M.Sc. 2015
... (i) chloronium ion can attack the π-electron cloud of benzene to form π-complex. (ii) the π-complex is then converted into σ-complex. (iii) the σ-complex thus formed is a carbonium ion which is stabilized by resonance. (i), (ii) and (iii) are false (i), (ii) and (iii) are true (i), (ii) are true and ...
... (i) chloronium ion can attack the π-electron cloud of benzene to form π-complex. (ii) the π-complex is then converted into σ-complex. (iii) the σ-complex thus formed is a carbonium ion which is stabilized by resonance. (i), (ii) and (iii) are false (i), (ii) and (iii) are true (i), (ii) are true and ...
Practice Test 2
... The correct complete ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of Ca(NO3)2 and Na2CO3 are mixed is A) Ca(NO3)2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) ----> CaCO3(s) + 2 NaNO3(aq) B) Ca2+(aq) + 2 NO3-(aq) + 2 Na+(aq) + CO32-(aq) ----> CaCO3(s) + 2 Na+(aq) + 2 NO3-(aq) C) Ca2+(aq) + 2 NO3-(aq) + 2 ...
... The correct complete ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of Ca(NO3)2 and Na2CO3 are mixed is A) Ca(NO3)2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) ----> CaCO3(s) + 2 NaNO3(aq) B) Ca2+(aq) + 2 NO3-(aq) + 2 Na+(aq) + CO32-(aq) ----> CaCO3(s) + 2 Na+(aq) + 2 NO3-(aq) C) Ca2+(aq) + 2 NO3-(aq) + 2 ...
Diels-Alder Reaction
... without the intervention of radicals, carbocations, or other intermediates. It is a powerful method for the construction of cyclohexene rings, and has become such a mainstay of organic synthesis that its discoverers, Otto Diels and Kurt Alder, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1950 for th ...
... without the intervention of radicals, carbocations, or other intermediates. It is a powerful method for the construction of cyclohexene rings, and has become such a mainstay of organic synthesis that its discoverers, Otto Diels and Kurt Alder, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1950 for th ...
Cell Molecules
... Amino acids are joined together when a dehydration reaction removes a hydroxyl group from the carboxyl end of one amino acid and a hydrogen from the amino group of another. The resulting covalent bond is called a peptide bond. ...
... Amino acids are joined together when a dehydration reaction removes a hydroxyl group from the carboxyl end of one amino acid and a hydrogen from the amino group of another. The resulting covalent bond is called a peptide bond. ...
Chemistry Crunch #12.2: Organic Reactions KEY Why? Learning
... 2. We learned how to classify many non-organic chemical reactions. Which one of these will an organic saponification reaction resemble? ...
... 2. We learned how to classify many non-organic chemical reactions. Which one of these will an organic saponification reaction resemble? ...
Organic Reactions
... Organic Reactions Why? Many organic reactions lead to products we use everyday. Organic reactions can be categorized by looking at the reactants used and the products formed. Soap, alcohol, fragrances, flavors and flames in your barbeque are all products of organic reactions. ...
... Organic Reactions Why? Many organic reactions lead to products we use everyday. Organic reactions can be categorized by looking at the reactants used and the products formed. Soap, alcohol, fragrances, flavors and flames in your barbeque are all products of organic reactions. ...
Nucleophilic Addition to Carbonyl Groups
... The reverse of acetal formation if acetal hydrolysis. This is achieved by excess water in the presence of an acid catalyst. ...
... The reverse of acetal formation if acetal hydrolysis. This is achieved by excess water in the presence of an acid catalyst. ...
This exam will consist of 30-35 multiple choice or short answer
... What are the major differences between SN2 and SN1 mechanisms? Briefly explain how structure of the alkyl halide substrate affects reactivity in SN2 and SN1 reactions. Why does 1-bromobutane react faster than 1-chlorobutane? Explain the two types of reactions used in this experiment to determine SN2 ...
... What are the major differences between SN2 and SN1 mechanisms? Briefly explain how structure of the alkyl halide substrate affects reactivity in SN2 and SN1 reactions. Why does 1-bromobutane react faster than 1-chlorobutane? Explain the two types of reactions used in this experiment to determine SN2 ...
Amino Acid Tests
... metabolism. They not only catalyse all (or most) of the reactions in living cells, they control virtually all cellular processes. Deficiencies and excesses of these vital molecules therefore lead to physiological impairment which is exhibited in a wide variety of clinical symptoms and conditions a ...
... metabolism. They not only catalyse all (or most) of the reactions in living cells, they control virtually all cellular processes. Deficiencies and excesses of these vital molecules therefore lead to physiological impairment which is exhibited in a wide variety of clinical symptoms and conditions a ...
SMJK PEREMPUAN CHINA PULAU PINANG CHEMISTRY FORM 5
... (ii) Name reaction Y. [1m] ……………………………………………………… (e) Draw the structural formula for 2,3-dibromobutane. [1m] (f) Reaction B is a hydrogenation process. Identify substance P and the type of catalyst used. [2m] P: ………………………………………………………………………………. ...
... (ii) Name reaction Y. [1m] ……………………………………………………… (e) Draw the structural formula for 2,3-dibromobutane. [1m] (f) Reaction B is a hydrogenation process. Identify substance P and the type of catalyst used. [2m] P: ………………………………………………………………………………. ...
File
... bromochlorodifluoromethane are nonflammable • Because of this they can be used in fire extinguishers and as flame retardants • For environmental reasons, the use of many of these substances is being phased ...
