2.10 Organic synthesis – Oxidation of alcohols
... • The reaction will proceed at a constant temperature (i.e. the solvent's boiling point.). •Any vapours given off are cooled back to liquid, and fall back into the reaction vessel • Useful for performing chemical reactions under controlled conditions that require substantial time for completion. ...
... • The reaction will proceed at a constant temperature (i.e. the solvent's boiling point.). •Any vapours given off are cooled back to liquid, and fall back into the reaction vessel • Useful for performing chemical reactions under controlled conditions that require substantial time for completion. ...
C h e m g u i d e ... ALCOHOLS: ESTERIFICATION
... 4. Esters can be also be made by reacting alcohols with acyl chlorides such as ethanoyl chloride, CH3COCl. a) Suggest a disadvantage of making, say, ethyl ethanoate using this reaction. b) What advantage(s) does the method have over the reaction between ethanol and ethanoic acid? c) Write the equati ...
... 4. Esters can be also be made by reacting alcohols with acyl chlorides such as ethanoyl chloride, CH3COCl. a) Suggest a disadvantage of making, say, ethyl ethanoate using this reaction. b) What advantage(s) does the method have over the reaction between ethanol and ethanoic acid? c) Write the equati ...
1.1 10 Oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes
... 1 Describe the oxidation of primary alcohols to form aldehydes and carboxylic acids. 1 Describe the oxidation of secondary alcohols to form ketones. 1 Describe the oxidation of aldehydes to form carboxylic acids. ...
... 1 Describe the oxidation of primary alcohols to form aldehydes and carboxylic acids. 1 Describe the oxidation of secondary alcohols to form ketones. 1 Describe the oxidation of aldehydes to form carboxylic acids. ...
Ch-6-Alcohols and phenols - Home
... One explanation for the increased acidity over alcohols is resonance stabilization of the phenoxide anion by the aromatic ring. In this way, the negative charge on oxygen is shared by the ortho and para carbon atoms. OH ...
... One explanation for the increased acidity over alcohols is resonance stabilization of the phenoxide anion by the aromatic ring. In this way, the negative charge on oxygen is shared by the ortho and para carbon atoms. OH ...
Chemistry Honors Study Guide – Organic Chemistry You should be
... □ Write general, molecular, structural, condensed structural, carbon skeleton, and line-angle formulas of organic molecules ...
... □ Write general, molecular, structural, condensed structural, carbon skeleton, and line-angle formulas of organic molecules ...
Chapter 7: Alkenes and Alkynes – Properties and Synthesis
... Terminal alkynes and their use in synthesis Ch 7.12–7.115: Hydrogenation, Reduction, Syn/Anti addition Dissolving metal reduction, Index of hydrogen deficiency ...
... Terminal alkynes and their use in synthesis Ch 7.12–7.115: Hydrogenation, Reduction, Syn/Anti addition Dissolving metal reduction, Index of hydrogen deficiency ...
Unit 1 Chemistry
... of reaction created it? Addition, subtraction, substitution or combustion Addition, one of the multiple bonds was broken and a ...
... of reaction created it? Addition, subtraction, substitution or combustion Addition, one of the multiple bonds was broken and a ...
Preparation of Alcohols
... F: Hydroxide attacks the less hindered carbon to give the trans diol. Carey 16.12-13. G: Alcohols are formed by the use of hydride reagents: LiAlH4, BH3. NaBH4 doesn't work (not reactive enough), even though BH3 does. Go figure. Carey Table 15.3. H: Two ways to do this, depending on which part of th ...
... F: Hydroxide attacks the less hindered carbon to give the trans diol. Carey 16.12-13. G: Alcohols are formed by the use of hydride reagents: LiAlH4, BH3. NaBH4 doesn't work (not reactive enough), even though BH3 does. Go figure. Carey Table 15.3. H: Two ways to do this, depending on which part of th ...
Chemistry: Spring Semester Lecture Notes - Teach-n-Learn-Chem
... For this class, if a benzene ring is connected to an interior C atom in a hydrocarbon chain, it is called a phenyl (“FENN uhl”) group. It looks like THIS ...
... For this class, if a benzene ring is connected to an interior C atom in a hydrocarbon chain, it is called a phenyl (“FENN uhl”) group. It looks like THIS ...
TYPES OF ORGANIC CHEMICAL REACTIONS
... Substitution reactions often require heat and/or a catalyst in order to occur. Example: Substitution of an alkane H H H C H + Cl2 H C Cl + HCl H H HEAT ...
... Substitution reactions often require heat and/or a catalyst in order to occur. Example: Substitution of an alkane H H H C H + Cl2 H C Cl + HCl H H HEAT ...
Reactions of Hydrocarbons & their functional groups
... • Change in the number of H or O atoms bonded to C • Always occur together • One reactant is oxidized while the other is reduced • For now, lets focus on reactant only… ...
... • Change in the number of H or O atoms bonded to C • Always occur together • One reactant is oxidized while the other is reduced • For now, lets focus on reactant only… ...
