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Question 1
Question 1

... d. (2 pts) Name any conserved domains and their function. Based on what you now know about protein Y, is this domain crucial to its function? Answer: there are two zinc finger domains present in this protein. One of the common functions of zinc fingers is to bind the major grove of DNA. Back on the ...
Document
Document

... plasmids for research or commercial applications. The recombinant plasmids can be used as a source of DNA or, if a few rules are followed, can be used to express protein from any organism. ...
Noise in eukaryotic gene expression
Noise in eukaryotic gene expression

... codon adaptation indices (0.183 and 0.115, respectively), the level of noise in GFPmut3b expression can, when assuming similar mRNA decay rates, be used as an indicator of tetR gene expression noise. By using a value of 4 AU for tetR gene expression noise in the simulations, we overestimate represso ...
book ppt - Castle High School
book ppt - Castle High School

... In the disease β-thalassemia, a mutation may occur at an intron consensus sequence in the β-globin gene—the premRNA can not be spliced correctly. Non-functional β-globin mRNA is produced, which shows how mutations are used to elucidate cause-and-effect relationships. Alternative splicing results in ...
Chapter 10 DNA to Protein
Chapter 10 DNA to Protein

... In the disease β-thalassemia, a mutation may occur at an intron consensus sequence in the β-globin gene—the premRNA can not be spliced correctly. Non-functional β-globin mRNA is produced, which shows how mutations are used to elucidate cause-and-effect relationships. Alternative splicing results in ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... 3) Cloning from the protein: either from pr sequence, or using antibodies, or some biochemical property of the protein (e.g., or DNA binding) 4) By homology (low stringency hybridizat 5) POSITIONAL CLONING ...
RNA interference - genemol de Jean
RNA interference - genemol de Jean

... of a loop between the two strands, thus producing a single transcript, which can be processed into a functional siRNA. This transcription cassette usually uses an RNA polymerase III promoter, which direct the transcription of small nuclear RNA's, such as U6 or H1. It is assumed (although not known f ...
Lecture 6: introduction to human genome and mammalian
Lecture 6: introduction to human genome and mammalian

... •  Human proteins are longer and have more domains, thus can interact with more proteins. •  Human genes undergo alternative splicing, thus one gene can generate multiple proteins •  The regulation of human genes is more complex: by transcription factors, microRNAs, phosphorylations etc. The same or ...
Name Date__________________ DNA and Protein Synthesis
Name Date__________________ DNA and Protein Synthesis

... 2-What protein does this DNA code for? 3-If instead of ACT, the first DNA triplet was ACG, which amino acid would be coded for? 4-What amino acid is carried by a tRNA with the anticodon, GUA? 5-Sickle cell anemia is a disease of red blood cells in which a genetic mutation in DNA leads to a mutation ...
Sept24_26_07 - Salamander Genome Project
Sept24_26_07 - Salamander Genome Project

... (1) RNA can evolve (via artificial selection) (2) Ribozymes have been selected to perform a number of protein-like tasks: phosphorylation, aminoacyl transfer, peptide bond formation, carbon-carbon bond formation ...
Basics of Molecular Biology
Basics of Molecular Biology

... What is the purpose of double-strandedness in DNA? One answer is that this redundancy of information is key to how the one-dimensional instructions of the cell are passed on to its descendant cells. During the cell cycle, the DNA double strand is split into its two separate strands. As it is split, ...
IBC Protocol Review Checklist
IBC Protocol Review Checklist

... Use of RG-1 Host-Vector systems & genes not covered elsewhere, may be conducted using BSL-1 containment De novo generation of transgenic/knockout Rodents requiring ABSL-1 containment Synthetic nucleic acid molecules that: (1) can neither replicate nor generate nucleic acids that can replicate in any ...
Lecture Slides - METU Computer Engineering
Lecture Slides - METU Computer Engineering

... Computing versus Biology • what computer science is to molecular biology is like what mathematics has been to physics ...... ...
Lecture Slides
Lecture Slides

... Computing versus Biology • what computer science is to molecular biology is like what mathematics has been to physics ...... ...
Lecture 4a (1/28/13) "Central Dogma"
Lecture 4a (1/28/13) "Central Dogma"

... DNA Replication Chicken & Egg Problem Have already shown that If DNA is long and therefore very stable, how can it replicate itself without an enzyme (to lower the activation energy)? (Nowadays, it uses DNA polymerase, which is an enzyme, i.e. protein.) The answer won a Nobel prize! Involves RNA… i ...
Genetics 314 – Spring 2004
Genetics 314 – Spring 2004

... transcription and the leader sequence for translation. Enzymes in eukaryotes recognize different base sequences than the enzymes needed for transcription and translation in prokaryotes. ...
Gene Expression
Gene Expression

... absolute and relative quantification methods. The former method is distinguished from the later method by reference to a standard curve versus reference to another reference sample. This distinction is misleading and should not be used. Absolute quantification is a myth, because all readings are rel ...
BIOLOGY-DNA replication, transcription, translation (DOC 98KB)
BIOLOGY-DNA replication, transcription, translation (DOC 98KB)

... Does each new cell need DNA to be present? Where does the extra DNA come from? Does DNA replication end when the old DNA creates a completely new DNA? What is the type of replication that DNA goes through called and what does this mean? Where does translation take place? In which direction is DNA bu ...
Project : Operon Prediction - Bioinformatics at School of Informatics
Project : Operon Prediction - Bioinformatics at School of Informatics

... Über-operon : A set of genes with a close functional and regulatory contexts that tends to be conserved despite numerous rearrangements. ...
The Structure of DNA and RNA
The Structure of DNA and RNA

... Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases, and more than 99 percent of those bases are the same in all people. The order, or sequence, of these bases determines the information available for building and maintaining an organism, similar to the way in which letters of the alphabet appear in a certa ...
Genome Anatomy - K
Genome Anatomy - K

... the human genome sequence would stretch for 5000 km, the distance from Montreal to London, Los Angeles to Panama, Tokyo to Calcutta, Cape Town to Addis Ababa, or Auckland to Perth ...
Statistical machine learning for computational biology
Statistical machine learning for computational biology

... interphase chromatin and mitotic chromosomes. This structure increases the packing ratio to about 40. The nal packaging occurs when the ber is organized in loops, scaolds and domains that give a nal packing ratio of about 1000 in interphase chromosomes and about 10,000 in mitotic chromosomes. On ...
Document
Document

... Proteomics is the study of the proteome: -All the proteins encoded by the genome. - A single gene can code for multiple proteins using alternative splicing. Although all the DNA in a genome can be isolated from a single cell, only a portion of the proteome is expressed in a single cell or tissue. Th ...
Gene Cloning - Fort Bend ISD
Gene Cloning - Fort Bend ISD

... A process that produces many identical copies of the same gene. • Allows multiple copies to be produced when there is very little DNA available. ...
Chapter 20 DNA Technology and Genomics
Chapter 20 DNA Technology and Genomics

... • RNA interference – utilizes double stranded RNA molecules that will match a particular gene sequence and trigger the breakdown or block translation ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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