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Genome Organization and Replication
Genome Organization and Replication

... A. Kinds of genetic elements in prok and euks 1. Prok and Euk have chromosomes and plasmids B. Prok. chromosome is usually _________________ (Fig. 16.10) C. Usually only have 1 but number can be more if prok. is growing D. Bacteria chromosome can be replicated throughout the cell cycle. E. All proka ...
Enzymes - SAVE MY EXAMS!
Enzymes - SAVE MY EXAMS!

... The investigation was done at 37 °C. (ii) State one other variable that the student should have controlled during this investigation. ...
A Comparative Genomic Method for Computational
A Comparative Genomic Method for Computational

... Sets of 3+ DnaA-regulated, orthologous transcription units containing at least 1 cross-species pair of binding sites displaying conservation of sequence (2+ identical DnaA boxes) or location (within 20 base pairs) (127/88) ...
Unit 5: Biological Systems (1st Certificate, 1st Diploma) Unit abstract
Unit 5: Biological Systems (1st Certificate, 1st Diploma) Unit abstract

... Unit 5: Biological Systems (1st Certificate, 1st Diploma) Unit abstract It is important that learners on an applied science programme have a good understanding of basic concepts of biology in order that these may be developed and used in a variety of applications, including the understanding of heal ...
Option D Evolution - A - Origin of Life
Option D Evolution - A - Origin of Life

... 2. Single stranded RNA exhibits catalytic activity. RNA in the ribosome acts to catalyze protein synthesis in present day cells. 3. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that RNAs with no catalytic activity can evolve to structures with various catalytic functions. (see Ribozymes) 4. RNA has also bee ...
103 Lecture Ch22b
103 Lecture Ch22b

... • Mutations in somatic (non-reproductive) cells can lead to uncontrolled growth, or cancer • However, the cell has mechanisms to protect against mutation - during replication, the new DNA is proofread, and most mistakes are corrected - mutations that remain after proofreading may be corrected by oth ...
RNA - Ms Kim`s Biology Class
RNA - Ms Kim`s Biology Class

... 8. Why is DNA replication called "semi-conservative"? __________________________________________ 9. The two sides of the DNA helix are held together by ________________________ 10. What are the DNA base pairing rules? What are the RNA base pairing rules? DNA ______________________ RNA ______________ ...
Unit 5 quesitons
Unit 5 quesitons

... 33. Explain the initiation step in protein synthesis. Include all the steps. 34. Describe elongation. Include all steps. 35. Describe the way in which the end of translation is signaled. 36. Explain what happens to eukaryotic mRNA during its post-transcriptional modification. Include an explanation ...
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DNA & RNA

... Type of bond between sugars and phosphates that hold the back bone together. ...
Chapter 17
Chapter 17

... Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
RNA Secondary Structure Based Prediction of Simian
RNA Secondary Structure Based Prediction of Simian

... 5’-leader sequence showed that there are highly conserved regions among SIV subtypes. From these regions, the secondary structures were predicted to find several stem-loops. Gel shift assay showed that some SIV candidate stem-loops had relatively high binding affinity with NCp8. Although further experi ...
Observed Rate of Bubble Formation Distance to Light Observations
Observed Rate of Bubble Formation Distance to Light Observations

... cells make an inactive protein that is too small. Which statement most likely explain why the cell make an inactive protein? Only introns were used to create the protein. The codons in the mRNA each contained only two nucleotides. There was a mutation in the cell’s DNA sequence. There were too few a ...
The methanol oxidation genes mxaFJGIR(S)ACKLD in
The methanol oxidation genes mxaFJGIR(S)ACKLD in

... The genes mxaFJGI are transcribed from a promoter upstream of mxaF ; this is the only promoter so far de¢nitively identi¢ed in a methylotroph [4,7]. About 2 kb downstream from mxaI in Methylobacterium extorquens is another cluster of genes (mxaACKLD) some, if not all, of which are involved in the in ...
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES

... Advantages - Disadvantages ™ DNA polymorphisms – rearrangements at or between oligonucleotide primer binding sites in the genome ™ No prior knowledge - can be employed across species using universal primers ™ Fast ™ Major drawback o Profiling is dependent on the reaction conditions o Profiles are n ...
DNA Helicase - TASIS IB Biology
DNA Helicase - TASIS IB Biology

... Role of DNA Helicase DNA is an ATP-driven motor protein. Its role is to unwind the duplex DNA in order to provide a single-stranded DNA for replication, transcription, and recombination for instance. ...
Transgenic mice: generation and husbandry
Transgenic mice: generation and husbandry

... that, in humans, serves as the receptor for the virus. Tg mice expressing the human gene for the receptor can be infected by polio virus and even develop paralysis and other pathological changes characteristic of the disease in humans ...
File - MRS. WILSON Science
File - MRS. WILSON Science

... prokaryotes, but we will focus on eukaryotes. • During the S stage of the cell cycle, the DNA is loosely organized in the nucleus. Certain enzymes start to unzip the double helix at places called origins of replication. The double helix unzips in both directions along the strand. Eukaryotic chromoso ...
The antenatal diagnosis of sickle cell disease
The antenatal diagnosis of sickle cell disease

... initiator codon (AUG) which codes for methionine and is later removed from the polypeptide chain, the sequence of 438 bases which code in triolets for the sequence of the 146 amino-acid of the normal Beta polypeptide, the chain termination codon (UAA), a sequence which is also not translated. The D ...
Protein Synthesis Analogy
Protein Synthesis Analogy

... of _______________________________ in a particular order. The instructions for making a protein come from the _____________________ which contains the DNA/genes. Since the DNA never leaves the nucleus, a genetic message called mRNA must be copied and taken to the ___________________________, where p ...
CFE Higher Biology Unit one
CFE Higher Biology Unit one

... gel electrophoresis a technique used to separate out fragments of digested DNA based on their size and charge. gene frequency the proportion of a population containing a particular type of allele. genetic discrimination what may result if information on an individual’s is widely known to such bodies ...
Assessment Statement
Assessment Statement

... IB says: Originally, it was assumed that one gene would invariably code for one polypeptide, but many exceptions have been discovered. ...
Genome Structure - Pennsylvania State University
Genome Structure - Pennsylvania State University

... • Genomics is the study of genomes, including large chromosomal segments containing many genes. • The initial phase of genomics aims to map and sequence an initial set of entire genomes. • Functional genomics aims to deduce information about the function of DNA sequences. – Should continue long afte ...
Homologous Promoter Use in Genetic Modification
Homologous Promoter Use in Genetic Modification

... expression of one or more transgenes. For certain applications, a homologous promoter may be a better choice since it is likely to provide a more precise level of developmental and spatial control and its activity may be stronger in the native environment. The benefits of homologous promoter use were ...
RNAi
RNAi

... • GAL4 is a transcriptional activator from yeast that recognizes a DNA sequence called the UAS (upstream activating sequence) • We can use this to control expression of YFG in a tissue specific manner by using enhancer elements specific for the tissue we are interested in ...
Anti-MRF antibody - Oligodendrocyte Marker ab85464 Product datasheet 1 Image
Anti-MRF antibody - Oligodendrocyte Marker ab85464 Product datasheet 1 Image

... myelination. Probably acts as a transcription factor that directly binds DNA and activates expression of CNS myelin genes. ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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