Lecture12
... - The reaction is considered to be a concerted process - The regiochemistry of the intermolecular Heck insertion step is highly sensitive to the electronics of the substrate, the reaction manifold, and steric congestion. As a result regioselectivity can be poor for certain classes of substrates - Th ...
... - The reaction is considered to be a concerted process - The regiochemistry of the intermolecular Heck insertion step is highly sensitive to the electronics of the substrate, the reaction manifold, and steric congestion. As a result regioselectivity can be poor for certain classes of substrates - Th ...
Organic Chemistry I: Reactions and Overview
... 5.1 Naming Enantiomers via the -R and -S System 1. Each of the four groups attached to the chirality center is assigned a priority of 1, 2, 3, or 4. Priority is assigned on the basis of the atomic number of the atom that is directly attached to the chirality center. The group with the highest atomic ...
... 5.1 Naming Enantiomers via the -R and -S System 1. Each of the four groups attached to the chirality center is assigned a priority of 1, 2, 3, or 4. Priority is assigned on the basis of the atomic number of the atom that is directly attached to the chirality center. The group with the highest atomic ...
Intro to organic chemistry (orgo)
... • Reaction in which atoms are removed from an organic molecule to form a double bond • LOOK FOR: check if C atoms in product(s) are bonded to less atoms than C atoms in reactant • Basically, this is the reverse of an addition reaction • Methods of undergoing elimination reactions: ▫ Heat and strong ...
... • Reaction in which atoms are removed from an organic molecule to form a double bond • LOOK FOR: check if C atoms in product(s) are bonded to less atoms than C atoms in reactant • Basically, this is the reverse of an addition reaction • Methods of undergoing elimination reactions: ▫ Heat and strong ...
Organic Chemistry II / CHEM 252 Chapter 21 – Phenoles and Aryl
... – These compounds serve to transport electrons between substrates in enzyme-catalyzed oxidation-reduction reactions ...
... – These compounds serve to transport electrons between substrates in enzyme-catalyzed oxidation-reduction reactions ...
Nucleophilic substitution at saturated carbon
... polarizability of the atom. Because the electrons are farther away in the larger atom, they are not held as tightly and can, therefore, move more freely toward a positive charge. As a result, the electrons are able to overlap from farther away with the orbital of carbon, as shown in Figure 10.5. Thi ...
... polarizability of the atom. Because the electrons are farther away in the larger atom, they are not held as tightly and can, therefore, move more freely toward a positive charge. As a result, the electrons are able to overlap from farther away with the orbital of carbon, as shown in Figure 10.5. Thi ...
Problem Set Chapter 13 Solutions February 28, 2013 13.27 Draw
... 13.50 How would you prepare the following substances from cyclopentanol? More than one step may be required. (a) Cyclopentanone (b) Cyclopentene (c) 1-Methylcyclopentanol (d) trans-2-Methylcyclopentanol ...
... 13.50 How would you prepare the following substances from cyclopentanol? More than one step may be required. (a) Cyclopentanone (b) Cyclopentene (c) 1-Methylcyclopentanol (d) trans-2-Methylcyclopentanol ...
PAKISTAN SHIPOWNERS` GOVERNMENT COLLEGE,
... * HCl * Cl2 (v) The atomic number of an element, belonging to 3rd period and group V-A is ...
... * HCl * Cl2 (v) The atomic number of an element, belonging to 3rd period and group V-A is ...
Halogenoalkanes
... When methanal (CH2 O) is added, a primary alcohol with one extra carbon atom is formed. When other aldehydes are used (e.g. ethanal), secondary alcohols are formed. When ketones are used (e.g. pro panone), tertiary alcohols are formed. When CO2 is used, a carboxylic acid with one extra carbon is for ...
... When methanal (CH2 O) is added, a primary alcohol with one extra carbon atom is formed. When other aldehydes are used (e.g. ethanal), secondary alcohols are formed. When ketones are used (e.g. pro panone), tertiary alcohols are formed. When CO2 is used, a carboxylic acid with one extra carbon is for ...
