AH Chemistry 2015
... 4 If any of this information is wrong, tell the Invigilator immediately. 5 If this information is correct, print your name and seat number in the boxes provided. 6 The answer to each question is either A, B, C or D. Decide what your answer is, then, using your pencil, put a horizontal line ...
... 4 If any of this information is wrong, tell the Invigilator immediately. 5 If this information is correct, print your name and seat number in the boxes provided. 6 The answer to each question is either A, B, C or D. Decide what your answer is, then, using your pencil, put a horizontal line ...
Chapter 8
... Reduction: decreases # C-O bonds and increases the # C-H bonds Common reagents: chromic acid, chromate salt, dichromate salt, permanganate Oxidation of a 1° alcohol to a carboxylic acid is commonly carried out using potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7, in aqueous sulfuric acid. ...
... Reduction: decreases # C-O bonds and increases the # C-H bonds Common reagents: chromic acid, chromate salt, dichromate salt, permanganate Oxidation of a 1° alcohol to a carboxylic acid is commonly carried out using potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7, in aqueous sulfuric acid. ...
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I – REVIEW FOR FINAL EXAM
... Ethylene, sp Orbitals and the Structure of Acetylene, and Hybridization of Other Atoms: Nitrogen and Oxygen Chapter 2: You should know; ...
... Ethylene, sp Orbitals and the Structure of Acetylene, and Hybridization of Other Atoms: Nitrogen and Oxygen Chapter 2: You should know; ...
File
... 2. Change the ending of the parent chain from e to one 3. Identify and number any substituent groups. Numbering starts at end closest to the C=O group. ...
... 2. Change the ending of the parent chain from e to one 3. Identify and number any substituent groups. Numbering starts at end closest to the C=O group. ...
Microsoft Word
... incorporates a directly linked bis-oxazole core with a highly functionalised tetrahydropyranyl ring and a non-conjugated triene. However, the isolation of Hennoxazole A, from the marine sponge in low contents prohibits further chemical and biological studies. The structural diversity coupled with th ...
... incorporates a directly linked bis-oxazole core with a highly functionalised tetrahydropyranyl ring and a non-conjugated triene. However, the isolation of Hennoxazole A, from the marine sponge in low contents prohibits further chemical and biological studies. The structural diversity coupled with th ...
Week 6 Solutions - Brown University Wiki
... is carbon number 4 as it already has three bonds to carbon. If the alcohol oxygen made a bond with carbon 4, it would form the ring system in the product. But how do we make a bond with carbon 4? So far, we have seem bonds formed between electrophiles and nucleophiles. Since oxygen has lone pairs, i ...
... is carbon number 4 as it already has three bonds to carbon. If the alcohol oxygen made a bond with carbon 4, it would form the ring system in the product. But how do we make a bond with carbon 4? So far, we have seem bonds formed between electrophiles and nucleophiles. Since oxygen has lone pairs, i ...
Problem: How would you prepare the following esters? a) Butyl
... The aldehyde intermediate can be isolated by using a gentler reducing agent such as lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride. O CCl 1. LiAlH(OC)CH3) 3, ether ...
... The aldehyde intermediate can be isolated by using a gentler reducing agent such as lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride. O CCl 1. LiAlH(OC)CH3) 3, ether ...
Gas Chromatography: Analyzing Alkene Isomers David L. Flanigan
... Ease of alcohol dehydration follows the general trend: 3° > 2° > 1°. This trend is based on the fact that most acid catalyzed alcohol dehydrations proceed through the E1 mechanism. In order for the elimination to occur a good leaving group and a base sufficiently strong enough to remove a β-proton m ...
... Ease of alcohol dehydration follows the general trend: 3° > 2° > 1°. This trend is based on the fact that most acid catalyzed alcohol dehydrations proceed through the E1 mechanism. In order for the elimination to occur a good leaving group and a base sufficiently strong enough to remove a β-proton m ...
chemical properties of sugar
... atom or compound loses one or more electrons. Some elements lose electrons more easily than others. These elements are said to be easily oxidized. When an atom or compound is oxidized, its properties change. For example, when an iron object undergoes oxidation, it is transformed because it has los ...
... atom or compound loses one or more electrons. Some elements lose electrons more easily than others. These elements are said to be easily oxidized. When an atom or compound is oxidized, its properties change. For example, when an iron object undergoes oxidation, it is transformed because it has los ...
