Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic Ethers through a Vanadium
... by epoxidation and subsequent addition of camphor sulfonic acid (CSA; 5 mol %) to complete the cyclization. Homoallylic alcohol 11 also furnished 2,4-cis-substituted THF ring 12 as the major product in good yield (31 %) with high enantiomeric excess (89 % ee) and only a slight decrease in the diaste ...
... by epoxidation and subsequent addition of camphor sulfonic acid (CSA; 5 mol %) to complete the cyclization. Homoallylic alcohol 11 also furnished 2,4-cis-substituted THF ring 12 as the major product in good yield (31 %) with high enantiomeric excess (89 % ee) and only a slight decrease in the diaste ...
Qualitative Analysis II Notes
... carbon of a carbonyl group and form a highly colored conjugated hydrazone material in a reaction similar to that of oxime formation. This test shows the presence of aldehydes and ketones. There should be no reaction with alcohols and acids, however many alcohols over time undergo some autooxidation ...
... carbon of a carbonyl group and form a highly colored conjugated hydrazone material in a reaction similar to that of oxime formation. This test shows the presence of aldehydes and ketones. There should be no reaction with alcohols and acids, however many alcohols over time undergo some autooxidation ...
7. AS mechanisms
... The rate of these substitution reactions depends on the strength of the C-X bond The weaker the bond, the easier it is to break and the faster the reaction. The iodoalkanes are the fastest to substitute and the fluoroalkanes are the slowest. The strength of the C-F bond is such that fluoroalkanes ar ...
... The rate of these substitution reactions depends on the strength of the C-X bond The weaker the bond, the easier it is to break and the faster the reaction. The iodoalkanes are the fastest to substitute and the fluoroalkanes are the slowest. The strength of the C-F bond is such that fluoroalkanes ar ...
Final Review: L17-25
... 4. Oxidation number of an oxygen atom is usually -2. 5. In a molecular compound, the more electronegative element carries a negative oxidation number equal to its charge as an anion. 6. In an ionic compound, the sum of the oxidation numbers for each of the atoms in the compound is equal to 0. 7. In ...
... 4. Oxidation number of an oxygen atom is usually -2. 5. In a molecular compound, the more electronegative element carries a negative oxidation number equal to its charge as an anion. 6. In an ionic compound, the sum of the oxidation numbers for each of the atoms in the compound is equal to 0. 7. In ...
Chapter 7 + 8
... Markovnikov addition – in an electrophilic addition, the heavier atom adds to the more substituted carbon ...
... Markovnikov addition – in an electrophilic addition, the heavier atom adds to the more substituted carbon ...
Chapter 7
... reactions that cause the milk to spoil • Increasing the temperature of a substance causes its particles to move faster, on average. • Particles that move faster are both more likely to collide and more likely to react. • If the number of collisions that produce reactions increases, then the reaction ...
... reactions that cause the milk to spoil • Increasing the temperature of a substance causes its particles to move faster, on average. • Particles that move faster are both more likely to collide and more likely to react. • If the number of collisions that produce reactions increases, then the reaction ...
Development of Novel Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions using
... by NMR experiments. These results, together with those of Scheme 8, imply that while the nucleophilicity of the bidentate Pd enolates generated from the complex 2 is insufficient to react with enones, the reaction can occur thanks to the activation of enone by protic acid generated simultaneously fr ...
... by NMR experiments. These results, together with those of Scheme 8, imply that while the nucleophilicity of the bidentate Pd enolates generated from the complex 2 is insufficient to react with enones, the reaction can occur thanks to the activation of enone by protic acid generated simultaneously fr ...
Chapter 6: Molecular Modeling Problems
... Chapter 6: Properties of Haloalkanes 1. Charge Distributions in Transition States. Organic chemists have developed a powerful nomenclature to designate chemical reactions. Here, curved or “curly” arrows are used to indicate transfer of a pair or electrons (a bond or a lone pair) from one place in a ...
... Chapter 6: Properties of Haloalkanes 1. Charge Distributions in Transition States. Organic chemists have developed a powerful nomenclature to designate chemical reactions. Here, curved or “curly” arrows are used to indicate transfer of a pair or electrons (a bond or a lone pair) from one place in a ...
8th Grade Ch. 7 Chemical Reactions Study guide
... ____ 26. Catalysts ____ the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction. A. inhibit B. increase C. reduce D. balance ____ 27. To check that an equation is balanced, count the number of ____ on each side of the equation. A. ions B. molecules C. atoms of each type D. types of elements ____ 2 ...
... ____ 26. Catalysts ____ the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction. A. inhibit B. increase C. reduce D. balance ____ 27. To check that an equation is balanced, count the number of ____ on each side of the equation. A. ions B. molecules C. atoms of each type D. types of elements ____ 2 ...