Alkynes
... yield products of nucleophilic substitution. • Because acetylides are strong nucleophiles, the mechanism of substitution is SN2, and thus the reaction is fastest with CH3X and 10 alkyl halides. ...
... yield products of nucleophilic substitution. • Because acetylides are strong nucleophiles, the mechanism of substitution is SN2, and thus the reaction is fastest with CH3X and 10 alkyl halides. ...
OS-FGI Lecture2
... Reaction of an alkene with bromine (in a non-polar solvent to discourage ionic reactions) can lead to competing allylic substitution and addition via radical mechanisms: ...
... Reaction of an alkene with bromine (in a non-polar solvent to discourage ionic reactions) can lead to competing allylic substitution and addition via radical mechanisms: ...
THE CARBON-CARBON DOUBLE BOND
... The reactions of nitriles are dominated by nucleophilic attack at the electron-poor nitrile carbon: (1) Hydrolysis (i.e. reaction with water) to amides and/or carboxylic acids: Nitrile hydrolysis can be carried out under either acidic or basic conditions: ...
... The reactions of nitriles are dominated by nucleophilic attack at the electron-poor nitrile carbon: (1) Hydrolysis (i.e. reaction with water) to amides and/or carboxylic acids: Nitrile hydrolysis can be carried out under either acidic or basic conditions: ...
Yearly Lesson Plan 2007
... 2.2 Analysing alkanes state what alkane is state what structural formula is deduce the molecular formulae of the first ten alkanes draw the structural formulae for the first ten straight-chain alkanes deduce the general formula of alkanes name the first ten alkanes relate changes in ph ...
... 2.2 Analysing alkanes state what alkane is state what structural formula is deduce the molecular formulae of the first ten alkanes draw the structural formulae for the first ten straight-chain alkanes deduce the general formula of alkanes name the first ten alkanes relate changes in ph ...
aldehydes and ketones
... • The C=O group can hydrogen bond with water molecules because the oxygen atom in the carbonyl group has a partial negative charge that attracts the partial positive charge of a hydrogen atom in the water molecule. ...
... • The C=O group can hydrogen bond with water molecules because the oxygen atom in the carbonyl group has a partial negative charge that attracts the partial positive charge of a hydrogen atom in the water molecule. ...
Efficient and catalyst-free condensation of acid chlorides and
... At last, the condensation between an acid chloride (4-BrC6H4COCl) and an alcohol (p-cresol) was evaluated when both reagents were dissolved in CH3CN. The reactions were performed at a temperature of 140°C and a residence time of 400 sec. Initial experiments revealed that 2 equivalents of p-cresol ar ...
... At last, the condensation between an acid chloride (4-BrC6H4COCl) and an alcohol (p-cresol) was evaluated when both reagents were dissolved in CH3CN. The reactions were performed at a temperature of 140°C and a residence time of 400 sec. Initial experiments revealed that 2 equivalents of p-cresol ar ...
Chapter 12 –Part 2 Reaction of Carbonyl Compounds with
... t Any acidic hydrogen atoms in the carbonyl substrate will react ...
... t Any acidic hydrogen atoms in the carbonyl substrate will react ...
a,b
... under basic conditions and involve enolate-ion intermediates Alpha-substitution reactions require a full equivalent of strong base and are carried out so that the carbonyl compound is rapidly and completely converted into its enolate ion at low temperature before addition of the electrophile ...
... under basic conditions and involve enolate-ion intermediates Alpha-substitution reactions require a full equivalent of strong base and are carried out so that the carbonyl compound is rapidly and completely converted into its enolate ion at low temperature before addition of the electrophile ...
PPA 1. Testing for Unsaturation
... The aim of the experiment is to prepare a pure sample of a soluble salt such as magnesium sulphate. Magnesium is added to dilute hydrochloric acid until no further evolution of hydrogen gas, this marks the end of the reaction. The excess magnesium is filtered off and some of the water is evaporated ...
... The aim of the experiment is to prepare a pure sample of a soluble salt such as magnesium sulphate. Magnesium is added to dilute hydrochloric acid until no further evolution of hydrogen gas, this marks the end of the reaction. The excess magnesium is filtered off and some of the water is evaporated ...
