Objective Reaction Type Structural Feature How to figure out how reactants react?
... b. Suggest a synthesis of (2). Use ethylene or propylene as your source of carbon atoms and any necessary inorganic reagents. c. On standing in dilute aqueous acid, Compound A is smoothly converted to Mevalonolactone. Suggest a reasonable mechanism for this reaction. For each step, use curved arrow ...
... b. Suggest a synthesis of (2). Use ethylene or propylene as your source of carbon atoms and any necessary inorganic reagents. c. On standing in dilute aqueous acid, Compound A is smoothly converted to Mevalonolactone. Suggest a reasonable mechanism for this reaction. For each step, use curved arrow ...
Microwave-Assisted Sulfamide Synthesis
... selective [1,5]. A novel transition-metal-catalyzed process for making unsymmetric sulfamides that was recently reported has several limitations, especially with ortho-isomers [1]. Even though other available methods report high yields, they either require reagents that are not readily accessible or ...
... selective [1,5]. A novel transition-metal-catalyzed process for making unsymmetric sulfamides that was recently reported has several limitations, especially with ortho-isomers [1]. Even though other available methods report high yields, they either require reagents that are not readily accessible or ...
10. Alkyl Halides
... Not defined as loss of electrons by an atom as in inorganic chemistry Oxidation is a reaction that results in loss of electron density at carbon (as more electronegative atoms replace hydrogen or carbon) Organic reduction is the opposite of oxidation Results in gain of electron density at ca ...
... Not defined as loss of electrons by an atom as in inorganic chemistry Oxidation is a reaction that results in loss of electron density at carbon (as more electronegative atoms replace hydrogen or carbon) Organic reduction is the opposite of oxidation Results in gain of electron density at ca ...
12SN-23-10 OBJECTIVE: Identify how alcohols are classified and
... Identify how alcohols are classified and named. Predict how the solubility of an alcohol varies with the length of its carbon chain. Name the reactions of alkenes that may be used to introduce functional groups. Construct the general structure of an ether and describe how ethers are named. Identify ...
... Identify how alcohols are classified and named. Predict how the solubility of an alcohol varies with the length of its carbon chain. Name the reactions of alkenes that may be used to introduce functional groups. Construct the general structure of an ether and describe how ethers are named. Identify ...
Option G Further Organic Chemistry
... be explained in terms of its electronreleasing nature. The greatly increased reactivity due to the presence of –OH can be explained in terms of its partial donation of a non-bonded electron pair. The decreased reactivity due to the presence of –NO2 can be explained in terms of its electron-withdrawi ...
... be explained in terms of its electronreleasing nature. The greatly increased reactivity due to the presence of –OH can be explained in terms of its partial donation of a non-bonded electron pair. The decreased reactivity due to the presence of –NO2 can be explained in terms of its electron-withdrawi ...
Synthesizing Organic Compounds
... Write a series of equations to illustrate the synthesis of ethyl butanoate from an alkene and an alcohol from simpler molecules. First, plan a pathway for the production of ethyl butanoate. To make the “ethyl” portion of the ester, we will need to synthesize the necessary alcohol, ethanol. Ethanol c ...
... Write a series of equations to illustrate the synthesis of ethyl butanoate from an alkene and an alcohol from simpler molecules. First, plan a pathway for the production of ethyl butanoate. To make the “ethyl” portion of the ester, we will need to synthesize the necessary alcohol, ethanol. Ethanol c ...
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
... Esters can also react with amines or ammonia to form amides. This reaction doesn't involve acid catalysis, so the first step is nucleophilic attack at the carbonyl carbon. Proton transfer follows and loss of the alcohol portion of the ester. ...
... Esters can also react with amines or ammonia to form amides. This reaction doesn't involve acid catalysis, so the first step is nucleophilic attack at the carbonyl carbon. Proton transfer follows and loss of the alcohol portion of the ester. ...
OS-FGI Lecture2
... VERY reactive! It can be generated by photolysing oxygen in the presence of a photosensitiser (usually a dye such as Rose Bengal). Singlet oxygen is nicely complementary to SeO2 in its allylic oxidations in that it forms allylic alcohols with migration of the double bond instead of retention of its ...
