Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry
... When a hydrocarbon is fully combusted, the mass of water and carbon dioxide collected can be used directly to determine the amount of carbon and hydrogen in the original compound. ...
... When a hydrocarbon is fully combusted, the mass of water and carbon dioxide collected can be used directly to determine the amount of carbon and hydrogen in the original compound. ...
CAPE CHEMISTRY UNIT II MODULE I Alkanes and Alkenes
... is oxidized to the dialcohol. A brown suspension of manganese (IV) oxide, MnO2, appears. Under alkaline conditions, the manganate(VII) ions are first reduced to green manganate(VI) ions . ...
... is oxidized to the dialcohol. A brown suspension of manganese (IV) oxide, MnO2, appears. Under alkaline conditions, the manganate(VII) ions are first reduced to green manganate(VI) ions . ...
aminoalkanes (or amines)
... Mines all contain a nitrogen atom in the organic molecule. They occur widely in nature and are used to manufacture local anaesthetics, sulfur drugs and many other medicines. Names and Classification: Amines are organic derivatives of ammonia. They are classified as primary, secondary or tertiary dep ...
... Mines all contain a nitrogen atom in the organic molecule. They occur widely in nature and are used to manufacture local anaesthetics, sulfur drugs and many other medicines. Names and Classification: Amines are organic derivatives of ammonia. They are classified as primary, secondary or tertiary dep ...
Dehydration notes-1
... Acid catalyzed – creates a good leaving group (i.e. water) Carbocation intermediate formation. First two steps of the mechanism at the same as for SN1. Carbocation will rearrange for increased stability, if possible. 5. Protons can be removed from any adjacent position leading to multiple products. ...
... Acid catalyzed – creates a good leaving group (i.e. water) Carbocation intermediate formation. First two steps of the mechanism at the same as for SN1. Carbocation will rearrange for increased stability, if possible. 5. Protons can be removed from any adjacent position leading to multiple products. ...
Naming Hydrocarbons and Substituted Hydrocarbons
... ketone) n Acids q general formula: RCOOH q suffix: oic acid q example: CH3CH2COOH (propanoic acid) q important acids: ethanoic acid-acetic acid (vinegar) n Ethers - produced by dehydration synthesis of two primary alcohols [R-OH + HO-R ! R-O-R + H2O] q general formula: R-O-R q example: diethyl ether ...
... ketone) n Acids q general formula: RCOOH q suffix: oic acid q example: CH3CH2COOH (propanoic acid) q important acids: ethanoic acid-acetic acid (vinegar) n Ethers - produced by dehydration synthesis of two primary alcohols [R-OH + HO-R ! R-O-R + H2O] q general formula: R-O-R q example: diethyl ether ...
Organic Molecules
... Polymers like polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids are made from different monomers, but they are all built and broken in the same way. Monomer – 1 unit ...
... Polymers like polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids are made from different monomers, but they are all built and broken in the same way. Monomer – 1 unit ...
Redox Reactions Test Review
... 8. In a redox reaction, ClO4-1 is changed to Cl-1. a. Are electrons lost or gained by chlorine? b. How many electrons are lost or gained by chlorine? ...
... 8. In a redox reaction, ClO4-1 is changed to Cl-1. a. Are electrons lost or gained by chlorine? b. How many electrons are lost or gained by chlorine? ...
+ H 2 O(g)
... Balance the reaction. Describe the chemical process represented by this reaction. Write the name of each single reactant and product. ...
... Balance the reaction. Describe the chemical process represented by this reaction. Write the name of each single reactant and product. ...
Chemistry - WordPress.com
... 65. In the assay of ephedrine HCl, we dissolve in water, add a reagent X, filter then extract with methylene chloride, what is the reagent X: a. 0.1 N NaOH (or Na2CO3) 66. Perchloric acid is stronger than acetic acid because: a. Acetic acid is more basic ??? 67. Codeine phosphate is dissolved in ace ...
... 65. In the assay of ephedrine HCl, we dissolve in water, add a reagent X, filter then extract with methylene chloride, what is the reagent X: a. 0.1 N NaOH (or Na2CO3) 66. Perchloric acid is stronger than acetic acid because: a. Acetic acid is more basic ??? 67. Codeine phosphate is dissolved in ace ...
The Chemistry of Alkyl Halides - Welcome to people.pharmacy
... In a stereospecific reaction with a given stereochemistry—anti-elimination, in this case—a diastereomeric product requires a diastereomeric starting material (either enantiomer). The easiest path to the answer is to convert the starting material in Eq. 9.40a into its diastereomer by the interchange ...
... In a stereospecific reaction with a given stereochemistry—anti-elimination, in this case—a diastereomeric product requires a diastereomeric starting material (either enantiomer). The easiest path to the answer is to convert the starting material in Eq. 9.40a into its diastereomer by the interchange ...
Organic Chem Functional Groups
... They are described as being non-superimposable in the sense that you couldn't slide one molecule exactly over the other one. Something would always be pointing in the wrong direction. These molecules are said to be chiral. Chiral molecules have the same physical properties, but b/c they differ in th ...
... They are described as being non-superimposable in the sense that you couldn't slide one molecule exactly over the other one. Something would always be pointing in the wrong direction. These molecules are said to be chiral. Chiral molecules have the same physical properties, but b/c they differ in th ...
Common aldehydes and ketones
... • A compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) is normally in rapid equilibrium with an enol tautomer, which contains a pair of doubly bonded carbon atoms adjacent to a hydroxyl (−OH) group, C=C-OH. The keto form predominates at equilibrium for most ketones. Nonetheless, the enol form is important f ...
