rules for predicting products of chemical reactions
... - Both of the reactants must be soluble in water - If a compound contains at least one of the ions that is proven soluble, then the compound will be at least moderately soluble - One product must be soluble and one product must be insoluble o The insoluble product is the precipitate that forms when ...
... - Both of the reactants must be soluble in water - If a compound contains at least one of the ions that is proven soluble, then the compound will be at least moderately soluble - One product must be soluble and one product must be insoluble o The insoluble product is the precipitate that forms when ...
Fisher Esterification - OpenBU
... methanol. Within the tetrahedral intermediate, proton transfer occurs to generate water as a good leaving group. Reformation of the carbonyl π bond by elimination of water generates the protonated ester. Loss of the proton then regenerates the acid catalyst and provides the product ester in a reacti ...
... methanol. Within the tetrahedral intermediate, proton transfer occurs to generate water as a good leaving group. Reformation of the carbonyl π bond by elimination of water generates the protonated ester. Loss of the proton then regenerates the acid catalyst and provides the product ester in a reacti ...
Organic Compounds Containing C, H and O
... Ans. i. a. Nitro (-NO2) group is an electron withdrawing whereas methoxy (-OCH3) group is electron releasing in nature. o-nitrophenol produces H+ ions easily but methoxyphenol does not. This is because o-nitrophenoxide ion is stabilised due to resonance. This is not true with o-methoxyphenoxide ion. ...
... Ans. i. a. Nitro (-NO2) group is an electron withdrawing whereas methoxy (-OCH3) group is electron releasing in nature. o-nitrophenol produces H+ ions easily but methoxyphenol does not. This is because o-nitrophenoxide ion is stabilised due to resonance. This is not true with o-methoxyphenoxide ion. ...
Review and New - ChemConnections
... • When 1-propanol is treated with Na2Cr2O7/H2SO4 followed by treatment with CH3OH, H2SO4 the product isolated is: ...
... • When 1-propanol is treated with Na2Cr2O7/H2SO4 followed by treatment with CH3OH, H2SO4 the product isolated is: ...
Chem 30B Spring 2004 QUIZ #1 KEY Weds April 14th / 30
... 9. When a primary or secondary alcohol is oxidized with chromic acid (H2CrO4), the first step of the mechanism involves the formation of a species called a chromate ester – what is the oxidation state of the Cr atom in this species? A ...
... 9. When a primary or secondary alcohol is oxidized with chromic acid (H2CrO4), the first step of the mechanism involves the formation of a species called a chromate ester – what is the oxidation state of the Cr atom in this species? A ...
Glossary The definitions in this glossary have
... acids present in one gram of oil or fat (see also Free Fatty Acid) Aliphatic – carbon atoms linked in the form of straight or branched chains but not in the form of a benzene ring Alkali – a substance having a pH between 7 and 14 Amine – a chemical grouping based on a nitrogen atom linked to an alip ...
... acids present in one gram of oil or fat (see also Free Fatty Acid) Aliphatic – carbon atoms linked in the form of straight or branched chains but not in the form of a benzene ring Alkali – a substance having a pH between 7 and 14 Amine – a chemical grouping based on a nitrogen atom linked to an alip ...
CfE Higher Chemistry Homework Unit 2: Natures Chemistry
... 8. Electrophoresis, widely used in medicine and forensics, involves the movement of ions in an electric field. The technique can be used to separate and identify amino acids produced by the breakdown of proteins. ...
... 8. Electrophoresis, widely used in medicine and forensics, involves the movement of ions in an electric field. The technique can be used to separate and identify amino acids produced by the breakdown of proteins. ...
-23- ORGANIC CHEMISTRY A. STRUCTURE AND ISOMERISM 1
... hydrolysis (substitution) - H2O and H+ or HOAmides hydrolysis (substitution) - H2O and H+ or HOAmines (a) reaction with acid (acid-base) - e.g. HCl, CH3COOH, etc. (b) amide formation (substitution) - carboxylic acids/heat Phenols (a) reaction with strong base (acid-base) - NaOH (b) ester formation ( ...
... hydrolysis (substitution) - H2O and H+ or HOAmides hydrolysis (substitution) - H2O and H+ or HOAmines (a) reaction with acid (acid-base) - e.g. HCl, CH3COOH, etc. (b) amide formation (substitution) - carboxylic acids/heat Phenols (a) reaction with strong base (acid-base) - NaOH (b) ester formation ( ...
