Chapter 17 - saddlespace.org
... changing T can change reaction from spontaneous to nonspontaneous (or vice versa) Free Energy (G) G0 = H0 - TS0 T MUST be in KELVIN. If G0 is NEGATIVE, the reaction is SPONTANEOUS. NOTE: Tabulated values for S0 are usually in J/mol K and H0 in kJ/mol. IX. Collision Theory In order for reacti ...
... changing T can change reaction from spontaneous to nonspontaneous (or vice versa) Free Energy (G) G0 = H0 - TS0 T MUST be in KELVIN. If G0 is NEGATIVE, the reaction is SPONTANEOUS. NOTE: Tabulated values for S0 are usually in J/mol K and H0 in kJ/mol. IX. Collision Theory In order for reacti ...
Lecture 17-edited
... 1,2-di > 1,2-tri > 1,2-tetra substituted. Different metal catalysts have been used for the purpose. Among them, platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd) and nickel (Ni) catalysts are commonly used. Ni Catalysts: C. R. Sarko, M. DiMare, Encyclopedia of Reagents for Or ...
... 1,2-di > 1,2-tri > 1,2-tetra substituted. Different metal catalysts have been used for the purpose. Among them, platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd) and nickel (Ni) catalysts are commonly used. Ni Catalysts: C. R. Sarko, M. DiMare, Encyclopedia of Reagents for Or ...
Organo halides
... In organic chemistry, we say that oxidation occurs when a carbon or hydrogen that is connected to a carbon atom in a structure is replaced by oxygen, nitrogen, or halogen Not defined as loss of electrons by an atom as in inorganic chemistry Oxidation is a reaction that results in loss of electron de ...
... In organic chemistry, we say that oxidation occurs when a carbon or hydrogen that is connected to a carbon atom in a structure is replaced by oxygen, nitrogen, or halogen Not defined as loss of electrons by an atom as in inorganic chemistry Oxidation is a reaction that results in loss of electron de ...
Modules 261 12th edition
... - Zaitsev’s Rule: Formation of the more Substituted Alkene is Favored with a Small Bases - Formation of the Less Substituted Alkenes Using a Bulky Base - The Stereochemistry of E2 Reactions: The Orientation of Group in the Transition State How to Favor an E2 Mechanism Elimination and Substitution Re ...
... - Zaitsev’s Rule: Formation of the more Substituted Alkene is Favored with a Small Bases - Formation of the Less Substituted Alkenes Using a Bulky Base - The Stereochemistry of E2 Reactions: The Orientation of Group in the Transition State How to Favor an E2 Mechanism Elimination and Substitution Re ...
NCEA Level 2 Chemistry (91165) 2012 Assessment Schedule
... the others are secondary or tertiary alcohols and can’t be oxidised to a carboxylic acid. Either of the two reagents could be used. Br2 will react with both substances, but the reaction with hexane is slow and requires UV light. Permanganate will only react with pent1-ene. Br2 reacts with pent-1-ene ...
... the others are secondary or tertiary alcohols and can’t be oxidised to a carboxylic acid. Either of the two reagents could be used. Br2 will react with both substances, but the reaction with hexane is slow and requires UV light. Permanganate will only react with pent1-ene. Br2 reacts with pent-1-ene ...
NCEA Level 2 Chemistry (91165) 2012
... the others are secondary or tertiary alcohols and can’t be oxidised to a carboxylic acid. Either of the two reagents could be used. Br2 will react with both substances, but the reaction with hexane is slow and requires UV light. Permanganate will only react with pent1-ene. Br2 reacts with pent-1-ene ...
... the others are secondary or tertiary alcohols and can’t be oxidised to a carboxylic acid. Either of the two reagents could be used. Br2 will react with both substances, but the reaction with hexane is slow and requires UV light. Permanganate will only react with pent1-ene. Br2 reacts with pent-1-ene ...
CHE-06 year 2004
... Outline ring bromination and sulphonation reactions of the following compounds. In each (7) case give the structure of the major reaction product(s). Also indicate whether the reaction would occur faster or slower than the corresponding reaction of benzene. i) ii) ...
... Outline ring bromination and sulphonation reactions of the following compounds. In each (7) case give the structure of the major reaction product(s). Also indicate whether the reaction would occur faster or slower than the corresponding reaction of benzene. i) ii) ...
Chemistry of Nitrogen-containing Organic
... • Name the fourth member of the family. • C N very polar • Will the C-atom be a nucleophile or electrophile? ...
