Efficient one pot synthesis of N-alkyl and N-aryl imides
... corresponding imides (Table 2). The present method was found to be effective for both electrondonating and electron-withdrawing substituted anilines.The results are summarized in table 2. All synthesized derivatives were characterized using mass and 1H NMR.The easy work-up of the reaction was also t ...
... corresponding imides (Table 2). The present method was found to be effective for both electrondonating and electron-withdrawing substituted anilines.The results are summarized in table 2. All synthesized derivatives were characterized using mass and 1H NMR.The easy work-up of the reaction was also t ...
Identification of Aldehydes and Ketones
... of the alcohols from which they are derived i.e.: isopropyl alcohol boils at 82.5˚C while its oxidation ...
... of the alcohols from which they are derived i.e.: isopropyl alcohol boils at 82.5˚C while its oxidation ...
The aim of the work
... product of crotonization 42 and the product of Michael-type addition 51. According to the general scheme of the mechanism proposed for the condensation of aldehydes with CH-acids it can be assumed that attack on the aldehyde by the anion, formed in the presence of the alkaline catalyst, leads to the ...
... product of crotonization 42 and the product of Michael-type addition 51. According to the general scheme of the mechanism proposed for the condensation of aldehydes with CH-acids it can be assumed that attack on the aldehyde by the anion, formed in the presence of the alkaline catalyst, leads to the ...
SAMPLE TEST PAPER KPS CHEMISTRY
... Give reasons for the following observations: (i) Cu+ ion is not stable in aqueous solution. (ii) Mn(II) ion shows maximum paramagnetic character amongst the bivalent ions of first transition series. (iii) Scandium (Atomic number 21) salts are white. Describe the reactions involved in the preparation ...
... Give reasons for the following observations: (i) Cu+ ion is not stable in aqueous solution. (ii) Mn(II) ion shows maximum paramagnetic character amongst the bivalent ions of first transition series. (iii) Scandium (Atomic number 21) salts are white. Describe the reactions involved in the preparation ...
Chapter 19. Aldehydes and Ketones
... H2NNH2 and KOH converts the compound to an alkane Originally carried out at high temperatures but with dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent takes place near room temperature ...
... H2NNH2 and KOH converts the compound to an alkane Originally carried out at high temperatures but with dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent takes place near room temperature ...
11 - DR CLEM KUEK
... organic solvent). This reaction, in which the red-brown colour of bromine disappears as it reacts with the alkene, is used as a general test for unsaturation. This type of reaction is known as an addition reaction. During addition reactions the double carbon–carbon bond is converted to a single bond ...
... organic solvent). This reaction, in which the red-brown colour of bromine disappears as it reacts with the alkene, is used as a general test for unsaturation. This type of reaction is known as an addition reaction. During addition reactions the double carbon–carbon bond is converted to a single bond ...
Chapter 23 - Simpson County Schools
... hemiacetals & hemiketals – compounds that contain an alkoxy and a hydroxy group on the same carbon, and acetals & ketals- compounds that contain 2 alkoxy groups on the same carbon. ...
... hemiacetals & hemiketals – compounds that contain an alkoxy and a hydroxy group on the same carbon, and acetals & ketals- compounds that contain 2 alkoxy groups on the same carbon. ...
Experiment 7 – Dehydration of Methylcyclohexanols
... product. The regiospecificity of the reaction is dependent on Zaitsev’s rule, where the major product tends to be the more substituted alkene. When two different products are possible, these products are constitutional isomers of each other or in this case can be referred to as regioisomers. The typ ...
... product. The regiospecificity of the reaction is dependent on Zaitsev’s rule, where the major product tends to be the more substituted alkene. When two different products are possible, these products are constitutional isomers of each other or in this case can be referred to as regioisomers. The typ ...
Arrows - Rutgers Chemistry
... When we discuss the mechanism, we begin by protonating one of the OH groups (step 1). We show this by a double-‐hooked arrow originating at an oxygen lone pair and pointing to the H; a second ...
... When we discuss the mechanism, we begin by protonating one of the OH groups (step 1). We show this by a double-‐hooked arrow originating at an oxygen lone pair and pointing to the H; a second ...
haloalkanes (halogenoalkanes)
... process. An alternative method involves the initial breaking of the C-X bond to form a carbocation, or carbonium ion, (a unimolecular process - SN1 mechanism), which is then attacked by the nucleophile. SN1 is favoured for tertiary haloalkanes where there is steric hindrance to the attack and a more ...
