Organic Synthesis Part 2
... di and monoorganoboranes, which can be used as more selective borane equivalents (and see also aspects of asymmetric induction!). C-B to C-H bond cleavage is achieved by heating with carboxylic acids; C-C bond formation can be done by a variety of methods (not vital you know these now); C-O bond for ...
... di and monoorganoboranes, which can be used as more selective borane equivalents (and see also aspects of asymmetric induction!). C-B to C-H bond cleavage is achieved by heating with carboxylic acids; C-C bond formation can be done by a variety of methods (not vital you know these now); C-O bond for ...
Exp 4_Properties of Alcohols
... Under the hood place a small piece of sodium metal in to a 50 mL beaker of half filled with water. Observe the reaction and after completion of the reaction, add 1 or 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the solution in the beaker. Write a balance equation for the reaction of sodium and water. Re ...
... Under the hood place a small piece of sodium metal in to a 50 mL beaker of half filled with water. Observe the reaction and after completion of the reaction, add 1 or 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the solution in the beaker. Write a balance equation for the reaction of sodium and water. Re ...
Chapter 19: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
... Nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions of esters (Table 19.4). Esters are less reactive toward nucleophilic acyl substitution than acid chlorides or acid anhydrides. 1. Aminolysis (Ch.19.11): Esters react with ammonia, 1° and 2° amines to give amides ...
... Nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions of esters (Table 19.4). Esters are less reactive toward nucleophilic acyl substitution than acid chlorides or acid anhydrides. 1. Aminolysis (Ch.19.11): Esters react with ammonia, 1° and 2° amines to give amides ...
Alkenes
... When an unsymmetrical molecule (e.g. HBr) adds to an unsymmetrical alkene such as propene, two addition products are possible. In practice, there is one major product, 2bromopropane. ...
... When an unsymmetrical molecule (e.g. HBr) adds to an unsymmetrical alkene such as propene, two addition products are possible. In practice, there is one major product, 2bromopropane. ...
ELECTROPHILIC ADDITIONS OF ALKENES AS THE
... called the anti-Markovnikov product, might form. Given that this product does not normally form under ordinary conditions, the question then is, are there special conditions under which it could form? The answer is yes, but with a very limited scope. We’ll address that point later. ...
... called the anti-Markovnikov product, might form. Given that this product does not normally form under ordinary conditions, the question then is, are there special conditions under which it could form? The answer is yes, but with a very limited scope. We’ll address that point later. ...
Chem 3.5 #3 Alcohols 1
... Alkenes can be prepared by an ELIMINATION reaction on an alcohol. Complete the following reaction showing what alkene is produced and write the missing reactant over the arrow. CH3CH2CH2OH ...
... Alkenes can be prepared by an ELIMINATION reaction on an alcohol. Complete the following reaction showing what alkene is produced and write the missing reactant over the arrow. CH3CH2CH2OH ...
chemistry 232 elementary organic chemistry ii
... Acid-Base Protonation/Deprotonation Reactions (Ch. 7 & 10) Protonation/Deprotonation of Alcohols Deprotonation of Alkynes Acid-Catalyzed Rearrangements (Ch. 9 & 10) via SN1 Reaction Pathway (step-wise) The Pinacol Rearrangement Nucleophilic Addition to Carbonyl Compounds (Ch. 15, 16, & 17) Organomet ...
... Acid-Base Protonation/Deprotonation Reactions (Ch. 7 & 10) Protonation/Deprotonation of Alcohols Deprotonation of Alkynes Acid-Catalyzed Rearrangements (Ch. 9 & 10) via SN1 Reaction Pathway (step-wise) The Pinacol Rearrangement Nucleophilic Addition to Carbonyl Compounds (Ch. 15, 16, & 17) Organomet ...
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
... The reaction with R’COOH and (R’ CO)2O is reversible, so cone, H2SO4 is used to remove water. The reaction with R’ COCI is carried out in the presence of pyridine so as to neutralise HCI which is formed during the reaction. ...
... The reaction with R’COOH and (R’ CO)2O is reversible, so cone, H2SO4 is used to remove water. The reaction with R’ COCI is carried out in the presence of pyridine so as to neutralise HCI which is formed during the reaction. ...
Wood alcohol
... mildly acidic. Washing you skin with an alkaline soap is a good way of removing much of the uruhiol before much of it penetrates your skin. The salt form from urushiol is much more soluble in water and less in the organic component of your skin. ...
... mildly acidic. Washing you skin with an alkaline soap is a good way of removing much of the uruhiol before much of it penetrates your skin. The salt form from urushiol is much more soluble in water and less in the organic component of your skin. ...
Lecture 13
... mildly acidic. Washing you skin with an alkaline soap is a good way of removing much of the uruhiol before much of it penetrates your skin. The salt form from urushiol is much more soluble in water and less in the organic component of your skin. ...
... mildly acidic. Washing you skin with an alkaline soap is a good way of removing much of the uruhiol before much of it penetrates your skin. The salt form from urushiol is much more soluble in water and less in the organic component of your skin. ...
Reactions of Alkenes
... The protonation occurs at the least highly substituted end so that the cation produced is at the most highly substituted end (and therefore more stable). Markovnikov’s Rule: The addition of a proton acid to the double bond of an alkene results in a product with the acid hydrogen bound to the carbon ...
... The protonation occurs at the least highly substituted end so that the cation produced is at the most highly substituted end (and therefore more stable). Markovnikov’s Rule: The addition of a proton acid to the double bond of an alkene results in a product with the acid hydrogen bound to the carbon ...