Organic Chemistry - Snow College | It's SNOWing
... • Because of 3 membered ring, epoxides are much more reactive than normal ethers • Undergo ring opening reactions at room temp ...
... • Because of 3 membered ring, epoxides are much more reactive than normal ethers • Undergo ring opening reactions at room temp ...
chemical properties of sugar
... reaction are known as reducing sugars. Some of the frequently used solutions for detecting the presence of reducing sugars in biological fluids are as follows1) Fehling’s solution: KOH or NaOH andCuSO4 2) Benedict’s solution: Na2CO3 and CuSO4 3) Clinitest tablets are used to detect urinary glucose i ...
... reaction are known as reducing sugars. Some of the frequently used solutions for detecting the presence of reducing sugars in biological fluids are as follows1) Fehling’s solution: KOH or NaOH andCuSO4 2) Benedict’s solution: Na2CO3 and CuSO4 3) Clinitest tablets are used to detect urinary glucose i ...
Qualitative Analysis II Notes
... green. If the color of the chrome changes, this indicates the presence of a functional group that is able to be oxidized. This test shows the presence of primary and secondary alcohols and aldehydes. No reaction with tertiary alcohols, ketones, carboxylic acids or esters. Phenols also react with Jon ...
... green. If the color of the chrome changes, this indicates the presence of a functional group that is able to be oxidized. This test shows the presence of primary and secondary alcohols and aldehydes. No reaction with tertiary alcohols, ketones, carboxylic acids or esters. Phenols also react with Jon ...
Microsoft Word
... The amine 37 and 3--carbolinic acid (29) were coupled using DCC/DMAP in dry DCM to give corresponding amide 38 in 70% yield. Also in a different experiment amine 37 and 3-carbolinic acid (29) were coupled using HOBT/EDCI to give amide 38 in 68% yield. Acetinide protected amide compound (38) was re ...
... The amine 37 and 3--carbolinic acid (29) were coupled using DCC/DMAP in dry DCM to give corresponding amide 38 in 70% yield. Also in a different experiment amine 37 and 3-carbolinic acid (29) were coupled using HOBT/EDCI to give amide 38 in 68% yield. Acetinide protected amide compound (38) was re ...
Functional Groups
... group. A water molecule is also produced in the reaction. 1. When a primary alcohol is oxidized an H atom remains on the carbon atom and an aldehyde is produced. ...
... group. A water molecule is also produced in the reaction. 1. When a primary alcohol is oxidized an H atom remains on the carbon atom and an aldehyde is produced. ...
Get Notes - Mindset Learn
... Learners investigate factors that influence the boiling points of alkanes and alcohols. In one of the investigations they determine the boiling points of the first three alkanes. ...
... Learners investigate factors that influence the boiling points of alkanes and alcohols. In one of the investigations they determine the boiling points of the first three alkanes. ...
Practice Questions - Elevate Education
... 1. Nickel rods are placed separately into different test tubes each containing a different solution. In which solution is nickel oxidised and a metal displaced from solution? A) ...
... 1. Nickel rods are placed separately into different test tubes each containing a different solution. In which solution is nickel oxidised and a metal displaced from solution? A) ...
Carbonyls
... Tautomers are isomers which differ in the placement of an atom of hydrogen and a double bond. The keto form has a C=O while the enol form has a C=C. The keto form is usually the most stable. ...
... Tautomers are isomers which differ in the placement of an atom of hydrogen and a double bond. The keto form has a C=O while the enol form has a C=C. The keto form is usually the most stable. ...
STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 4 1. Functional Groups – these are
... expected to be highest for methyl alcohol, followed by primary alcohols, then secondary and fastest for tertiary. 11. Reactions of Primary Alcohols with HX and the SN 2 Mechanism – the SN 1 mechanism is not possible for methyl or primary alcohols, due to the very high energy (low stability) of methy ...
... expected to be highest for methyl alcohol, followed by primary alcohols, then secondary and fastest for tertiary. 11. Reactions of Primary Alcohols with HX and the SN 2 Mechanism – the SN 1 mechanism is not possible for methyl or primary alcohols, due to the very high energy (low stability) of methy ...
Synthetic route to novel asymmetric tetradentate ligands
... Abstract: The synthesis of the new asymmetric ligand (E)-4-bromo-2-(((2-((5bromo-2-hydroxybenzyl)(methyl)amino)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenol, which was conceived to model the asymmetry in the active site of peroxidase/catalase mimics, is reported. The new synthetic route involves seven steps: 1) Obtenti ...