Document
... A very important addition/elimination reaction • Aspirin is made by an addition/elimination reaction. • The phenol attack the acid anhydride (slightly less reactive than acid chloride but still very reactive). • As usual a tetrahedral intermediate is generated. • This intermediate can regenerate th ...
... A very important addition/elimination reaction • Aspirin is made by an addition/elimination reaction. • The phenol attack the acid anhydride (slightly less reactive than acid chloride but still very reactive). • As usual a tetrahedral intermediate is generated. • This intermediate can regenerate th ...
Organic Chemistry (HL) Revision Questions
... Two compounds, A and D, each have the formula C4H9Cl. Compound A is reacted with dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide to produce compound B with a formula of C4H10O. Compound B is then oxidized with acidified potassium manganate(VII) to produce compound C with a formula of C4H8O. Compound C resists furth ...
... Two compounds, A and D, each have the formula C4H9Cl. Compound A is reacted with dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide to produce compound B with a formula of C4H10O. Compound B is then oxidized with acidified potassium manganate(VII) to produce compound C with a formula of C4H8O. Compound C resists furth ...
09 Stoichiometry WS Stoichiometry WS
... 1.40g of N2 are used in the reaction, how many grams of H2 will be needed? 4. What mass of sulfuric acid, H2SO4, is required to react with 1.27 g of potassium hydroxide? The products of this reaction are potassium sulfate and water. 5. Ammonium hydrogen phosphate, (NH4)2HPO4, a common fertilizer, is ...
... 1.40g of N2 are used in the reaction, how many grams of H2 will be needed? 4. What mass of sulfuric acid, H2SO4, is required to react with 1.27 g of potassium hydroxide? The products of this reaction are potassium sulfate and water. 5. Ammonium hydrogen phosphate, (NH4)2HPO4, a common fertilizer, is ...
Dehydration of 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol to make alkenes March 1 & 3
... Elimination Reactions Let’s Review: – Elimination reaction: a fundamental organic reaction Two species are eliminated from a substrate Elimination mean’s they are gone, gone, gone – NOT a substitution ...
... Elimination Reactions Let’s Review: – Elimination reaction: a fundamental organic reaction Two species are eliminated from a substrate Elimination mean’s they are gone, gone, gone – NOT a substitution ...
orgchem rev integ odd numbers
... 33. Lovastatin is used for lowering cholesterol in hypercholesterolemia and so preventing cardiovascular disease. How many stereogenic centers are there in Lovastatin? ...
... 33. Lovastatin is used for lowering cholesterol in hypercholesterolemia and so preventing cardiovascular disease. How many stereogenic centers are there in Lovastatin? ...
Synthesis of benzil
... Oxidation of alcohols to form ketones Aldehyde, ketone and imine hydroboration ...
... Oxidation of alcohols to form ketones Aldehyde, ketone and imine hydroboration ...
Notes on Chapter 12 Chemical Equilibrium
... 1. For a reaction to occur 3 conditions must be met: a. collision-reactants must collide so the molecules can make contact to react together. b. orientation-reactants must align properly in order to existing break and form new bonds. c. energy-the collision must provide sufficient energy to supply t ...
... 1. For a reaction to occur 3 conditions must be met: a. collision-reactants must collide so the molecules can make contact to react together. b. orientation-reactants must align properly in order to existing break and form new bonds. c. energy-the collision must provide sufficient energy to supply t ...
C h e m g u i d e ... ALCOHOLS: THE REACTION WITH SODIUM
... (If you have drawn a line between the oxygen and the sodium in the product, it is wrong, even if you have included the charges! This is an ionic bond – a line shows a covalent bond. Make sure that you have got the equation balanced properly as well as having the correct structure.) e) Disposing of s ...
... (If you have drawn a line between the oxygen and the sodium in the product, it is wrong, even if you have included the charges! This is an ionic bond – a line shows a covalent bond. Make sure that you have got the equation balanced properly as well as having the correct structure.) e) Disposing of s ...
2.2.1 Exercise 3 - oxidation reactions of alcohols - A
... Draw and name the apparatus used for the complete oxidation of a primary alcohol. Explain how the apparatus used ensures that the alcohol is completely oxidized. ...
... Draw and name the apparatus used for the complete oxidation of a primary alcohol. Explain how the apparatus used ensures that the alcohol is completely oxidized. ...
