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Biology Standards Based Benchmark Assessment
Biology Standards Based Benchmark Assessment

... 37. How is RNA different from DNA? a. RNA is single-stranded. b. RNA contains a different sugar molecule. c. RNA contains the nitrogen base uracil. d. All of the above. 38. RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that its sugars is ribose instead of deoxyribose, and the nitrogen base thymine is repl ...
word - My eCoach
word - My eCoach

... 26. Look at the Figure above. The phospholipid molecule of the cell membrane has two main parts: the head and the tail. These parts are either hydrophobic (repelled by water) or hydrophilic (attracted to water). Which statement best describe the phospholipid head and tail? a. The tail is hydrophilic ...
HawkZ05 Fast DNA Polymerase
HawkZ05 Fast DNA Polymerase

... Upon heating above +60°C, the aptamer acts like a molecular switch, changing its temperature-dependent tertiary structure and releasing the active polymerase. Dropping the temperature below +55°C shuts off the polymerase activity again. Similar to antibody-based methods, the enzyme is much more quic ...
SB 2.0 poster
SB 2.0 poster

... • Get rid of all annotated7 upstream transcription factor binding sites • Actually remove the sequence, don’t just insert the new promoter • Get rid of as many potential (i.e. based only on motif match) transcription factor regulation sites as possible But: • Avoid disrupting transcription initiatio ...
Microbial Genetics Study guide
Microbial Genetics Study guide

... In DNA replication, the cell removes histones and other proteins from the DNA molecule. DNA helicase unzips the double helix, breaking hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs, to form a replication fork. DNA synthesis always moves in the 5' to 3' direction, so the leading strand is synthesiz ...
DNA, RNA and Protein Power Point
DNA, RNA and Protein Power Point

... 2. Chromosome Mutationinvolves a change in many genes a) Deletion- part of a chromosome is lost b) Inversion- part of a chromosome is flipped around ...
Lecture 3 Slides
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... [Becker et al. The World of the Cell, 6th ed.] ...
In vitro analysis of the VE-cadherin promoter - HAL
In vitro analysis of the VE-cadherin promoter - HAL

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E. CELL SPECIALIZATION: RNA and Protein Regulation

... The proteome in most eukaryotes dwarfs the genome in complexity! ...
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One Gene - One Polypeptide

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How do we find a knockout for AT4G37790 and what is this
How do we find a knockout for AT4G37790 and what is this

... primers, then t-DNA primer+RV primer because orientation is complementary. Plants homozygous for the mutant allele prove that knocking out AT4G37790 is not embryo lethal. We can phenotype these plants to see how they are lacking in development. ...
Exam #2
Exam #2

... 2.___________ Eukaryotic genes contain non-coding regions called operons. 3.___________ Transcription is carried out by ribosomes 4.___________ RNA processing involves removal of 5’caps and 3’tails. 5.___________ DNA binding proteins attach to the major groove 6.___________ Supercoiling in prokaryot ...
Biology1FinalExam I F'04(2-3-4).doc
Biology1FinalExam I F'04(2-3-4).doc

... d. is never beneficial to the organism. e. will kill the cell when it occurs. 40.RNA splicing is the a. addition of introns to the mRNA. b. deletion of introns from the mRNA. c. addition of exons to the mRNA. d. deletion of exons from the mRNA. e. combination of two different chromosomes together 41 ...
Scanning promoters to predict TF binding sites and
Scanning promoters to predict TF binding sites and

... In this tutorial, we will address the situation when we are interested by one particular transcription factor for which some binding sites and target genes already have been characterized. Having at hand the genome of interest, we want to scan all the promoters in order to predict putative binding s ...
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

... • tRNA bonds to codon of mRNA with the anticodon and the amino acids are lined up in the correct order. • Amino acids correctly arranged form peptide bonds and are released as a polypeptide when assembly is completed. Several polypeptides may be needed for one protein. ...
BIO520 Final Exam 5/07 Jim Lund You may use any books, notes
BIO520 Final Exam 5/07 Jim Lund You may use any books, notes

... 7 (1pt). Why are two samples co-hybridized to spotted microarrays while a single sample is hybridized to Affymetrix microarrays? 8 (2pt). Aside from its sequence what other information describing a SNP is the most important and useful to know? 9 (2pt). You profile human adrenal tumor samples on a mi ...
TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENES
TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENES

... Oncogene amplification can be accompanied by gene rearrangement but most amplified oncogenes are apparently normal on the basis of restriction endonuclease mapping. Gene amplification arises from a segment of DNA replicating more than once during a single cell cycle. There is evidence that there are ...
LO * Explain how alleles cause differences in
LO * Explain how alleles cause differences in

... • Chromosome – a coiled piece of DNA which stores the genes • Gene – a section of DNA which codes for a specific feature • DNA – contains all the genes for an organism – like blueprints • Cell – building blocks of life • Mitochondria – organelles of a cell which provide energy for the cell ...
Chemical Nature of the Gene
Chemical Nature of the Gene

... Destroy either RNA; protein or DNA ...
DNA and RNA Chapter 12
DNA and RNA Chapter 12

... http://www.biology-online.org/2/8_mutations.htm ...
Genetic engineering – stepping stones
Genetic engineering – stepping stones

... Plasmid of bacterial DNA is cut open. Insulin gene is inserted. Altered plasmid is inserted into another bacterium. Assaying techniques are used to check new gene. Transgenic bacteria begin to produce insulin. Transgenic bacteria are cloned and cultured. Human insulin is produced in significant quan ...
see examples of typical exams - IQ-USP
see examples of typical exams - IQ-USP

... 6) The stability of body mass and overall appearance of an individual hides large daily fluctuations of metabolism. For example, food intake subjects the organism to opposing situations: the abundance and lack of nutrients. The adjustment of our metabolism to different metabolic conditions occurs by ...
The Biocreative Task in SEER
The Biocreative Task in SEER

... The BIOCREATIVE NER Task • Given a single sentence from an abstract, to identify all mentions of genes • “(or proteins where there is ambiguity)” • In November changed the task to identify all mentions of genes and proteins (but not ...
Cooperation between upstream and downstream
Cooperation between upstream and downstream

... or repression of a given promoter will occur only if a particular combination of factors and cofactors has built up on it. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms implicated in this process clearly requires the identification and characterization of the factors involved, as well as their relat ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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