... process. An alternative method involves the initial breaking of the C-X bond to form a carbocation, or carbonium ion, (a unimolecular process - SN1 mechanism), which is then attacked by the nucleophile. SN1 is favoured for tertiary haloalkanes where there is steric hindrance to the attack and a more ...
Solvent free permanganate oxidations
... of sulfones (Scheme 3) which are important intermediates in the synthesis of many organic compounds.15 The observation that benzyl phenyl sulfide is oxidized to the corresponding sulfone indicates that the reaction proceeds by way of an oxygen transfer mechanism. If the reaction involved electron tr ...
... of sulfones (Scheme 3) which are important intermediates in the synthesis of many organic compounds.15 The observation that benzyl phenyl sulfide is oxidized to the corresponding sulfone indicates that the reaction proceeds by way of an oxygen transfer mechanism. If the reaction involved electron tr ...
Diels-Alder Reaction:
... conformation is needed to carry out the Diels-Alder reaction. The s-cis conformation of the diene would yield a six membered ring with a cis double bond whereas a diene in s-trans conformation would demand a trans double bond in a six membered ring – an impossible feat. Cyclic dienes, which are lock ...
... conformation is needed to carry out the Diels-Alder reaction. The s-cis conformation of the diene would yield a six membered ring with a cis double bond whereas a diene in s-trans conformation would demand a trans double bond in a six membered ring – an impossible feat. Cyclic dienes, which are lock ...
aldehyde,ketones and Haloalkanes
... Explain as to why haloarenes are much less reactive than haloalkanes towards nucleophilic substitution reactions. Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in SN2 reaction with – OH? Why? [3] (i) CH3Br or CH3I (ii) ...
... Explain as to why haloarenes are much less reactive than haloalkanes towards nucleophilic substitution reactions. Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in SN2 reaction with – OH? Why? [3] (i) CH3Br or CH3I (ii) ...
PDF aldehydes and ketones
... A carbanion C can form a p–d π bond with an adjacent P or S. The resulting charge delocalization is especially effective if P or S, furnishing the empty d orbital, also has a + charge. Carbanions with these characteristics are called ylides. ...
... A carbanion C can form a p–d π bond with an adjacent P or S. The resulting charge delocalization is especially effective if P or S, furnishing the empty d orbital, also has a + charge. Carbanions with these characteristics are called ylides. ...
Carboxylic Acids 2
... 1° alcohols. • To drive equilibrium to the right, one can use an excess of one of the reactants, either the acid or the alcohol as solvent. • Alternatively, the by-product water can be removed by distillation or a dehydrating agent. Esters can be converted back to acids by aqueous acidic hydrolysis: ...
... 1° alcohols. • To drive equilibrium to the right, one can use an excess of one of the reactants, either the acid or the alcohol as solvent. • Alternatively, the by-product water can be removed by distillation or a dehydrating agent. Esters can be converted back to acids by aqueous acidic hydrolysis: ...
14 - Oxidation of Alcohols - Organic Chemistry at CU Boulder
... Experiment 14: Oxidation of Alcohols Allow the reaction to stir at room temperature for 15 minutes. Note any changes in color or temperature during the entire procedure. While you are waiting for the reaction to proceed, clean an NMR tube with acetone and allow it to dry upside-down in a beaker or ...
... Experiment 14: Oxidation of Alcohols Allow the reaction to stir at room temperature for 15 minutes. Note any changes in color or temperature during the entire procedure. While you are waiting for the reaction to proceed, clean an NMR tube with acetone and allow it to dry upside-down in a beaker or ...
Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data
... number of ways and it is therefore literally impossible to catalog all the possible heats of reaction. To get around this problem we define for each substance a standard reaction and tabulate its associated heat of reaction. These reactions and their associated heats of reaction can then be used to ...
... number of ways and it is therefore literally impossible to catalog all the possible heats of reaction. To get around this problem we define for each substance a standard reaction and tabulate its associated heat of reaction. These reactions and their associated heats of reaction can then be used to ...
