Reactions of Alkenes
... • Reaction coordinate: a measure of the change in position of atoms during a reaction • Heat of reaction, H: the difference in energy between reactants and products – exothermic: products are lower in energy than reactants; heat is released – endothermic: products are higher in energy than reactant ...
... • Reaction coordinate: a measure of the change in position of atoms during a reaction • Heat of reaction, H: the difference in energy between reactants and products – exothermic: products are lower in energy than reactants; heat is released – endothermic: products are higher in energy than reactant ...
Orbitals - drjosephryan.com
... solution to protonate intermediate carbinolamine –OH to yield the better leaving group –OH2+ • Slow at pH < 4 because the basic amine nucleophile is protonated and initial nucleophilic addition cannot occur ...
... solution to protonate intermediate carbinolamine –OH to yield the better leaving group –OH2+ • Slow at pH < 4 because the basic amine nucleophile is protonated and initial nucleophilic addition cannot occur ...
File - mrs. whalen`s classes!
... a. Primary: -OH bonded to a C that is bonded to only one other C b. Secondary: -OH bonded to a C that is bonded to 2 other C’s c. Tertiary: -OH bonded to a C that is bonded to 3 other C’s Naming: 1. Find the longest chain containing the C the –OH is bonded to. 2. Replace the “e” at the end of the pa ...
... a. Primary: -OH bonded to a C that is bonded to only one other C b. Secondary: -OH bonded to a C that is bonded to 2 other C’s c. Tertiary: -OH bonded to a C that is bonded to 3 other C’s Naming: 1. Find the longest chain containing the C the –OH is bonded to. 2. Replace the “e” at the end of the pa ...
INTRODUCING ALCOHOLS
... This method only applies to ethanol. You can't make any other alcohol this way. The process The starting material for the process varies widely, but will normally be some form of starchy plant material such as maize (US: corn), wheat, barley or potatoes. Starch is a complex carbohydrate, and other c ...
... This method only applies to ethanol. You can't make any other alcohol this way. The process The starting material for the process varies widely, but will normally be some form of starchy plant material such as maize (US: corn), wheat, barley or potatoes. Starch is a complex carbohydrate, and other c ...
Ketones - Sanfordchemistrystudentwork
... on the carbonyl group determines ketones from alcohols and ethers. A carbon atom across a carbonyl group is often referred to as an a-carbon and the hydrogen atoms connected to the center of an a-carbon are called a-hydrogen. Ketones with a-hydrogen centers experience a Keto-enol tautomerism (a chem ...
... on the carbonyl group determines ketones from alcohols and ethers. A carbon atom across a carbonyl group is often referred to as an a-carbon and the hydrogen atoms connected to the center of an a-carbon are called a-hydrogen. Ketones with a-hydrogen centers experience a Keto-enol tautomerism (a chem ...
19.19 Summary
... Lithium aluminum hydride reduces esters to alcohols. Two alcohols are formed; the acyl group is reduced to the primary alcohol. ...
... Lithium aluminum hydride reduces esters to alcohols. Two alcohols are formed; the acyl group is reduced to the primary alcohol. ...
SCI2199 - Introduction to Organic Chemistry II
... product of the reaction then is allowed to react with KI in methanol. What is the final product? A) trans-1-Iodo-3-methylcyclopentane B) cis-1-Iodo-3-methylcyclopentane C) 1-Methylcyclopentene D) 2-Methylcyclopentene E) 3-Methylcyclopentene 10. The reaction between 4-methyl-1-pentanol and PBr3 to yi ...
... product of the reaction then is allowed to react with KI in methanol. What is the final product? A) trans-1-Iodo-3-methylcyclopentane B) cis-1-Iodo-3-methylcyclopentane C) 1-Methylcyclopentene D) 2-Methylcyclopentene E) 3-Methylcyclopentene 10. The reaction between 4-methyl-1-pentanol and PBr3 to yi ...
Aldehydes and Ketones
... The figure below shows three possible routes by which this synthesis can be accomplished. In practice, the route chosen would likely depend on the starting materials that may be at hand in the laboratory (all of these compounds could be purchased). In the scheme below, CH3MgBr could be made from CH3 ...