Chapter 21 The Chemistry of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
... There is no reason why acetic acid should form an anhydride only with benzoic acid, and vice-versa; substantial amounts of acetic anhydride and benzoic anhydride should also be obtained. If all the reactions were totally random, the desired unsymmetrical anhydride would be formed in a maximum of 50% ...
... There is no reason why acetic acid should form an anhydride only with benzoic acid, and vice-versa; substantial amounts of acetic anhydride and benzoic anhydride should also be obtained. If all the reactions were totally random, the desired unsymmetrical anhydride would be formed in a maximum of 50% ...
16.5 Glycosides
... the stereochemistry of the linkage. For example, suppose the beta hydroxyl group at carbon I in a hexose is linked by a glycosidic bohd to carbon 4 of another hexose. This linkage is called a BQ-4) glycosidic bond. Other common linkagesare c(l-4), a(l-6), and B(l-6). Once the anomeric -OH group of a ...
... the stereochemistry of the linkage. For example, suppose the beta hydroxyl group at carbon I in a hexose is linked by a glycosidic bohd to carbon 4 of another hexose. This linkage is called a BQ-4) glycosidic bond. Other common linkagesare c(l-4), a(l-6), and B(l-6). Once the anomeric -OH group of a ...
Chapter 1 Review, pages 72–77
... 37. (a) The compound on the right, benzoic acid, has two polar groups—a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group—located close together, adding polarity to the molecule, which contributes to its solubility in water. However, the non-polar ring makes benzoic acid less soluble. Consequently, benzoic acid ...
... 37. (a) The compound on the right, benzoic acid, has two polar groups—a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group—located close together, adding polarity to the molecule, which contributes to its solubility in water. However, the non-polar ring makes benzoic acid less soluble. Consequently, benzoic acid ...
Aromatic Compounds
... Alkyl groups have an electron-donating inductive effect Nitration of toluene occurs ortho and para to the alkyl group because a resonance form places the positive charge directly on the alkyl-substituted carbon where it can be stabilized by the electron-donating inductive effect of the alkyl group ...
... Alkyl groups have an electron-donating inductive effect Nitration of toluene occurs ortho and para to the alkyl group because a resonance form places the positive charge directly on the alkyl-substituted carbon where it can be stabilized by the electron-donating inductive effect of the alkyl group ...
cis-trans
... alcohol from which the ester is constituted. Name each of the following esters, and indicate the products of their reaction with aqueous base. ...
... alcohol from which the ester is constituted. Name each of the following esters, and indicate the products of their reaction with aqueous base. ...
Worked out problems
... alcohol from which the ester is constituted. Name each of the following esters, and indicate the products of their reaction with aqueous base. ...
... alcohol from which the ester is constituted. Name each of the following esters, and indicate the products of their reaction with aqueous base. ...
Organic Chemistry – Summary of Reactions and Conditions
... contain copper (II) complexes. These complexes enable Cu (II) to remain in solution in the presence of alkali. Ketones are resistant to oxidation and do not react with Benedict's solution. Tollen's reagent (ammoniacal silver nitrate) (not a preparative method) Prepared by adding excess ammonia solut ...
... contain copper (II) complexes. These complexes enable Cu (II) to remain in solution in the presence of alkali. Ketones are resistant to oxidation and do not react with Benedict's solution. Tollen's reagent (ammoniacal silver nitrate) (not a preparative method) Prepared by adding excess ammonia solut ...
Synthesis Explorer
... Aldehydes and ketones can be distinguished by using either Fehling’s solution or Tollens’ reagent. Aldehydes give a red precipitate of copper(I) oxide when warmed with Fehling’s solution, while ketones do not react. Similarly aldehydes produce a silver mirror on the inside of the test tube when warm ...
... Aldehydes and ketones can be distinguished by using either Fehling’s solution or Tollens’ reagent. Aldehydes give a red precipitate of copper(I) oxide when warmed with Fehling’s solution, while ketones do not react. Similarly aldehydes produce a silver mirror on the inside of the test tube when warm ...
Give reasons for the following.(one mark each)
... (Previous board questions only) Give reasons for the following.(one mark each) 1. Reaction of alcohol with thionyl chloride is the best preferred method for the preparation of alkyl halides. 2. Free radical chlorination or bromination of alkanes is not preferred for the preparation of alkyl halides. ...
... (Previous board questions only) Give reasons for the following.(one mark each) 1. Reaction of alcohol with thionyl chloride is the best preferred method for the preparation of alkyl halides. 2. Free radical chlorination or bromination of alkanes is not preferred for the preparation of alkyl halides. ...
Root Names for Hydrocarbons
... Note: Geometric isomers exist whenever there are two different groups attached on both sides of a double bond. Consider 2-butene; the two methyl groups may be directed on the same side of the double bond (cis-or Z) or they may be directed away from one another (transor E). (The terms cis- and trans- ...
... Note: Geometric isomers exist whenever there are two different groups attached on both sides of a double bond. Consider 2-butene; the two methyl groups may be directed on the same side of the double bond (cis-or Z) or they may be directed away from one another (transor E). (The terms cis- and trans- ...
Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement
The Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement (TDR) is the chemical reaction of a 1-aminomethyl-cycloalkanol with nitrous acid to form an enlarged cycloketone.The Tiffeneau–Demjanov ring expansion, Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement, or TDR, provides an easy way to increase amino-substituted cycloalkanes and cycloalkanols in size by one carbon. Ring sizes from cyclopropane through cyclooctane are able to undergo Tiffeneau–Demjanov ring expansion with some degree of success. Yields decrease as initial ring size increases, and the ideal use of TDR is for synthesis of five, six, and seven membered rings. A principal synthetic application of Tiffeneau–Demjanov ring expansion is to bicyclic or polycyclic systems. Several reviews on this reaction have been published.