Section 07 - Section Practice Exam II Solutions
... donating methyl group will help to stabilize the carbocation, explaining why the reaction is faster for X=Me versus X=H. In the case of X=OMe, the inductive effect (oxygen is electronegative and electron withdrawing) appears to predominate over the resonance effect. This is easily explained by the s ...
... donating methyl group will help to stabilize the carbocation, explaining why the reaction is faster for X=Me versus X=H. In the case of X=OMe, the inductive effect (oxygen is electronegative and electron withdrawing) appears to predominate over the resonance effect. This is easily explained by the s ...
Carbonyl Compounds
... NaBH4 is used in aqueous ethanol. A similar reduction takes place with the more powerful reducing agent, lithium tetrahydridoaluminate(III), LiAlH4. This requires scrupulously dry conditions and is usually used in tetrahydrofuran which has been dried with sodium metal. This reduction is specific and ...
... NaBH4 is used in aqueous ethanol. A similar reduction takes place with the more powerful reducing agent, lithium tetrahydridoaluminate(III), LiAlH4. This requires scrupulously dry conditions and is usually used in tetrahydrofuran which has been dried with sodium metal. This reduction is specific and ...
aldehydes and ketones
... A compound, C5H10O, forms a phenyl hydrazone and gives negative Tollen’s and iodoform tests. The compound on reduction gives n-pentane. The compound A is ...
... A compound, C5H10O, forms a phenyl hydrazone and gives negative Tollen’s and iodoform tests. The compound on reduction gives n-pentane. The compound A is ...
Practice Paper - 3
... Give one chemical test each to distinguish between following pairs of compound. ...
... Give one chemical test each to distinguish between following pairs of compound. ...
REDUCTIONS AND REDUCING AGENTS
... Lithium aluminiumhydride reacts the same way as lithium borohydride. It is however a much more reactive reducing agent than lithium borohydride. It is the strongest of the hydride reducing agents. Note that the Al-H bond is more polarized than B-H bond. Consequently the hydride in Al-H has greater h ...
... Lithium aluminiumhydride reacts the same way as lithium borohydride. It is however a much more reactive reducing agent than lithium borohydride. It is the strongest of the hydride reducing agents. Note that the Al-H bond is more polarized than B-H bond. Consequently the hydride in Al-H has greater h ...
Chapter 18 lectures as pdf
... • Thus two sites for nucleophilic attack • Called 1,2 and 1,4 (or conjugate addition) • 1,2 addition is kinetic • Conjugate addition is thermodynamic • Cuprates also do conjugate addition ...
... • Thus two sites for nucleophilic attack • Called 1,2 and 1,4 (or conjugate addition) • 1,2 addition is kinetic • Conjugate addition is thermodynamic • Cuprates also do conjugate addition ...
Organic Compounds Containing C, H and O
... ii).Acetal: Gem-dialkoxy compounds formed when an aldehyde reacts with two equivalents of a monohydric alcohol in the presence of dry HCl gas are known as acetals. In acetal, two alkoxy groups are present on the terminal C-atom. E.g.: ...
... ii).Acetal: Gem-dialkoxy compounds formed when an aldehyde reacts with two equivalents of a monohydric alcohol in the presence of dry HCl gas are known as acetals. In acetal, two alkoxy groups are present on the terminal C-atom. E.g.: ...
Wolff–Kishner reduction
The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a reaction used in organic chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene groups. In the context of complex molecule synthesis, it is most frequently employed to remove a carbonyl group after it has served its synthetic purpose of activating an intermediate in a preceding step. As such, there is no obvious retron for this reaction. Originally reported by Nikolai Kischner in 1911 and Ludwig Wolff in 1912, it has been applied to the total synthesis of scopadulcic acid B, aspidospermidine and dysidiolide.In general, the reaction mechanism first involves the in situ generation of a hydrazone by condensation of hydrazine with the ketone or aldehyde substrate. Sometimes it is however advantageous to use a pre-formed hydrazone as substrate (see modifications). The hydrazone is deprotonated by alkoxide base followed by a concerted, rate-determining step in which a diimide anion is formed. Collapse of this alkyldiimde with loss of N2 leads to formation of an alkylanion which can be protonated by solvent to give the desired product.Because the Wolff–Kishner reduction requires highly basic conditions, it is unsuitable for base-sensitive substrates. However, this method can be superior over the related Clemmensen reduction for acid-sensitive compounds such as pyrroles and for high-molecular weight compounds.