Lecture: 2 OCCURRENCE AND STRUCTURE OF
... Write the oxygen at the upper right hand corner of the ring structure (pyranose) and the carbons clockwise around the ring. At the fifth carbon it is necessary to rotate the bond to 90o to make the ring closure. For the D-family of sugars, it is customary to write the terminal CH2OH above the plan ...
... Write the oxygen at the upper right hand corner of the ring structure (pyranose) and the carbons clockwise around the ring. At the fifth carbon it is necessary to rotate the bond to 90o to make the ring closure. For the D-family of sugars, it is customary to write the terminal CH2OH above the plan ...
ALCOHOLS
... 3. Tertiary alcohols are not oxidised. The oxidising agent stays orange. The reaction with acidified potassium dichromate(VI) distinguishes tertiary alcohols from primary and secondary alcohols. ...
... 3. Tertiary alcohols are not oxidised. The oxidising agent stays orange. The reaction with acidified potassium dichromate(VI) distinguishes tertiary alcohols from primary and secondary alcohols. ...
Chapter 11 - Alcohols and Ethers1
... - The common naming calls alcohols as alkyl alcohols (eg: methyl alcohol) - The common names of ethers have the groups attached to the oxygen atom listed in alphabetical order followed by the word ether (eg: Ethly methyl ether) - The ...
... - The common naming calls alcohols as alkyl alcohols (eg: methyl alcohol) - The common names of ethers have the groups attached to the oxygen atom listed in alphabetical order followed by the word ether (eg: Ethly methyl ether) - The ...
unit 17 organic compounds containing oxygen and nitrogen atoms
... Aliphatic aldehydes form a homologous series with the general formula RCHO and ketons with general formula RCOR'. Aldehydes and ketones have the same general formula CnH,"O. Since carbonyl group is present in both aldehydes and ketones, many of their properties are common. But in aldehyde, there is ...
... Aliphatic aldehydes form a homologous series with the general formula RCHO and ketons with general formula RCOR'. Aldehydes and ketones have the same general formula CnH,"O. Since carbonyl group is present in both aldehydes and ketones, many of their properties are common. But in aldehyde, there is ...
Density of solutions answers The concentration of solutions is often
... What is meant by a redox reaction? Give two examples, including balanced chemical equations, of redox reactions. What is meant by a half-reaction for a redox reaction? For the two examples ...
... What is meant by a redox reaction? Give two examples, including balanced chemical equations, of redox reactions. What is meant by a half-reaction for a redox reaction? For the two examples ...
Part II - American Chemical Society
... b. Identify the isomer that exists in optically active forms and describe the difference in behavior of these two forms. ...
... b. Identify the isomer that exists in optically active forms and describe the difference in behavior of these two forms. ...
Document
... 2. Hydrocarbon- is a compound that contains only the elements carbon and hydrogen. 3. Structural formula- shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms in a molecule. 4. Isomers- compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural formulas. 5. Saturated hydrocarbons- a hydrocar ...
... 2. Hydrocarbon- is a compound that contains only the elements carbon and hydrogen. 3. Structural formula- shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms in a molecule. 4. Isomers- compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural formulas. 5. Saturated hydrocarbons- a hydrocar ...
Synthetic Transformations of C=O Compounds Reaction Summary
... o Reacts with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones to give β-substituted carbonyl compounds. This process is called 1,4-addition or conjugate addition. O R ...
... o Reacts with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones to give β-substituted carbonyl compounds. This process is called 1,4-addition or conjugate addition. O R ...
File
... • In Organic Chemistry, you will only be using the prefixes for one to ten. All prefixes have the ending of “yl” but is removed for specific families/groups. Details later. • 1 – meth 6 - hex • 2 – eth 7 - hept • 3 – prop 8 - oct • 4 – but 9 - non • 5 – pent 10 - dec ...
... • In Organic Chemistry, you will only be using the prefixes for one to ten. All prefixes have the ending of “yl” but is removed for specific families/groups. Details later. • 1 – meth 6 - hex • 2 – eth 7 - hept • 3 – prop 8 - oct • 4 – but 9 - non • 5 – pent 10 - dec ...
AP CHEMISTRY PROBLEMS ENTHALPY, ENTROPY, AND FREE
... 13. For the reaction 2NO2 (g) ⇆N2O4 (g) , the values of ΔH° and ΔS° are -58.03 kJ and -176.6 J/K respectively. What is the value of ΔG° at 298 K? Assuming that ΔH° and ΔS° do not depend on temperature, at what temperature is ΔG°=O? Is ΔG° negative above or below this ...
... 13. For the reaction 2NO2 (g) ⇆N2O4 (g) , the values of ΔH° and ΔS° are -58.03 kJ and -176.6 J/K respectively. What is the value of ΔG° at 298 K? Assuming that ΔH° and ΔS° do not depend on temperature, at what temperature is ΔG°=O? Is ΔG° negative above or below this ...
THE CARBON-CARBON DOUBLE BOND
... Notes: (1) A primary amide is an amide unsubstituted on the amide nitrogen - amides with alkyl or other substituents on N cannot be dehydrated. (2) SOCl2 is thionyl chloride and POCl3 is phosphorus oxychloride. Both are powerful dehydrating agents. Reactivity of Nitriles: ...
