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Student Exploration Sheet: Growing Plants
Student Exploration Sheet: Growing Plants

... transcription, a segment of DNA serves as a template to produce a complementary strand of RNA. This complementary strand is called messenger RNA, or mRNA. 3. Experiment: Like DNA, RNA follows base-pairing rules. Experiment to find which RNA nucleotide on the right side of the Gizmo will successfully ...
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... Oral exam is recommended for those students who understand the basic biological relationships. Two levels of oral exam can be chosen: basic or advanced level. Basic level exam: 2 topics have to be drawn from the topic list containing basic requirements. The maximum grade achievable is 3. One topic c ...
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... An organism living (operating) inside another  organism where they both benefit each other  ► MITOCHONDRIA are believed to be derived  from PURPLE BACTERIA  ► CHLOROPLASTS are believed to be derived  from CYANOBACTERIA  ...
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< 1 ... 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 ... 342 >

Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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