ORGANIC REACTIONS 14 APRIL 2015 Section A
... Fibres are produced by an elimination reaction known as condensation polymerisation. In this reaction two molecules with different functional groups react with each other, and a small molecule is removed (usually water) Polyactic acid (PLA) is produced from a monomer which comes the fermentation of ...
... Fibres are produced by an elimination reaction known as condensation polymerisation. In this reaction two molecules with different functional groups react with each other, and a small molecule is removed (usually water) Polyactic acid (PLA) is produced from a monomer which comes the fermentation of ...
ALDEHYDES , KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
... bonding. • The lower members of aldehydes and ketones are miscible with water due to hydrogen bonding. 1. Chemical Reactions : Nucleophilic addition reactions (i) Mechanism of nucleophilic addition reactions In this process hybridisation of carbon changes from sp2 to sp3 and a tetrahedral alkoxide i ...
... bonding. • The lower members of aldehydes and ketones are miscible with water due to hydrogen bonding. 1. Chemical Reactions : Nucleophilic addition reactions (i) Mechanism of nucleophilic addition reactions In this process hybridisation of carbon changes from sp2 to sp3 and a tetrahedral alkoxide i ...
Practice Exam 4 - BioChemWeb.net
... f. The acidity of benzoic acid (C6H5CO2H) is most affected by electron-withdrawing substituents in the: ...
... f. The acidity of benzoic acid (C6H5CO2H) is most affected by electron-withdrawing substituents in the: ...
Chapter 11: Reactions at an sp3 Hybridized Carbon III
... Regeneration of the original alcohol by breaking off the TBS protecting group after doing some chemical reactions on the R group ...
... Regeneration of the original alcohol by breaking off the TBS protecting group after doing some chemical reactions on the R group ...
Chapter 17: Molecular Modeling Problems
... Is decomposition of 1,3,5-trioxane to three molecules of formaldehyde an exothermic or endothermic process? Rationalize your result based on what you know about the relative CO and bond energies. If the reaction is endothermic, point to any other factors that may furnish the driving force. 4. Mo ...
... Is decomposition of 1,3,5-trioxane to three molecules of formaldehyde an exothermic or endothermic process? Rationalize your result based on what you know about the relative CO and bond energies. If the reaction is endothermic, point to any other factors that may furnish the driving force. 4. Mo ...
11. Reactions of Alkyl Halides
... • Primary allyl is more stable than primary alkyl • Primary benzyl is more stable than allyl ...
... • Primary allyl is more stable than primary alkyl • Primary benzyl is more stable than allyl ...
Lecture 11a
... • The alcohol can act as the solvent and as a reactant • The reaction usually uses an 4-10 fold excess • The carboxylic acid is a solid and cannot be used in excess here because a heterogeneous reaction mixture would be formed ...
... • The alcohol can act as the solvent and as a reactant • The reaction usually uses an 4-10 fold excess • The carboxylic acid is a solid and cannot be used in excess here because a heterogeneous reaction mixture would be formed ...
Application of IBX Method for the Synthesis of Ketones from
... changed into its chloride. Then the acid chloride reacts with an organometallic reagent or gives a FriedelCrafts type reaction in the presence of Lewis acids. These methods are very useful for most aliphatic acid halides and good yields can be obtained in this way. However, if this method is used fo ...
... changed into its chloride. Then the acid chloride reacts with an organometallic reagent or gives a FriedelCrafts type reaction in the presence of Lewis acids. These methods are very useful for most aliphatic acid halides and good yields can be obtained in this way. However, if this method is used fo ...
Biocatalysis Center of Emphasis
... • Chemical process is slow: 80 hours for 6 x methanol distillations to remove boronic wastes. Enzymatic reaction is faster and has a relatively simple work-up. • Quality: Enzymes are highly selective, giving improved cis: trans ratio. • TEB: pyrophoric and toxic • NaBH4: Safety hazard. H2 source. To ...
... • Chemical process is slow: 80 hours for 6 x methanol distillations to remove boronic wastes. Enzymatic reaction is faster and has a relatively simple work-up. • Quality: Enzymes are highly selective, giving improved cis: trans ratio. • TEB: pyrophoric and toxic • NaBH4: Safety hazard. H2 source. To ...