... • Name the fourth member of the family. • C N very polar • Will the C-atom be a nucleophile or electrophile? ...
Acids and Bases
... A protic solvent is one in which hydrogen is attached to a highly electronegative atom such as oxygen or nitrogen e.g. water Solvation of both acetic acid and acetate ion occurs in water although the acetate is more stabilized by this solvation ...
... A protic solvent is one in which hydrogen is attached to a highly electronegative atom such as oxygen or nitrogen e.g. water Solvation of both acetic acid and acetate ion occurs in water although the acetate is more stabilized by this solvation ...
Exam 2
... worth studying. Also problems assigned for the text may also be helpful. Chap 9 &10-- Sn2, Sn1, E2 and E1 reactions. -Know the definitions of Sn2, Sn1, E2 and E1. -Be able to depict the reaction coordinate diagrams of each reaction -Be able to draw the mechanism, products and the stereochemical resu ...
... worth studying. Also problems assigned for the text may also be helpful. Chap 9 &10-- Sn2, Sn1, E2 and E1 reactions. -Know the definitions of Sn2, Sn1, E2 and E1. -Be able to depict the reaction coordinate diagrams of each reaction -Be able to draw the mechanism, products and the stereochemical resu ...
L-13
... the reaction and led to the production of allylated product 3a in 80% yield (entry 2).[6] Strong Lewis acids such as AlCl3 or BF3・OEt2 were not effective for the allylation (entries 3 and 4), probably because these catalysts are not stable under protic conditions. Sc(OTf)3 only gave a low yield of 3 ...
... the reaction and led to the production of allylated product 3a in 80% yield (entry 2).[6] Strong Lewis acids such as AlCl3 or BF3・OEt2 were not effective for the allylation (entries 3 and 4), probably because these catalysts are not stable under protic conditions. Sc(OTf)3 only gave a low yield of 3 ...
CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
... and HCHO (MR = 30) and put these compounds in order with respect to increasing boiling point. C2H6 CH3OH HCHO Methanal is a gas, other important carbonyl compounds are …………………... Early members are soluble in water due to ……………….. ………………. between hydrogen from water and oxygen from the carboxylic gro ...
... and HCHO (MR = 30) and put these compounds in order with respect to increasing boiling point. C2H6 CH3OH HCHO Methanal is a gas, other important carbonyl compounds are …………………... Early members are soluble in water due to ……………….. ………………. between hydrogen from water and oxygen from the carboxylic gro ...
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
... Section Four - Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives Question 4.1 In class we looked at carboxylic acids and four carboxylic acid derivatives. As a whole, they constitute five related functional groups. i.) Rank the groups in order of their reactivity (use structures or names). ii.) How can your an ...
... Section Four - Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives Question 4.1 In class we looked at carboxylic acids and four carboxylic acid derivatives. As a whole, they constitute five related functional groups. i.) Rank the groups in order of their reactivity (use structures or names). ii.) How can your an ...
A Diels-Alder Synthesis
... The Diels-Alder reaction usually proceeds with endo selectivity. This means that the product in which the activating electron-withdrawing group of the dienophile is located in the endo position is formed faster than the alternative exo isomer. This happens even though the exo product is sometimes mo ...
... The Diels-Alder reaction usually proceeds with endo selectivity. This means that the product in which the activating electron-withdrawing group of the dienophile is located in the endo position is formed faster than the alternative exo isomer. This happens even though the exo product is sometimes mo ...
Lesmahagow High School CfE Advanced Higher Chemistry Unit 2
... The addition of water to an alkene is done in the presence of an acid catalyst. Again this process can produce more than one product. The more likely product of the reaction can be predicted by using Markovnikov’s rule. When water adds across an asymmetrical double bond the major product formed is t ...
... The addition of water to an alkene is done in the presence of an acid catalyst. Again this process can produce more than one product. The more likely product of the reaction can be predicted by using Markovnikov’s rule. When water adds across an asymmetrical double bond the major product formed is t ...
Hydrocarbons
... Halogenation – the addition of a halogen (e.g. Cl2) Hydrohalogenation – the addition of a hydrogen halide (e.g. HCl) Hydration – the addition of water Oxidation – the use of MnO4- to add two –OH groups ...
... Halogenation – the addition of a halogen (e.g. Cl2) Hydrohalogenation – the addition of a hydrogen halide (e.g. HCl) Hydration – the addition of water Oxidation – the use of MnO4- to add two –OH groups ...