... • A compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) is normally in rapid equilibrium with an enol tautomer, which contains a pair of doubly bonded carbon atoms adjacent to a hydroxyl (−OH) group, C=C-OH. The keto form predominates at equilibrium for most ketones. Nonetheless, the enol form is important f ...
Double bonds
... Because it also has a carboxyl group, glycine is both an amine and a carboxylic acid; compounds with both groups are called amino acids. ...
... Because it also has a carboxyl group, glycine is both an amine and a carboxylic acid; compounds with both groups are called amino acids. ...
Chemical Reactions Practice Test
... b) kilograms c) atomic weights d) moles ______3. The coefficients from the balanced equation represent a) mole ratios b) masses c) molar masses _______4. In a chemical equation the symbol (aq) means a. b. c. d. ...
... b) kilograms c) atomic weights d) moles ______3. The coefficients from the balanced equation represent a) mole ratios b) masses c) molar masses _______4. In a chemical equation the symbol (aq) means a. b. c. d. ...
2.9 database - DrBravoChemistry
... why this compound can exist in two stereoisomeric forms. Type of isomerism ....................................................................................................... ...
... why this compound can exist in two stereoisomeric forms. Type of isomerism ....................................................................................................... ...
Oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes
... • Using a process known as REFLUX, the reaction contents are continually heated at their boiling point temperature, so HOTTER and LONGER heating then alcohol conversion to an aldehyde • Still uses acidified potassium dichromate Primary + Oxidising Carboxylic + water alcohol agent acid ...
... • Using a process known as REFLUX, the reaction contents are continually heated at their boiling point temperature, so HOTTER and LONGER heating then alcohol conversion to an aldehyde • Still uses acidified potassium dichromate Primary + Oxidising Carboxylic + water alcohol agent acid ...
1072. A General Synthesis of Ethers.
... solution, hydrogenation of a ketal gives the same results as that of the carbonyl compound. Enolethers such as 1-methoxycyclopentene also give a mixture of alkane and saturated ether, but in a ratio different from that found for direct hydrogenation of cyclopentanone in acid methanol. This could be ...
... solution, hydrogenation of a ketal gives the same results as that of the carbonyl compound. Enolethers such as 1-methoxycyclopentene also give a mixture of alkane and saturated ether, but in a ratio different from that found for direct hydrogenation of cyclopentanone in acid methanol. This could be ...
CHEMICAL REACTIONS OBJECTIVES 1. To study reactions
... Reactions that evolve heat are called exothermic reactions. In an exothermic reaction, the products have less energy than the reactants. When the products have more energy than the reactants, the reaction is endothermic. The additional energy needed for formation of the products is absorbed from the ...
... Reactions that evolve heat are called exothermic reactions. In an exothermic reaction, the products have less energy than the reactants. When the products have more energy than the reactants, the reaction is endothermic. The additional energy needed for formation of the products is absorbed from the ...
2014 Academic Challenge Sectional Chemistry Exam Solution Set 1
... B. Only the second molecule is polar. In the third and fourth structures, the square planar shape causes any bond dipoles to cancel out. ...
... B. Only the second molecule is polar. In the third and fourth structures, the square planar shape causes any bond dipoles to cancel out. ...
PPT: Intro to Organic Chemistry
... C, H, and O: products are…CO2 and H2O Write the equation for the complete combustion of 2-methyl-2-pentene. C6H12 + 9 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O O Write the equation for the complete combustion of ethylbutanoate. O C6H12O2 + 8 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O ...
... C, H, and O: products are…CO2 and H2O Write the equation for the complete combustion of 2-methyl-2-pentene. C6H12 + 9 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O O Write the equation for the complete combustion of ethylbutanoate. O C6H12O2 + 8 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O ...
with answers
... The equilibrium position of an endothermic reaction shifts to the right if the temperature increases (the system attempts to reduce the increase in T). Removal of a product shifts the equilibrium position to the right. (1P) What is the effect of an increase in pressure on the equilibrium position of ...
... The equilibrium position of an endothermic reaction shifts to the right if the temperature increases (the system attempts to reduce the increase in T). Removal of a product shifts the equilibrium position to the right. (1P) What is the effect of an increase in pressure on the equilibrium position of ...
Science 9
... What are the two types of reactions that involve a gain or a release of energy? Explain each type. ...
... What are the two types of reactions that involve a gain or a release of energy? Explain each type. ...
Strychnine total synthesis
Strychnine total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule strychnine. The first reported method by the group of Robert Burns Woodward in 1954 is considered a classic in this research field. At the time it formed the natural conclusion to an elaborate process of molecular structure elucidation that started with the isolation of strychnine from the beans of Strychnos ignatii by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818. Major contributors to the entire effort were Sir Robert Robinson with over 250 publications and Hermann Leuchs with another 125 papers in a time span of 40 years. Robinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947 for his work on alkaloids, strychnine included. The process of chemical identification was completed with publications in 1946 by Robinson and later confirmed by Woodward in 1947. X-ray structures establishing the absolute configuration became available between 1947 and 1951 with publications from J. M. Bijvoet and J.H. Robertson .Woodward published a very brief account on the strychnine synthesis in 1954 (just 3 pages) and a lengthy one (42 pages) in 1963.Many more methods exist and reported by the research groups of Magnus, Overman, Kuehne, Rawal, Bosch, Vollhardt, Mori, Shibasaki, Li, Fukuyama Vanderwal and MacMillan. Synthetic (+)-strychnine is also known. Racemic synthesises were published by Padwa in 2007 and in 2010 by Andrade and by Reissig.In his 1963 publication Woodward quoted Sir Robert Robinson who said for its molecular size it is the most complex substance known.