Dehydrating Cyclohexanol
... product was 1.4478 at 20oC and the percentage of error was 0.1245%. This meant that although cyclohexanol was still in the products, the percentage was quite small. The reason why the (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 still turned red was that this test was so sensitive that even small contaminating amount of cyclohex ...
... product was 1.4478 at 20oC and the percentage of error was 0.1245%. This meant that although cyclohexanol was still in the products, the percentage was quite small. The reason why the (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 still turned red was that this test was so sensitive that even small contaminating amount of cyclohex ...
Fisher Esterification - OpenBU
... methanol. Within the tetrahedral intermediate, proton transfer occurs to generate water as a good leaving group. Reformation of the carbonyl π bond by elimination of water generates the protonated ester. Loss of the proton then regenerates the acid catalyst and provides the product ester in a reacti ...
... methanol. Within the tetrahedral intermediate, proton transfer occurs to generate water as a good leaving group. Reformation of the carbonyl π bond by elimination of water generates the protonated ester. Loss of the proton then regenerates the acid catalyst and provides the product ester in a reacti ...
4. Carbonyl chemistry
... aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols. In mechanistic terms they are considered a source of the H ion. 1. Outline a mechanism to show the reduction of butanone using H . (5 marks) Lithium aluminium hydride is prepared as a solution in dry ether. It reacts with moisture to form lithiu ...
... aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols. In mechanistic terms they are considered a source of the H ion. 1. Outline a mechanism to show the reduction of butanone using H . (5 marks) Lithium aluminium hydride is prepared as a solution in dry ether. It reacts with moisture to form lithiu ...
Working with Hazardous Chemicals
... ketones. The novel feature of the reaction is represented by acetone solvent which affects markedly the properties of the oxidizing agent. The reaction is very rapid (if not instantaneous), and the yields are high, the reagent rarely attacking unsaturated centers. The procedure is applicable to acet ...
... ketones. The novel feature of the reaction is represented by acetone solvent which affects markedly the properties of the oxidizing agent. The reaction is very rapid (if not instantaneous), and the yields are high, the reagent rarely attacking unsaturated centers. The procedure is applicable to acet ...
CHEM 122: Introduction to Organic Chemistry Chapter 5: Alcohols
... 18. Explain why methanethiol, CH3SH, has a lower boiling point (6oC) than methanol, CH3OH (65oC), even though methanethiol has a higher molecular ...
... 18. Explain why methanethiol, CH3SH, has a lower boiling point (6oC) than methanol, CH3OH (65oC), even though methanethiol has a higher molecular ...
CH 12-3 Power Point
... •The 3-step series of reactions includes the unique reaction of an alkyl halide (R-X) with magnesium metal (Mg) to form a C-Mg “organic-metallic” bond: ...
... •The 3-step series of reactions includes the unique reaction of an alkyl halide (R-X) with magnesium metal (Mg) to form a C-Mg “organic-metallic” bond: ...
Study Guide
... matching sliver nitrate molecule for each molecule of the potassium salt. Each pair was mixed in ratios ranging from 1:11 (1 part silver nitrate to 11 parts potassium salt) then 2:10, 3:9, 4:8, 5:7, 6:6, 7:5, 8:4, 9:3, 10:2, 11:1 With each reaction, some precipitate was formed and observed. The matc ...
... matching sliver nitrate molecule for each molecule of the potassium salt. Each pair was mixed in ratios ranging from 1:11 (1 part silver nitrate to 11 parts potassium salt) then 2:10, 3:9, 4:8, 5:7, 6:6, 7:5, 8:4, 9:3, 10:2, 11:1 With each reaction, some precipitate was formed and observed. The matc ...
Lectures 15, 16 and 17
... • CBS refers to Corey, Bakshi and Shibata, the chemists who developed these versatile reagents. • One B—H bond serves as the source of hydride in this reduction. • The (S)-CBS reagent delivers H:- from the front side of the C=O. This generally affords the R alcohol as the major product. • The (R)-C ...
... • CBS refers to Corey, Bakshi and Shibata, the chemists who developed these versatile reagents. • One B—H bond serves as the source of hydride in this reduction. • The (S)-CBS reagent delivers H:- from the front side of the C=O. This generally affords the R alcohol as the major product. • The (R)-C ...
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 03 JULY 2014 Lesson Description
... Which ONE of the following pairs of compounds can be used to prepare the above ester? A. Propanoic acid and butan-1-ol B. Propanoic acid and buran-2-ol C. Butanoic acid and propan-1-ol D. Butanoic acid and propan-2-ol ...
