradation b) alternative RNA splicing c) use of different enhancers ...
5b Gene Expression
5b Gene Expression

... - The Nature of Chromosomes - The Cell Cycle - Mitosis and Cytokinesis - Cancer Cells: Abnormal Cell Cycle • The Expression of Genes as Proteins: DNA gene --> RNA --> Protein - Transcription by RNA Polymerase (DNA gene --> mRNA) - The Three Types of RNA ...
Slides
Slides

... DNA sequence or amino acids in a protein • Structural motif: a pattern in a protein structure formed by the spatial arrangement of amino acids. • Network motif: patterns that occur in different parts of a network at frequencies much higher than those found in randomized network • Commonality: – high ...
More Exam Practice - Iowa State University
More Exam Practice - Iowa State University

... into CO2 and pyruvate. In this way, C4 plants maintin a concentrtation of CO2 in their bundle sheath cells as an adaption to hot, dry climates. If they were to open their stomata to take in CO2 during the day, they would also lose too much water. This way, they can keep their stomata partially close ...
2013 ProSyn PREAP
2013 ProSyn PREAP

...  Plant and animal breeders often take advantage of such beneficial mutations. ...
Protein Synthesis - Katy Independent School District
Protein Synthesis - Katy Independent School District

...  Plant and animal breeders often take advantage of such beneficial mutations. ...
Bio 301, Biochemistry I
Bio 301, Biochemistry I

... a. They are DNA sequences that directly bind RNA polymerase and regulate transcriptional initiation. b. They are DNA sequences that directly bind TFIID, and regulate transcriptional initiation. c. They are DNA sequences that directly bind transcription factors and regulate transcriptional initiation ...
Operon
Operon

... the lacZ gene is replaced with the gene of interest and IPTG is then used to induce gene expression. ...
Power point
Power point

... • Chromatin-modifying enzymes provide initial control of gene expression by making a region of DNA either more or less able to bind the transcription machinery • Associated with most eukaryotic genes are multiple control elements, segments of noncoding DNA that serve as binding sites for transcripti ...
Minilab 11-1
Minilab 11-1

... bonds to each codon from column B. ffiil ldentify the process responsible by writing its name on the arrow in column C. ffi complete column E by writing the name of the correct amino acid that is coded by each base sequence. Use Table 11.2 on page 298 to translate the mRNA base sequences to amino ac ...
Section L
Section L

... polymerase with a different promoter specificity and hence to selectively express their own phage genes(e.g. phage T4 in E.coli and SPO1 in B.subtilis). This stragety is an effective alternative to the need forfor the phage to encode its own complete polymerase(e.g. bacteriophage T7,see Topic K2). T ...
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY.rtf
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY.rtf

... RNA (ribonucleic acid) continued Transcription—copies one of the DNA strands from the 3’end, and makes RNA beginning at its 5’end. The new RNA is complementary (A=U and G=C) and antiparallel to the coding strand of DNA Transcription is catalyzed in the nucleus by RNA polymerase 3 types of RNA mRNA—I ...
Document
Document

... 2. How is information about making proteins transmitted from the DNA to the site of protein synthesis? ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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