OCR_Organic_Chemistry_AS_summary
... • Small chain alcohols dissolve easily into water • Longer chain alcohols are less soluble, there is a decrease in solubility as the chain length increases. • Whilst smaller alcohols form hydrogen bonds with the water molecules, compensating for the hydrogen bonds broken, larger alcohols break more ...
... • Small chain alcohols dissolve easily into water • Longer chain alcohols are less soluble, there is a decrease in solubility as the chain length increases. • Whilst smaller alcohols form hydrogen bonds with the water molecules, compensating for the hydrogen bonds broken, larger alcohols break more ...
Balancing Chemical Reactions
... • These are the only thing that can be used to balance chemical equations. ...
... • These are the only thing that can be used to balance chemical equations. ...
Oxidation of alcohols
... Let us look at the basic reaction of an alcohol with a strong oxidising agent. ...
... Let us look at the basic reaction of an alcohol with a strong oxidising agent. ...
Erythro and Threo
... There are four D-aldopentoses. Draw Fischer projections of each of them. Then draw Fischer projections of the aldaric acids they would yield. Which of those aldaric acids would be optically ...
... There are four D-aldopentoses. Draw Fischer projections of each of them. Then draw Fischer projections of the aldaric acids they would yield. Which of those aldaric acids would be optically ...
Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes
... Reaction yields an alcohol Syn stereochemistry • Both C-H and C-B bonds form at the same time and from the same face of the double-bond Product has “anti”-Markovnikov regiochemistry ...
... Reaction yields an alcohol Syn stereochemistry • Both C-H and C-B bonds form at the same time and from the same face of the double-bond Product has “anti”-Markovnikov regiochemistry ...
Two-coordinate group 14 element(ii) hydrides as
... into the polar d+B–Hd linkage.3 This mechanism has also been used to explain the typically observed cis-/anti-Markovnikov addition of boranes to unsaturated hydrocarbons. While much less studied than boranes, a variety of electron decient, polar hydride complexes of aluminium, the heavier group 13 ...
... into the polar d+B–Hd linkage.3 This mechanism has also been used to explain the typically observed cis-/anti-Markovnikov addition of boranes to unsaturated hydrocarbons. While much less studied than boranes, a variety of electron decient, polar hydride complexes of aluminium, the heavier group 13 ...
KINETIC AND MECHANISTIC STUDY OF OXIDATION OF ESTER
... negligible effect on the rate. For reactions in solution the nature of solvent plays an important role which has been discussed in detail by Aims . In present investigation, effect of solvent could not be studies because of reactivity of solvent such as alcohol ...
... negligible effect on the rate. For reactions in solution the nature of solvent plays an important role which has been discussed in detail by Aims . In present investigation, effect of solvent could not be studies because of reactivity of solvent such as alcohol ...
Chapter 4 - Nomenclature and Conformations of Alkanes and
... - Numbering of the chain always begins at the end nearer the grou named as a su x 1) Select the longest continuous carbon chain to which the hydroxyl is directly attached. Change the name of the alkane corresponding to this chain by dropping the nal −e and adding the su x −ol 2) Number the longest ...
... - Numbering of the chain always begins at the end nearer the grou named as a su x 1) Select the longest continuous carbon chain to which the hydroxyl is directly attached. Change the name of the alkane corresponding to this chain by dropping the nal −e and adding the su x −ol 2) Number the longest ...
Document
... For the electrophilic addition of HX to an unsymmetrically substituted alkene: • The more highly substituted carbocation intermediate is favored (hyperconjugation). • The more highly substituted carbocation is formed faster than the less substituted carbocation and also thermodynamically more stabl ...
... For the electrophilic addition of HX to an unsymmetrically substituted alkene: • The more highly substituted carbocation intermediate is favored (hyperconjugation). • The more highly substituted carbocation is formed faster than the less substituted carbocation and also thermodynamically more stabl ...
Nucleophilic Substitution and b
... nucleophile electrophile Characteristics • RO-, an alkoxide ion, is both a strong nucleophile (unless bulky and hindered) and a strong base. Both SN2 (desired) and E2 (undesired side product) can occur. • Choose nucleophile and electrophile carefully. Maximize SN2 and minimize E2 reaction by choosin ...
... nucleophile electrophile Characteristics • RO-, an alkoxide ion, is both a strong nucleophile (unless bulky and hindered) and a strong base. Both SN2 (desired) and E2 (undesired side product) can occur. • Choose nucleophile and electrophile carefully. Maximize SN2 and minimize E2 reaction by choosin ...
Oxidation of Cyclohexanol to Cyclohexanone Notes
... Cyclohexanol is an irritant. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Glacial acetic acid is a dehydrating agent, an irritant, and corrosive which means it causes burns. Handle it with care. Dispense it in a fume hood and avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Sodium hypochlorite solution ...
... Cyclohexanol is an irritant. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Glacial acetic acid is a dehydrating agent, an irritant, and corrosive which means it causes burns. Handle it with care. Dispense it in a fume hood and avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Sodium hypochlorite solution ...
Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data
... There are between 10 and 20 million known compounds that can actually or hypothetically react with each other in an astronomical number of ways and it is therefore literally impossible to catalog all the possible heats of reaction. To get around this problem we define for each substance a standard ...