IGCSE Chemistry Definitions – LEARN THESE! Melting
... Exothermic Reaction - A reaction which gives out heat (ΔH is negative) Endothermic Reaction - A reaction which takes in heat (ΔH is positive). pH - A scale of 0 – 14 which identifies solution as acidic, neutral or alkaline. Base - A substance with a pH higher than 7, they react with acids to form a ...
... Exothermic Reaction - A reaction which gives out heat (ΔH is negative) Endothermic Reaction - A reaction which takes in heat (ΔH is positive). pH - A scale of 0 – 14 which identifies solution as acidic, neutral or alkaline. Base - A substance with a pH higher than 7, they react with acids to form a ...
Etherification of monosaccharide with isobutene: A - chem
... some bio-feedstock compounds. A recent example is etherification of glycerol and ethylene glycol with isobutene over acidic catalysts. [1] [2] The reaction is straightforward thanks to the facile formation of tertiary carbocation from isobutene, which subsequently reacts with the alcohols. ...
... some bio-feedstock compounds. A recent example is etherification of glycerol and ethylene glycol with isobutene over acidic catalysts. [1] [2] The reaction is straightforward thanks to the facile formation of tertiary carbocation from isobutene, which subsequently reacts with the alcohols. ...
ORGANIC
... Alcohol -ol R-OH CH3OH : methanol Aldehyde -al RCHO C2H5CHO : propanal Ketone -one RCOR CH3COC2H5 : butanone Carboxylic acid -oic acid RCOOH CH3COOH : ethanoic acid Esters -yl -oate RCOOR HCOOC2H5 : ethyl methanoate Amine -amine RNH2 C2H5NH2 ethanamine ...
... Alcohol -ol R-OH CH3OH : methanol Aldehyde -al RCHO C2H5CHO : propanal Ketone -one RCOR CH3COC2H5 : butanone Carboxylic acid -oic acid RCOOH CH3COOH : ethanoic acid Esters -yl -oate RCOOR HCOOC2H5 : ethyl methanoate Amine -amine RNH2 C2H5NH2 ethanamine ...
sch3u unit 1 test: matter
... 26. ___ Barium hydroxide produced in a double displacement reaction will precipitate out. 27. ___ Hydrogen is in the activity series because it classifies as a metal. SECTION B: THINKING/INQUIRY (30 marks) 1. Draw the following Lewis symbols/Lewis structures (2 marks each) a) oxygen atom b) chloride ...
... 26. ___ Barium hydroxide produced in a double displacement reaction will precipitate out. 27. ___ Hydrogen is in the activity series because it classifies as a metal. SECTION B: THINKING/INQUIRY (30 marks) 1. Draw the following Lewis symbols/Lewis structures (2 marks each) a) oxygen atom b) chloride ...
Chapter 11: Reactions at an sp3 Hybridized Carbon III
... Regeneration of the original alcohol by breaking off the TBS protecting group after doing some chemical reactions on the R group ...
... Regeneration of the original alcohol by breaking off the TBS protecting group after doing some chemical reactions on the R group ...
Strychnine total synthesis
Strychnine total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule strychnine. The first reported method by the group of Robert Burns Woodward in 1954 is considered a classic in this research field. At the time it formed the natural conclusion to an elaborate process of molecular structure elucidation that started with the isolation of strychnine from the beans of Strychnos ignatii by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818. Major contributors to the entire effort were Sir Robert Robinson with over 250 publications and Hermann Leuchs with another 125 papers in a time span of 40 years. Robinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947 for his work on alkaloids, strychnine included. The process of chemical identification was completed with publications in 1946 by Robinson and later confirmed by Woodward in 1947. X-ray structures establishing the absolute configuration became available between 1947 and 1951 with publications from J. M. Bijvoet and J.H. Robertson .Woodward published a very brief account on the strychnine synthesis in 1954 (just 3 pages) and a lengthy one (42 pages) in 1963.Many more methods exist and reported by the research groups of Magnus, Overman, Kuehne, Rawal, Bosch, Vollhardt, Mori, Shibasaki, Li, Fukuyama Vanderwal and MacMillan. Synthetic (+)-strychnine is also known. Racemic synthesises were published by Padwa in 2007 and in 2010 by Andrade and by Reissig.In his 1963 publication Woodward quoted Sir Robert Robinson who said for its molecular size it is the most complex substance known.