... The figure below shows three possible routes by which this synthesis can be accomplished. In practice, the route chosen would likely depend on the starting materials that may be at hand in the laboratory (all of these compounds could be purchased). In the scheme below, CH3MgBr could be made from CH3 ...
Slides
... t C-Acylation leads directly to β -diketones l N-acylated products can be formed, but they are unstable and ...
... t C-Acylation leads directly to β -diketones l N-acylated products can be formed, but they are unstable and ...
Anhydrous copper (II) sulfate: an efficient catalyst for the liquid
... benzylic > allylic > secondary. The reaction temperatures found to be best were about 120-130 “C for the tertiary, benzylic, and allylic types and 160-180 “C for secondary alcohols. Higher temperatures lead to somewhat decreased yields in cases of easily polymerized olefins. The olefin product was c ...
... benzylic > allylic > secondary. The reaction temperatures found to be best were about 120-130 “C for the tertiary, benzylic, and allylic types and 160-180 “C for secondary alcohols. Higher temperatures lead to somewhat decreased yields in cases of easily polymerized olefins. The olefin product was c ...
Final Examination, 2004-2005
... (a) Estimate quantitatively the exothermicity or endothermicity (∆H) of each of these reactions. Yes, we want numbers, but if you can’t come up with numbers, an answer that tells us the end result (exo- or endothermic) and why is far better than nothing. (b) Reaction (a) is exceptionally well-known ...
... (a) Estimate quantitatively the exothermicity or endothermicity (∆H) of each of these reactions. Yes, we want numbers, but if you can’t come up with numbers, an answer that tells us the end result (exo- or endothermic) and why is far better than nothing. (b) Reaction (a) is exceptionally well-known ...
ppt
... • There will be two possible Wittig routes to an alkene. • Analyze the structure retrosynthetically, i.e., work the synthesis out backworks • Disconnect (break the bond of the target that can be formed by a known reaction) the doubly bonded carbons. One becomes the aldehyde or ketone, the other the ...
... • There will be two possible Wittig routes to an alkene. • Analyze the structure retrosynthetically, i.e., work the synthesis out backworks • Disconnect (break the bond of the target that can be formed by a known reaction) the doubly bonded carbons. One becomes the aldehyde or ketone, the other the ...
Hein and Arena
... molecular weights, because none of these compounds are able to form hydrogen bonds to like molecules. • Ether molecules are slightly polar as a consequence of the C-O-C linkage, but the dipole-dipole attractions that occur between ether molecules are not strong enough to raise boiling points much ab ...
... molecular weights, because none of these compounds are able to form hydrogen bonds to like molecules. • Ether molecules are slightly polar as a consequence of the C-O-C linkage, but the dipole-dipole attractions that occur between ether molecules are not strong enough to raise boiling points much ab ...
Document
... One of the lone pairs has come from the bond in the Br2 molecule. It had a share of the bonding pair, but now has both electrons. ...
... One of the lone pairs has come from the bond in the Br2 molecule. It had a share of the bonding pair, but now has both electrons. ...
167KB - NZQA
... Carboxylic acid (butanoic acid) is obtained by reacting a mixture of butan-1ol with acidified potassium dichromate solution (under reflux conditions) until all of the reactant has been converted to butanoic acid. Observations: orange Cr2O72– to green /, purple MnO4– to colourless / aldehyde condense ...
... Carboxylic acid (butanoic acid) is obtained by reacting a mixture of butan-1ol with acidified potassium dichromate solution (under reflux conditions) until all of the reactant has been converted to butanoic acid. Observations: orange Cr2O72– to green /, purple MnO4– to colourless / aldehyde condense ...
NCEA Level 3 Chemistry (91391) 2013
... Carboxylic acid (butanoic acid) is obtained by reacting a mixture of butan-1ol with acidified potassium dichromate solution (under reflux conditions) until all of the reactant has been converted to butanoic acid. Observations: orange Cr2O72– to green /, purple MnO4– to colourless / aldehyde condense ...
... Carboxylic acid (butanoic acid) is obtained by reacting a mixture of butan-1ol with acidified potassium dichromate solution (under reflux conditions) until all of the reactant has been converted to butanoic acid. Observations: orange Cr2O72– to green /, purple MnO4– to colourless / aldehyde condense ...
chemistry 1000
... considered candidates for “principal functional group”. Since there can only be one kind, use the table on p.16 to determine which. The principal functional group takes priority when numbering the main chain. As such, substituting OH for one of the H in 5chlorohex-1-ene may result in a re-numbering: ...