Erik`s Chemistry: Organic Chemistry Notes - ECHS Chemistry
... Alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbon, olefin) contains one double bond. Made by cracking an alkane (heating long-chain alkane in presence of catalyst). This causes (among other things) a double bond to form, and the elimination of two H's. General rule: 2n, creates at least one pi bond. Has sp2 hybridiz ...
... Alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbon, olefin) contains one double bond. Made by cracking an alkane (heating long-chain alkane in presence of catalyst). This causes (among other things) a double bond to form, and the elimination of two H's. General rule: 2n, creates at least one pi bond. Has sp2 hybridiz ...
Organic Chemistry The chemistry of carbon compounds. Carbon
... Chemical properties:1- React with metals to produce Alkoxides R-OH + Na ...
... Chemical properties:1- React with metals to produce Alkoxides R-OH + Na ...
Taylor`s Organic Reactions Summary Sheet
... Alkyl halides are produced in halogenation reactions with hydrocarbons. Recall Markovnikov’s rule “the rich get richer” applies when hydrogen halides are reactants, and must be considered in designing the synthesis of specific alkyl halides. These alkyl halides can then be transformed into other org ...
... Alkyl halides are produced in halogenation reactions with hydrocarbons. Recall Markovnikov’s rule “the rich get richer” applies when hydrogen halides are reactants, and must be considered in designing the synthesis of specific alkyl halides. These alkyl halides can then be transformed into other org ...
TYPES OF REACTIONS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
... ~ Ethane is produced in small amounts, can only be explained by CH3 + CH3 ~ The presence of tetramethyl - lead greatly speeds up the reaction as it is a source of methyl free radicals. ...
... ~ Ethane is produced in small amounts, can only be explained by CH3 + CH3 ~ The presence of tetramethyl - lead greatly speeds up the reaction as it is a source of methyl free radicals. ...
conversion of the OH group into a better leaving group, and
... • When 2° or 3° alkyl groups are bonded to the ether oxygen, the C—O bond is cleaved by an SN1 mechanism involving a carbocation. With methyl or 1° R groups, the C—O bond is cleaved by an SN2 mechanism. Example: In the reaction of (CH3)3COCH3 with HI, the 3° alkyl group undergoes nucleophilic substi ...
... • When 2° or 3° alkyl groups are bonded to the ether oxygen, the C—O bond is cleaved by an SN1 mechanism involving a carbocation. With methyl or 1° R groups, the C—O bond is cleaved by an SN2 mechanism. Example: In the reaction of (CH3)3COCH3 with HI, the 3° alkyl group undergoes nucleophilic substi ...
Alcohols, Aldehydes, and Ketones
... 2-propanol is also called isopropyl alcohol or isopropanol. An aqueous solution of 70% by volume of ...
... 2-propanol is also called isopropyl alcohol or isopropanol. An aqueous solution of 70% by volume of ...
Reactions of Alcohols
... The ZnCl2 coordinates to the hydroxyl oxygen, and this generates a far superior leaving group. Primary alcohols react in a similar fashion except the free cation is not generated, and the substitution is of S N2 ...
... The ZnCl2 coordinates to the hydroxyl oxygen, and this generates a far superior leaving group. Primary alcohols react in a similar fashion except the free cation is not generated, and the substitution is of S N2 ...
16.7 Addition of Alcohols: Hemiacetals and Acetals
... • Aldehydes and ketones establish equilibria with alcohols to form hemiacetals or acetals. • Hemiacetals, which have an -OH and an -OR on what was the carbonyl carbon, result from addition of one alcohol molecule to the C=O bond. • The more stable acetals, which have two -OR groups on what was the c ...
... • Aldehydes and ketones establish equilibria with alcohols to form hemiacetals or acetals. • Hemiacetals, which have an -OH and an -OR on what was the carbonyl carbon, result from addition of one alcohol molecule to the C=O bond. • The more stable acetals, which have two -OR groups on what was the c ...
Chapter 1 Structure and Bonding
... Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyls 1) Reduction reactions can be reversed to give the aldehydes or ketones 2) Oxidizing Reagent is Cr(VI) a) (Na2Cr2O7 or K2Cr2O7 or CrO3) and H2SO4 and H2O R' CH OH R ...
... Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyls 1) Reduction reactions can be reversed to give the aldehydes or ketones 2) Oxidizing Reagent is Cr(VI) a) (Na2Cr2O7 or K2Cr2O7 or CrO3) and H2SO4 and H2O R' CH OH R ...
Alcohol
In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–OH) is bound to a saturated carbon atom. The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethyl alcohol (ethanol), the predominant alcohol in alcoholic beverages.The suffix -ol appears in the IUPAC chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the highest priority; in substances where a higher priority group is present the prefix hydroxy- will appear in the IUPAC name. The suffix -ol in non-systematic names (such as paracetamol or cholesterol) also typically indicates that the substance includes a hydroxyl functional group and, so, can be termed an alcohol. But many substances, particularly sugars (examples glucose and sucrose) contain hydroxyl functional groups without using the suffix. An important class of alcohols, of which methanol and ethanol are the simplest members is the saturated straight chain alcohols, the general formula for which is CnH2n+1OH.