Alcohols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones
... –OH and an –OR bound to the same carbon. NOTE: An oxygen in a ring structure is considered part of an –OR group. ...
... –OH and an –OR bound to the same carbon. NOTE: An oxygen in a ring structure is considered part of an –OR group. ...
LP6 – Feb 26 Blank Notes
... Alkyl halides: branches of group 7 atoms (Naming rule: fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, and iodo-) Alcohols: molecules containing a hydroxyl group (R-OH) (Naming rule: drop the -e, add -ol) Aldehydes molecules wih a C=O (carboxyl group) on an end of the molecule (Naming rule: drop the -e, add –al) ...
... Alkyl halides: branches of group 7 atoms (Naming rule: fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, and iodo-) Alcohols: molecules containing a hydroxyl group (R-OH) (Naming rule: drop the -e, add -ol) Aldehydes molecules wih a C=O (carboxyl group) on an end of the molecule (Naming rule: drop the -e, add –al) ...
Biochemistry I (CHE 418 / 5418)
... replaces a leaving group (halides ,Cl, F, Br, are good leaving groups) • Leaving group an easily replaced atom or group of atoms that is held to a carbon by a realatively weak covalent bond. • See p.301 Fig. 9.5 and 9.6 ...
... replaces a leaving group (halides ,Cl, F, Br, are good leaving groups) • Leaving group an easily replaced atom or group of atoms that is held to a carbon by a realatively weak covalent bond. • See p.301 Fig. 9.5 and 9.6 ...
Novel amine-catalysed hydroalkoxylation reactions of
... dihydroalkoxylation reaction of alkynones was intriguing, not least because the products of such reactions would be synthetically useful mono-protected 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Treatment of terminal alkyne 23 with ethylene glycol in the presence of 5 mol% DMAP12 gave smooth conversion to acetal 24, ...
... dihydroalkoxylation reaction of alkynones was intriguing, not least because the products of such reactions would be synthetically useful mono-protected 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Treatment of terminal alkyne 23 with ethylene glycol in the presence of 5 mol% DMAP12 gave smooth conversion to acetal 24, ...
Ruthenium(II) Complexes Bearing a Pyridyl-Supported Pyrazolyl
... easy alkylation of the pyrazole moiety under the reaction conditions, suggesting that the sterically hindered tert-butyl can block alkylation of the pyrazole moiety during the alkylation of the imidazole moiety in 5. It is noteworthy that the intermediate 5 did not react with 1-iodoheptane to form N ...
... easy alkylation of the pyrazole moiety under the reaction conditions, suggesting that the sterically hindered tert-butyl can block alkylation of the pyrazole moiety during the alkylation of the imidazole moiety in 5. It is noteworthy that the intermediate 5 did not react with 1-iodoheptane to form N ...
Wolff–Kishner reduction
The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a reaction used in organic chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene groups. In the context of complex molecule synthesis, it is most frequently employed to remove a carbonyl group after it has served its synthetic purpose of activating an intermediate in a preceding step. As such, there is no obvious retron for this reaction. Originally reported by Nikolai Kischner in 1911 and Ludwig Wolff in 1912, it has been applied to the total synthesis of scopadulcic acid B, aspidospermidine and dysidiolide.In general, the reaction mechanism first involves the in situ generation of a hydrazone by condensation of hydrazine with the ketone or aldehyde substrate. Sometimes it is however advantageous to use a pre-formed hydrazone as substrate (see modifications). The hydrazone is deprotonated by alkoxide base followed by a concerted, rate-determining step in which a diimide anion is formed. Collapse of this alkyldiimde with loss of N2 leads to formation of an alkylanion which can be protonated by solvent to give the desired product.Because the Wolff–Kishner reduction requires highly basic conditions, it is unsuitable for base-sensitive substrates. However, this method can be superior over the related Clemmensen reduction for acid-sensitive compounds such as pyrroles and for high-molecular weight compounds.