... There are between 10 and 20 million known compounds that can actually or hypothetically react with each other in an astronomical number of ways and it is therefore literally impossible to catalog all the possible heats of reaction. To get around this problem we define for each substance a standard ...
1.1 10 Oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes
... begins. Over time, the taste and colour of the wine change, and often a brownish tint can be seen when the glass containing the wine is held against a white background. This occurs because compounds in the wine called tannins are oxidised when exposed to air. This oxidation produces small quantities ...
... begins. Over time, the taste and colour of the wine change, and often a brownish tint can be seen when the glass containing the wine is held against a white background. This occurs because compounds in the wine called tannins are oxidised when exposed to air. This oxidation produces small quantities ...
chemical reaction
... • Before a reaction can start, molecules of the reactants have to bump into each other, or collide. • The collision must be strong enough. • This means the reactants must smash into each other with a certain amount of energy. • To start any chemical reaction, a minimum amount of energy is needed. • ...
... • Before a reaction can start, molecules of the reactants have to bump into each other, or collide. • The collision must be strong enough. • This means the reactants must smash into each other with a certain amount of energy. • To start any chemical reaction, a minimum amount of energy is needed. • ...
exam review - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... 11. a) Calculate the concentration of glucose (C6H12O6) in a solution in which 10.0 g of glucose is dissolved in water and diluted to a final volume of 200.0 mL. b) Determine the volume of commercial grade nitric acid (15.8 mol/L HNO 3) that is needed to prepare 100.0 mL of 3.00 mol/L HNO3. c) Rubbi ...
... 11. a) Calculate the concentration of glucose (C6H12O6) in a solution in which 10.0 g of glucose is dissolved in water and diluted to a final volume of 200.0 mL. b) Determine the volume of commercial grade nitric acid (15.8 mol/L HNO 3) that is needed to prepare 100.0 mL of 3.00 mol/L HNO3. c) Rubbi ...
102 Lecture Ch17
... (except PCC, which forms aldehydes) • Aldehydes can be oxidized to carboxylic acids with most oxidizing agents, such as Tollens’reagent (AgNO3/NH3) - alcohols do not react with Tollens CrO3 OH ...
... (except PCC, which forms aldehydes) • Aldehydes can be oxidized to carboxylic acids with most oxidizing agents, such as Tollens’reagent (AgNO3/NH3) - alcohols do not react with Tollens CrO3 OH ...
Unit-8-Alcohols-Aldehydes-Ketones
... Multiple products occur whenever there are a different number of hydrogen atoms attached to the two carbons double-bonded carbons in the alkene. • Markovnikov’s Rule can be used to predict which of the two products is predicted to be the major product. -The hydrogen from the water in a hydration rea ...
... Multiple products occur whenever there are a different number of hydrogen atoms attached to the two carbons double-bonded carbons in the alkene. • Markovnikov’s Rule can be used to predict which of the two products is predicted to be the major product. -The hydrogen from the water in a hydration rea ...
Nuggets of Knowledge for Chapter 10 – Alkyl Halides II Chem 2310 I
... Some of the factors which affect nucleophile strength are the same as base strength, while others are different. ◦ Charge: Negatively charged molecules are stronger nucleophiles and stronger bases. This is because when a negatively charged atom attacks, it becomes neutral, but when a neutral atom at ...
... Some of the factors which affect nucleophile strength are the same as base strength, while others are different. ◦ Charge: Negatively charged molecules are stronger nucleophiles and stronger bases. This is because when a negatively charged atom attacks, it becomes neutral, but when a neutral atom at ...
Chemistry - Tiwariacademy.net
... Why is sulphuric acid not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI? Answer In the presence of sulphuric acid (H2SO4), KI produces HI ...
... Why is sulphuric acid not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI? Answer In the presence of sulphuric acid (H2SO4), KI produces HI ...
Conceptual Organic Chemistry
... Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds and is probably the most active and important field of chemistry, due to its extreme applicability to both, life and industry. Organic chemistry involves few basic principles and many extensions and applications of these principles. After studyi ...
... Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds and is probably the most active and important field of chemistry, due to its extreme applicability to both, life and industry. Organic chemistry involves few basic principles and many extensions and applications of these principles. After studyi ...
Asymmetric induction
Asymmetric induction (also enantioinduction) in stereochemistry describes the preferential formation in a chemical reaction of one enantiomer or diastereoisomer over the other as a result of the influence of a chiral feature present in the substrate, reagent, catalyst or environment. Asymmetric induction is a key element in asymmetric synthesis.Asymmetric induction was introduced by Hermann Emil Fischer based on his work on carbohydrates. Several types of induction exist.Internal asymmetric induction makes use of a chiral center bound to the reactive center through a covalent bond and remains so during the reaction. The starting material is often derived from chiral pool synthesis. In relayed asymmetric induction the chiral information is introduced in a separate step and removed again in a separate chemical reaction. Special synthons are called chiral auxiliaries. In external asymmetric induction chiral information is introduced in the transition state through a catalyst of chiral ligand. This method of asymmetric synthesis is economically most desirable.