... Notes: (1) A primary amide is an amide unsubstituted on the amide nitrogen - amides with alkyl or other substituents on N cannot be dehydrated. (2) SOCl2 is thionyl chloride and POCl3 is phosphorus oxychloride. Both are powerful dehydrating agents. Reactivity of Nitriles: ...
Ch. 5-Biomolecules- Life`s 4 large molecules
... protien- caused by changes in pH and temperature. ...
... protien- caused by changes in pH and temperature. ...
Functional Groups
... Atoms other than hydrogen or carbon covalently bonded to a carbon atom in an organic molecule. Most commonly oxygen, nitrogen, or the halogens. The presence of a functional group drastically changes the chemical properties of a molecule. ...
... Atoms other than hydrogen or carbon covalently bonded to a carbon atom in an organic molecule. Most commonly oxygen, nitrogen, or the halogens. The presence of a functional group drastically changes the chemical properties of a molecule. ...
Rapid Microwave Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity
... parameters of the N and H atoms within both the LT- and HT-Li4NH phases. Simultaneous thermal analysis (thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis; TG-DTA) was performed using a NETZSCH STA 409PC thermobalance coupled to a HIDEN HPR20 mass spectrometer (MS). Approximately 30 mg of Li4NH was ...
... parameters of the N and H atoms within both the LT- and HT-Li4NH phases. Simultaneous thermal analysis (thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis; TG-DTA) was performed using a NETZSCH STA 409PC thermobalance coupled to a HIDEN HPR20 mass spectrometer (MS). Approximately 30 mg of Li4NH was ...
Experiment 2. Oxidation of an Alcohol (see Ege`s: pp 515-519)
... Brine is highly ionic, thus expelling non-ionic organic compounds/solvents out of the aqueous layer (i.e., brine). “brine and water-immiscible organic solvents separate better → drier organic layer” • The brine washed organic layer still contains a trace amount of water. In order to further remove w ...
... Brine is highly ionic, thus expelling non-ionic organic compounds/solvents out of the aqueous layer (i.e., brine). “brine and water-immiscible organic solvents separate better → drier organic layer” • The brine washed organic layer still contains a trace amount of water. In order to further remove w ...
An Overview of Carbonyl Compound Chemistry
... nucleophilic. For very reactive species, like acyl halides, there is no need to add an acid or a base as the catalyst. In most cases for esters or derivatives less reactive than esters, for example, hydrolysis of esters, amides, and nitriles, either acids or bases would be added to accelerate the ra ...
... nucleophilic. For very reactive species, like acyl halides, there is no need to add an acid or a base as the catalyst. In most cases for esters or derivatives less reactive than esters, for example, hydrolysis of esters, amides, and nitriles, either acids or bases would be added to accelerate the ra ...
Carbon-Carbon Bond Forming Reactions
... - must consider regioselectivity when using substituted benzenes directing effects: o/p or m (see handout) ...
... - must consider regioselectivity when using substituted benzenes directing effects: o/p or m (see handout) ...
In Situ Click Chemistry
... In situ AA Click chemistry is completely biocompatible, uses irreversible reaction to unite reagents inside the protein´s binding ...
... In situ AA Click chemistry is completely biocompatible, uses irreversible reaction to unite reagents inside the protein´s binding ...
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Oxidation-Reduction
... Oxidation Numbers The concept of oxidation numbers is a simple way of keeping track of electrons in a reaction. The oxidation number (or oxidation state) of an atom in a substance is the actual charge of the atom if it exists as a monatomic ion. Alternatively, it is hypothetical charge assigned to t ...
... Oxidation Numbers The concept of oxidation numbers is a simple way of keeping track of electrons in a reaction. The oxidation number (or oxidation state) of an atom in a substance is the actual charge of the atom if it exists as a monatomic ion. Alternatively, it is hypothetical charge assigned to t ...
Hydrocarbons and Funcitonal Groups
... Only one of each type of substituent is present in the final molecule 5. List the names of the alkyl substituents in alphabetical order. 3-ethyl-2methylheptane ...
... Only one of each type of substituent is present in the final molecule 5. List the names of the alkyl substituents in alphabetical order. 3-ethyl-2methylheptane ...
Strychnine total synthesis
Strychnine total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule strychnine. The first reported method by the group of Robert Burns Woodward in 1954 is considered a classic in this research field. At the time it formed the natural conclusion to an elaborate process of molecular structure elucidation that started with the isolation of strychnine from the beans of Strychnos ignatii by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818. Major contributors to the entire effort were Sir Robert Robinson with over 250 publications and Hermann Leuchs with another 125 papers in a time span of 40 years. Robinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947 for his work on alkaloids, strychnine included. The process of chemical identification was completed with publications in 1946 by Robinson and later confirmed by Woodward in 1947. X-ray structures establishing the absolute configuration became available between 1947 and 1951 with publications from J. M. Bijvoet and J.H. Robertson .Woodward published a very brief account on the strychnine synthesis in 1954 (just 3 pages) and a lengthy one (42 pages) in 1963.Many more methods exist and reported by the research groups of Magnus, Overman, Kuehne, Rawal, Bosch, Vollhardt, Mori, Shibasaki, Li, Fukuyama Vanderwal and MacMillan. Synthetic (+)-strychnine is also known. Racemic synthesises were published by Padwa in 2007 and in 2010 by Andrade and by Reissig.In his 1963 publication Woodward quoted Sir Robert Robinson who said for its molecular size it is the most complex substance known.