Samantha Landolfa Amy Ryan Section 10 Experiment 9 – Alkenes
... Experiment 9 – Alkenes from Alcohols: Analysis of a Mixture by Gas Chromatography H2SO4 ...
... Experiment 9 – Alkenes from Alcohols: Analysis of a Mixture by Gas Chromatography H2SO4 ...
06_reactions
... CH2O + Ag(NH3)2+ + H2O → CHOOH + Ag + 2NH3 + 2H+ Since an obvious silver ‘mirror’ forms on the flask if a reaction occurs, this is commonly used to test whether a substance is a ketone or an aldehyde. A ketone cannot be oxidised, so no silver mirror would form. Tollens’ reagent is ammoniacal silver ...
... CH2O + Ag(NH3)2+ + H2O → CHOOH + Ag + 2NH3 + 2H+ Since an obvious silver ‘mirror’ forms on the flask if a reaction occurs, this is commonly used to test whether a substance is a ketone or an aldehyde. A ketone cannot be oxidised, so no silver mirror would form. Tollens’ reagent is ammoniacal silver ...
Lesson 3 Mechanisms of Organic Reactions
... occur at the molecular level, as the reactants become products. The mechanism describes which bonds are broken and which bonds are formed and in what order. It takes into account energy changes on the pathway from the reactants to the products including relative stability of intermediates formed in ...
... occur at the molecular level, as the reactants become products. The mechanism describes which bonds are broken and which bonds are formed and in what order. It takes into account energy changes on the pathway from the reactants to the products including relative stability of intermediates formed in ...
Equilibrium
... Big Idea: Consider qualitatively and quantitatively the characteristics and applications of equilibrium systems in chemical reactions What do you know about valence equilibrium? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUMmoPdwBy4 ...
... Big Idea: Consider qualitatively and quantitatively the characteristics and applications of equilibrium systems in chemical reactions What do you know about valence equilibrium? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUMmoPdwBy4 ...
Transition Metals - Ligand Stability and Chelation
... In this reaction, there are only two species (1 x copper complex, 1 x EDTA ligand) on the reactants side. On the side of the products, there are seven species (1 x copper complex, 6 x H2O molecules). This means that there is a major increase in disorder from the reactants to the products. It is very ...
... In this reaction, there are only two species (1 x copper complex, 1 x EDTA ligand) on the reactants side. On the side of the products, there are seven species (1 x copper complex, 6 x H2O molecules). This means that there is a major increase in disorder from the reactants to the products. It is very ...
Introduction - HCC Learning Web
... The properties of any substance depend in part on the chemical bonds that hold the atoms of the substance together. The consequences of this dependence are very important in chemical reactions. Because bonds are formed or broken during a reaction, the properties of product molecules differ from thos ...
... The properties of any substance depend in part on the chemical bonds that hold the atoms of the substance together. The consequences of this dependence are very important in chemical reactions. Because bonds are formed or broken during a reaction, the properties of product molecules differ from thos ...
Chem 30CL - Lecture 1c - UCLA Chemistry and Biochemistry
... substrates and well controlled conditions • The Lipitor synthesis requires halohydrin dehalogenase, nitrilase, aldolase • The reduction of benzil using cryptococcus macerans leads to the formation of (R,R)-hydrobenzoin (dl:meso=95:5, 99 % e.e.) ...
... substrates and well controlled conditions • The Lipitor synthesis requires halohydrin dehalogenase, nitrilase, aldolase • The reduction of benzil using cryptococcus macerans leads to the formation of (R,R)-hydrobenzoin (dl:meso=95:5, 99 % e.e.) ...
Ene reaction
The ene reaction (also known as the Alder-ene reaction) is a chemical reaction between an alkene with an allylic hydrogen (the ene) and a compound containing a multiple bond (the enophile), in order to form a new σ-bond with migration of the ene double bond and 1,5 hydrogen shift. The product is a substituted alkene with the double bond shifted to the allylic position.This transformation is a group transfer pericyclic reaction, and therefore, usually requires highly activated substrates and/or high temperatures. Nonetheless, the reaction is compatible with a wide variety of functional groups that can be appended to the ene and enophile moieties. Also,many useful Lewis acid-catalyzed ene reactions have been developed which can afford high yields and selectivities at significantly lower temperatures, making the ene reaction a useful C–C forming tool for the synthesis of complex molecules and natural products.