... bromochlorodifluoromethane are nonflammable • Because of this they can be used in fire extinguishers and as flame retardants • For environmental reasons, the use of many of these substances is being phased ...
Activity 19: Creating New Materials
... food and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy – Baking bread or cookies ...
... food and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy – Baking bread or cookies ...
3.5 revision guide alcohols
... There is no further oxidation of the ketone under these conditions. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidised at all by potassium dichromate: This is because there is no hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon with the OH group ...
... There is no further oxidation of the ketone under these conditions. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidised at all by potassium dichromate: This is because there is no hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon with the OH group ...
Chem 231 Exam #3 Study Guide
... Know the order of substrate reactivities for the different reactions Know how to predict nucleophilicity (two rules) and the relative order of nucleophiles in protic solvent Be able to predict a good versus bad leaving group Know how solvents effect SN1 versus SN2 reactions Know how to name alkenes ...
... Know the order of substrate reactivities for the different reactions Know how to predict nucleophilicity (two rules) and the relative order of nucleophiles in protic solvent Be able to predict a good versus bad leaving group Know how solvents effect SN1 versus SN2 reactions Know how to name alkenes ...
Alkane Alkyl groups are represented by the R
... Bronsted acids and they liberate CO2 from carbonates and hydrogen carbonates. ...
... Bronsted acids and they liberate CO2 from carbonates and hydrogen carbonates. ...
Organic Chemistry II
... Carboxylic acids that have a carbonyl group one carbon removed from the carboxylic acid group decarboxylate readily when heated This occurs because the transition state is a six-membered cyclic molecule Resonance-stabilization also permits this process ...
... Carboxylic acids that have a carbonyl group one carbon removed from the carboxylic acid group decarboxylate readily when heated This occurs because the transition state is a six-membered cyclic molecule Resonance-stabilization also permits this process ...
Carbonyl Compounds
... Esters do not have any free OH groups and therefore they are unable to form hydrogen bonds, either with other ester molecules or with water. This means that: the boiling points of esters are lower than the boiling points of carboxylic acids of similar Mr esters are almost insoluble in water Este ...
... Esters do not have any free OH groups and therefore they are unable to form hydrogen bonds, either with other ester molecules or with water. This means that: the boiling points of esters are lower than the boiling points of carboxylic acids of similar Mr esters are almost insoluble in water Este ...
Alcohols, acids and esters
... • Include the –COOH functional group • -C=O O H • Dissolves in water to form: e.g. CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+ • Carboxylic acids react in the same way as acids – but because they are only partially ionised at any one time they react more slowly – the concentration of [H+] is less than with, for example, H ...
... • Include the –COOH functional group • -C=O O H • Dissolves in water to form: e.g. CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+ • Carboxylic acids react in the same way as acids – but because they are only partially ionised at any one time they react more slowly – the concentration of [H+] is less than with, for example, H ...
Regulations of the International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO)
... Periodic table and trends (electronegativity, electron affinity, ionization energy, atomic and ionic size, melting points, metallic character, reactivity); Bond types (covalent, ionic, metallic), intermolecular forces and relation to properties; Molecular structures and simple VSEPR theory (up to 4 ...
... Periodic table and trends (electronegativity, electron affinity, ionization energy, atomic and ionic size, melting points, metallic character, reactivity); Bond types (covalent, ionic, metallic), intermolecular forces and relation to properties; Molecular structures and simple VSEPR theory (up to 4 ...
ORGANIC REACTIONS 14 APRIL 2015 Section A
... process it can be manufacture to degrade in about 3 months or over many years. It does not give off toxic gases when it is burned, but it cannot be mixed with other plastics when recycled. ...
... process it can be manufacture to degrade in about 3 months or over many years. It does not give off toxic gases when it is burned, but it cannot be mixed with other plastics when recycled. ...
Chapter 19 Summary - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... Protonation of the carbonyl oxygen activates the carbonyl group toward nucleophilic addition. Addition of an alcohol gives a tetrahedral intermediate (shown in the box in the preceding equation), which has the capacity to revert to starting materials or to undergo dehydration to yield an ester. Sect ...
... Protonation of the carbonyl oxygen activates the carbonyl group toward nucleophilic addition. Addition of an alcohol gives a tetrahedral intermediate (shown in the box in the preceding equation), which has the capacity to revert to starting materials or to undergo dehydration to yield an ester. Sect ...
ADVANCED SYNTHESIS Stereochemistry
... Gareth Rowlands ([email protected]) Ar402, http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Users/kafj6, Advanced Synthesis ...
... Gareth Rowlands ([email protected]) Ar402, http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Users/kafj6, Advanced Synthesis ...
Petasis reaction
The Petasis reaction (alternatively called the Petasis borono–Mannich (PBM) reaction) is the chemical reaction of an amine, aldehyde, and vinyl- or aryl-boronic acid to form substituted amines.Reported in 1993 by Nicos Petasis as a practical method towards the synthesis of a geometrically pure antifungal agent, naftifine, the Petasis reaction can be described as a variation of the Mannich reaction. Rather than generating an enolate to form the substituted amine product, in the Petasis reaction, the vinyl group of the organoboronic acid serves as the nucleophile. In comparison to other methods of generating allyl amines, the Petasis reaction tolerates a multifunctional scaffold, with a variety of amines and organoboronic acids as potential starting materials. Additionally, the reaction does not require anhydrous or inert conditions. As a mild, selective synthesis, the Petasis reaction is useful in generating α-amino acids, and is utilized in combinatorial chemistry and drug discovery.