... Which ONE of the following pairs of compounds can be used to prepare the above ester? A. Propanoic acid and butan-1-ol B. Propanoic acid and buran-2-ol C. Butanoic acid and propan-1-ol D. Butanoic acid and propan-2-ol ...
with answers
... Pauli Principle: No two electrons in an atom can have all four quantum numbers identical. Or an orbital can be occupied by at most two electrons, which must then have antiparallel spin. Hund’s Rule: Orbitals will be filled with electrons in order of increasing energy; orbitals of the same energy wil ...
... Pauli Principle: No two electrons in an atom can have all four quantum numbers identical. Or an orbital can be occupied by at most two electrons, which must then have antiparallel spin. Hund’s Rule: Orbitals will be filled with electrons in order of increasing energy; orbitals of the same energy wil ...
3.5 revision guide alcohols
... If the compound has an –OH group in addition to other functional groups that need a suffix ending then the OH can be named with the prefix hydroxy-): ...
... If the compound has an –OH group in addition to other functional groups that need a suffix ending then the OH can be named with the prefix hydroxy-): ...
Slide 1 - Alfred State College intranet site
... Carbonyl and Carboxyl Compounds III. Interesting Carbonyl Compounds Formaldehyde (CH2═O) is the simplest aldehyde: •It is sold as formalin, a 37% aqueous solution used to preserve biological specimens. ...
... Carbonyl and Carboxyl Compounds III. Interesting Carbonyl Compounds Formaldehyde (CH2═O) is the simplest aldehyde: •It is sold as formalin, a 37% aqueous solution used to preserve biological specimens. ...
Alkenes undergo Addition Reactions Predict the product of each
... a. Hydrogen iodide b. Dilute sulfuric acid c. Hydrogen bromide in the presence of peroxides ...
... a. Hydrogen iodide b. Dilute sulfuric acid c. Hydrogen bromide in the presence of peroxides ...
DMC (double metal cyanide) catalyst DMC catalyst is used
... molecular weight polether polyols. In conventional base catalyzed oxyalkylation reaction, propylene oxide and certain other alkylene oxides are subject to a competing internal rearrangement that generates unsaturated alcohols. The resulting products will contain allyl alcohol initiated, monofunction ...
... molecular weight polether polyols. In conventional base catalyzed oxyalkylation reaction, propylene oxide and certain other alkylene oxides are subject to a competing internal rearrangement that generates unsaturated alcohols. The resulting products will contain allyl alcohol initiated, monofunction ...
Chemistry - Choithram School
... ii) Haloarenes are much less reactive than haloalkanes towards nucleophilic substitution reactions. iii)Reaction of alkyl chlorides with aqueous KOH leads to the formation of alcohols but in presence of alcoholic KOH , alkenes are the major products. iv)Chloroform is stored in closed dark coloured b ...
... ii) Haloarenes are much less reactive than haloalkanes towards nucleophilic substitution reactions. iii)Reaction of alkyl chlorides with aqueous KOH leads to the formation of alcohols but in presence of alcoholic KOH , alkenes are the major products. iv)Chloroform is stored in closed dark coloured b ...
Wolff–Kishner reduction
The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a reaction used in organic chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene groups. In the context of complex molecule synthesis, it is most frequently employed to remove a carbonyl group after it has served its synthetic purpose of activating an intermediate in a preceding step. As such, there is no obvious retron for this reaction. Originally reported by Nikolai Kischner in 1911 and Ludwig Wolff in 1912, it has been applied to the total synthesis of scopadulcic acid B, aspidospermidine and dysidiolide.In general, the reaction mechanism first involves the in situ generation of a hydrazone by condensation of hydrazine with the ketone or aldehyde substrate. Sometimes it is however advantageous to use a pre-formed hydrazone as substrate (see modifications). The hydrazone is deprotonated by alkoxide base followed by a concerted, rate-determining step in which a diimide anion is formed. Collapse of this alkyldiimde with loss of N2 leads to formation of an alkylanion which can be protonated by solvent to give the desired product.Because the Wolff–Kishner reduction requires highly basic conditions, it is unsuitable for base-sensitive substrates. However, this method can be superior over the related Clemmensen reduction for acid-sensitive compounds such as pyrroles and for high-molecular weight compounds.