... VERY reactive! It can be generated by photolysing oxygen in the presence of a photosensitiser (usually a dye such as Rose Bengal). Singlet oxygen is nicely complementary to SeO2 in its allylic oxidations in that it forms allylic alcohols with migration of the double bond instead of retention of its ...
sn2 reactions of alkyl halides
... The alkyl halides play an important role in organic synthesis. They can be easily prepared from alcohols or alkenes, among other starting materials. They in turn can be used in the synthesis of a large number of functional groups. These syntheses are often carried out by nucleophilic substitution re ...
... The alkyl halides play an important role in organic synthesis. They can be easily prepared from alcohols or alkenes, among other starting materials. They in turn can be used in the synthesis of a large number of functional groups. These syntheses are often carried out by nucleophilic substitution re ...
Document
... • Hydrogen atoms add to the carbon atoms of a double bond or triple bond. • Converts unsaturated molecule to saturated • alkene or alkyne + H2 → alkane • Unsaturated vegetable oils reduced to produce saturated fats used in margarine and cooking products H H H2C CH2 + H2 ...
... • Hydrogen atoms add to the carbon atoms of a double bond or triple bond. • Converts unsaturated molecule to saturated • alkene or alkyne + H2 → alkane • Unsaturated vegetable oils reduced to produce saturated fats used in margarine and cooking products H H H2C CH2 + H2 ...
A-level Paper 2 Practice Paper 6 - A
... Step 3: The filtrate is cooled in ice to form crystals. Step 4: The crystals are collected by filtration, washed with cold water and left to dry. Explain the purpose of each underlined point. Minimum volume ............................................................................................. ...
... Step 3: The filtrate is cooled in ice to form crystals. Step 4: The crystals are collected by filtration, washed with cold water and left to dry. Explain the purpose of each underlined point. Minimum volume ............................................................................................. ...
OrganicChem10 RxPaths SOLUTIONS (2014)
... E. ethanoic acid (from D) + ethanamine (from B) to N-ethylethanamide (condensation) CH3COOH + H2NCH2CH3 CH3CONCH2CH3 + H2O ...
... E. ethanoic acid (from D) + ethanamine (from B) to N-ethylethanamide (condensation) CH3COOH + H2NCH2CH3 CH3CONCH2CH3 + H2O ...
Chapter 18 lectures as pdf
... This chapter • Less basic sources of nucleophilic carbon • Formation of C-C bonds but some chance of reversibility • Strategies for control of reversibility • Use in synthesis • Related reactions ...
... This chapter • Less basic sources of nucleophilic carbon • Formation of C-C bonds but some chance of reversibility • Strategies for control of reversibility • Use in synthesis • Related reactions ...
chemical reactions
... This is an introduction to chemical reactions. The goal is to demonstrate chemical reactions, reinforce formula writing, introduce students to writing and balancing chemical equations, and to present the reasons why chemical reactions go to completion. This can be reinforced by microscale or small s ...
... This is an introduction to chemical reactions. The goal is to demonstrate chemical reactions, reinforce formula writing, introduce students to writing and balancing chemical equations, and to present the reasons why chemical reactions go to completion. This can be reinforced by microscale or small s ...
Practice Exam 4 - BioChemWeb.net
... 5. (14 pts.) Draw a mechanism for the following reaction, showing every step, all intermediates and appropriate arrows to indicate direction of electron flow. O ...
... 5. (14 pts.) Draw a mechanism for the following reaction, showing every step, all intermediates and appropriate arrows to indicate direction of electron flow. O ...
Relative Reactivity of Aldehydes and Ketones: Generally
... Two alkyl groups versus only one alkyl group: Less sterics = less crowded transition state = lower activation barrier for aldehydes = FASTER reaction! b. Electronics: ...
... Two alkyl groups versus only one alkyl group: Less sterics = less crowded transition state = lower activation barrier for aldehydes = FASTER reaction! b. Electronics: ...
Single Replacement Reactions - Tri
... • Determined by the amount of oxygen. • Incomplete combustion occurs when there isn't enough oxygen to allow the fuel (usually a hydrocarbon) to react completely. • Carbon monoxide and pure carbon will be produced in addition to carbon dioxide and water in incomplete combustion. ...