... Abstract: The synthesis of the new asymmetric ligand (E)-4-bromo-2-(((2-((5bromo-2-hydroxybenzyl)(methyl)amino)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenol, which was conceived to model the asymmetry in the active site of peroxidase/catalase mimics, is reported. The new synthetic route involves seven steps: 1) Obtenti ...
X012/13/02
... Reference may be made to the Chemistry Higher and Advanced Higher Data Booklet. SECTION A – 40 marks Instructions for completion of SECTION A are given on page two. For this section of the examination you must use an HB pencil. SECTION B – 60 marks All questions should be attempted. Answers must be ...
... Reference may be made to the Chemistry Higher and Advanced Higher Data Booklet. SECTION A – 40 marks Instructions for completion of SECTION A are given on page two. For this section of the examination you must use an HB pencil. SECTION B – 60 marks All questions should be attempted. Answers must be ...
File
... Elimination reaction: start with one organic molecule and end up with a product that contains a double or triple bond and a small molecule o The opposite of an addition reaction o We only looked at elimination of alcohols and alkyl halides o Know the required conditions for each Substitution reactio ...
... Elimination reaction: start with one organic molecule and end up with a product that contains a double or triple bond and a small molecule o The opposite of an addition reaction o We only looked at elimination of alcohols and alkyl halides o Know the required conditions for each Substitution reactio ...
Diphenylsilene - American Chemical Society
... conditions. We conclude that the long-lived species is a relatively minor, strongly absorbing product of photolysis of 1. In acetonitrile solution containing methanol, 1 undergoes dark reaction to yield the acyclic silyl methyl ether 7 shown in eq 3. We were initially surprised by this r e ~ u l t b ...
... conditions. We conclude that the long-lived species is a relatively minor, strongly absorbing product of photolysis of 1. In acetonitrile solution containing methanol, 1 undergoes dark reaction to yield the acyclic silyl methyl ether 7 shown in eq 3. We were initially surprised by this r e ~ u l t b ...
KHSO4-SiO2-MeOH – An efficient selective solid
... carried out either by chemical or biochemical methods. Chemical methods involve hydrolytic1 or nonhydrolytic2 methods using homogeneous or heterogeneous reagents. Because of the advantages of recycling and easy separability from the reaction mixture solid-supported heterogeneous catalysts3 are attra ...
... carried out either by chemical or biochemical methods. Chemical methods involve hydrolytic1 or nonhydrolytic2 methods using homogeneous or heterogeneous reagents. Because of the advantages of recycling and easy separability from the reaction mixture solid-supported heterogeneous catalysts3 are attra ...
Epoxyalkyl peptide derivatives as active-site
... Preliminary experiments showed that neither compound I nor compound I1 was acting as a glycosyl acceptor under standard assay conditions, which usually generate soluble glycopeptides (Bause, 1979). However, when the particulate membrane fraction was pre-incubated with these derivatives in the presen ...
... Preliminary experiments showed that neither compound I nor compound I1 was acting as a glycosyl acceptor under standard assay conditions, which usually generate soluble glycopeptides (Bause, 1979). However, when the particulate membrane fraction was pre-incubated with these derivatives in the presen ...
Wolff–Kishner reduction
The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a reaction used in organic chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene groups. In the context of complex molecule synthesis, it is most frequently employed to remove a carbonyl group after it has served its synthetic purpose of activating an intermediate in a preceding step. As such, there is no obvious retron for this reaction. Originally reported by Nikolai Kischner in 1911 and Ludwig Wolff in 1912, it has been applied to the total synthesis of scopadulcic acid B, aspidospermidine and dysidiolide.In general, the reaction mechanism first involves the in situ generation of a hydrazone by condensation of hydrazine with the ketone or aldehyde substrate. Sometimes it is however advantageous to use a pre-formed hydrazone as substrate (see modifications). The hydrazone is deprotonated by alkoxide base followed by a concerted, rate-determining step in which a diimide anion is formed. Collapse of this alkyldiimde with loss of N2 leads to formation of an alkylanion which can be protonated by solvent to give the desired product.Because the Wolff–Kishner reduction requires highly basic conditions, it is unsuitable for base-sensitive substrates. However, this method can be superior over the related Clemmensen reduction for acid-sensitive compounds such as pyrroles and for high-molecular weight compounds.