... considered candidates for “principal functional group”. Since there can only be one kind, use the table on p.16 to determine which. The principal functional group takes priority when numbering the main chain. As such, substituting OH for one of the H in 5chlorohex-1-ene may result in a re-numbering: ...
Chapter 14
... The naming of epoxides can either be from the starting alkene used to synthesize the OXIDE ...
... The naming of epoxides can either be from the starting alkene used to synthesize the OXIDE ...
Organic Chemistry Introduction
... • Stabilize a high energy intermediate you stabilize the transition state leading to it ...
... • Stabilize a high energy intermediate you stabilize the transition state leading to it ...
Chapter 21 aldehydes and ketones
... • Electron-donating groups near the carbonyl carbon stabilize the carbonyl group, decreasing the amount of the hydrate at equilibrium. • Electron-withdrawing groups near the carbonyl carbon destabilize the carbonyl group, increasing the amount of hydrate at equilibrium. • This explains why chloral f ...
... • Electron-donating groups near the carbonyl carbon stabilize the carbonyl group, decreasing the amount of the hydrate at equilibrium. • Electron-withdrawing groups near the carbonyl carbon destabilize the carbonyl group, increasing the amount of hydrate at equilibrium. • This explains why chloral f ...
Free Radical Chemistry and the Preparation of Alkyl
... With larger alkanes, there are several positions where loss of H . could occur Products of free-radical halogenations therefore can be mixtures of isomers Key consideration: Are all positions equally likely to react to form radicals? ...
... With larger alkanes, there are several positions where loss of H . could occur Products of free-radical halogenations therefore can be mixtures of isomers Key consideration: Are all positions equally likely to react to form radicals? ...
T10 SL - MsReenChemistry
... Which type of reaction occurs when 2-iodo-2-methylpropane, C(CH3)3I, reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH(aq)? A. ...
... Which type of reaction occurs when 2-iodo-2-methylpropane, C(CH3)3I, reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH(aq)? A. ...
Mechanism of the oxymercuration of substituted cyclohexenes
... Abstract : The stereochemistry of the oxymercuration of 4-tert-butylcyclohexene (5) and 1-methyl-Ctert-butylcyclohexene (6)has been determined, and has been shown to give exclusively trans-diaxial products. The stereochemistry of the bromination and methoxybromination, both of which proceed uiu cycl ...
... Abstract : The stereochemistry of the oxymercuration of 4-tert-butylcyclohexene (5) and 1-methyl-Ctert-butylcyclohexene (6)has been determined, and has been shown to give exclusively trans-diaxial products. The stereochemistry of the bromination and methoxybromination, both of which proceed uiu cycl ...
mark scheme - A-Level Chemistry
... O bond / HO on a compound with molecular formula for H2SO4 M2 could be to an H+ ion and M3 an independent O − H bond break on a compound with molecular formula for H2SO4 Max any 3 of 4 marks for a correct mechanism using the wrong organic reactant or wrong organic product (if shown) or a primary car ...
... O bond / HO on a compound with molecular formula for H2SO4 M2 could be to an H+ ion and M3 an independent O − H bond break on a compound with molecular formula for H2SO4 Max any 3 of 4 marks for a correct mechanism using the wrong organic reactant or wrong organic product (if shown) or a primary car ...
Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement
The Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement (TDR) is the chemical reaction of a 1-aminomethyl-cycloalkanol with nitrous acid to form an enlarged cycloketone.The Tiffeneau–Demjanov ring expansion, Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement, or TDR, provides an easy way to increase amino-substituted cycloalkanes and cycloalkanols in size by one carbon. Ring sizes from cyclopropane through cyclooctane are able to undergo Tiffeneau–Demjanov ring expansion with some degree of success. Yields decrease as initial ring size increases, and the ideal use of TDR is for synthesis of five, six, and seven membered rings. A principal synthetic application of Tiffeneau–Demjanov ring expansion is to bicyclic or polycyclic systems. Several reviews on this reaction have been published.