... • Determined by the amount of oxygen. • Incomplete combustion occurs when there isn't enough oxygen to allow the fuel (usually a hydrocarbon) to react completely. • Carbon monoxide and pure carbon will be produced in addition to carbon dioxide and water in incomplete combustion. ...
File - chemistryworkshopjr
... Catalyzed reactions have a lower activation energy (rate-limiting free energy of activation) than the corresponding uncatalyzed reaction, resulting in a higher reaction rate at the same temperature and for the same reactant concentrations. However, the mechanistic explanation of catalysis is complex ...
... Catalyzed reactions have a lower activation energy (rate-limiting free energy of activation) than the corresponding uncatalyzed reaction, resulting in a higher reaction rate at the same temperature and for the same reactant concentrations. However, the mechanistic explanation of catalysis is complex ...
Chapter Nine: Alcohols, Ethers and Epoxides
... Use knowledge about nucleophilic substitution reactions to predict products of reaction with ethers and their mechanism of formation. Predict the stereochemistry and optical activity of a product from an understanding of its mechanism of formation. Propose a reaction or sequence of reactions t ...
... Use knowledge about nucleophilic substitution reactions to predict products of reaction with ethers and their mechanism of formation. Predict the stereochemistry and optical activity of a product from an understanding of its mechanism of formation. Propose a reaction or sequence of reactions t ...
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
... starting material) are both positively charged. Electronegative groups would destabilize both. However, the effect may be greater on the reactant because the positive charge is transferred to the carbonyl carbon by both an inductive and resonance effect, while in the intermediate there is only an in ...
... starting material) are both positively charged. Electronegative groups would destabilize both. However, the effect may be greater on the reactant because the positive charge is transferred to the carbonyl carbon by both an inductive and resonance effect, while in the intermediate there is only an in ...
Rxns of Alkynes
... c. easly get aldehyde 5. Hydrogenation a. usually can’t stop at alkene b. can stop only if using “poison” catalyst (Lindlar catalyst) c. get cis alkene for syn addition with Lindlar d. to get trans, use Na or Li in liquid ammonia (-78ºC) e. this is radical addition ...
... c. easly get aldehyde 5. Hydrogenation a. usually can’t stop at alkene b. can stop only if using “poison” catalyst (Lindlar catalyst) c. get cis alkene for syn addition with Lindlar d. to get trans, use Na or Li in liquid ammonia (-78ºC) e. this is radical addition ...
Chapter 1--Title
... A compound with general formula CnH2n-2 can have a triple bond, two double bonds, a double bond and a ring or two rings Index of Hydrogen Deficiency: the number of pairs of hydrogen atoms that must be subtracted from the molecular formula of the corresponding alkane to give the molecular formula o ...
... A compound with general formula CnH2n-2 can have a triple bond, two double bonds, a double bond and a ring or two rings Index of Hydrogen Deficiency: the number of pairs of hydrogen atoms that must be subtracted from the molecular formula of the corresponding alkane to give the molecular formula o ...
Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Epoxides
... • Primary: No reaction SN2 and SN1 • Secondary: Reaction in ~5 minutes • Tertiary, allylic, and benzylic: Reaction immediate ...
... • Primary: No reaction SN2 and SN1 • Secondary: Reaction in ~5 minutes • Tertiary, allylic, and benzylic: Reaction immediate ...
Ene reaction
The ene reaction (also known as the Alder-ene reaction) is a chemical reaction between an alkene with an allylic hydrogen (the ene) and a compound containing a multiple bond (the enophile), in order to form a new σ-bond with migration of the ene double bond and 1,5 hydrogen shift. The product is a substituted alkene with the double bond shifted to the allylic position.This transformation is a group transfer pericyclic reaction, and therefore, usually requires highly activated substrates and/or high temperatures. Nonetheless, the reaction is compatible with a wide variety of functional groups that can be appended to the ene and enophile moieties. Also,many useful Lewis acid-catalyzed ene reactions have been developed which can afford high yields and selectivities at significantly lower temperatures, making the ene reaction a useful C–C forming tool for the synthesis of complex molecules and natural products.