Part II Biochemistry
... a maximum of 2n possible stereoisomers and half that many pairs of enantiomers (mirror images). •This aldotetrosose, has 2 chiral carbon atoms and a total of 22 = 4 possible stereoisomers (2 pairs of ...
... a maximum of 2n possible stereoisomers and half that many pairs of enantiomers (mirror images). •This aldotetrosose, has 2 chiral carbon atoms and a total of 22 = 4 possible stereoisomers (2 pairs of ...
ABCT2423
... The aim of this subject is to enable students to understand organic chemistry through a study of the basic reaction types, the basic principles and the uses of common spectroscopic techniques available for functional group identification. Emphasis will be placed on reactions and compounds with struc ...
... The aim of this subject is to enable students to understand organic chemistry through a study of the basic reaction types, the basic principles and the uses of common spectroscopic techniques available for functional group identification. Emphasis will be placed on reactions and compounds with struc ...
Review for Exam #1
... • if there are no substituents, the double bond does not need a number. • if there is a substituent, the carbons in the double bond are numbered as 1 and 2, and the ring is numbered from carbon 2 in the direction that will give the lower number to the substituent. cyclopentene ...
... • if there are no substituents, the double bond does not need a number. • if there is a substituent, the carbons in the double bond are numbered as 1 and 2, and the ring is numbered from carbon 2 in the direction that will give the lower number to the substituent. cyclopentene ...
A Diels-Alder Synthesis
... The Diels-Alder reaction usually proceeds with endo selectivity. This means that the product in which the activating electron-withdrawing group of the dienophile is located in the endo position is formed faster than the alternative exo isomer. This happens even though the exo product is sometimes mo ...
... The Diels-Alder reaction usually proceeds with endo selectivity. This means that the product in which the activating electron-withdrawing group of the dienophile is located in the endo position is formed faster than the alternative exo isomer. This happens even though the exo product is sometimes mo ...
Option G Further Organic Chemistry
... Include the substituents –CH3, –OH and – NO2. Include the terms activating and deactivating. Only the introduction of one further group will be assessed, except for the formation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. The directing effects can be explained in terms of the charge distribution of the intermediates ...
... Include the substituents –CH3, –OH and – NO2. Include the terms activating and deactivating. Only the introduction of one further group will be assessed, except for the formation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. The directing effects can be explained in terms of the charge distribution of the intermediates ...
Organic Nomenclature - Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes
... 1. Count carbon atoms in the chain, and identify multiple bonds by the –ene or –yne, as appropriate. 2. Number carbon atoms so that the lowest number indicates the multiple bond position 3. Indicate the double/triple bond position with the number and dash, followed by the name EX. ...
... 1. Count carbon atoms in the chain, and identify multiple bonds by the –ene or –yne, as appropriate. 2. Number carbon atoms so that the lowest number indicates the multiple bond position 3. Indicate the double/triple bond position with the number and dash, followed by the name EX. ...
10. Alcohols - The Student Room
... Ethanol as biofuel A biofuel is a fuel produced from plants Ethanol produced from fermentation is a biofuel. It can be argued that ethanol produced from this method is classed as carbon–neutral as any carbon dioxide given off when the biofuel is burnt would have been extracted from the air by photos ...
... Ethanol as biofuel A biofuel is a fuel produced from plants Ethanol produced from fermentation is a biofuel. It can be argued that ethanol produced from this method is classed as carbon–neutral as any carbon dioxide given off when the biofuel is burnt would have been extracted from the air by photos ...
Chapter 9
... To obtain a trans alkene from reduction of alkyne a different mechanism is required ...
... To obtain a trans alkene from reduction of alkyne a different mechanism is required ...
Asymmetric induction
Asymmetric induction (also enantioinduction) in stereochemistry describes the preferential formation in a chemical reaction of one enantiomer or diastereoisomer over the other as a result of the influence of a chiral feature present in the substrate, reagent, catalyst or environment. Asymmetric induction is a key element in asymmetric synthesis.Asymmetric induction was introduced by Hermann Emil Fischer based on his work on carbohydrates. Several types of induction exist.Internal asymmetric induction makes use of a chiral center bound to the reactive center through a covalent bond and remains so during the reaction. The starting material is often derived from chiral pool synthesis. In relayed asymmetric induction the chiral information is introduced in a separate step and removed again in a separate chemical reaction. Special synthons are called chiral auxiliaries. In external asymmetric induction chiral information is introduced in the transition state through a catalyst of chiral ligand. This method of asymmetric synthesis is economically most desirable.