Formulation - Good Hope School
... (d) In electroplating industry, the waste solution may further be treated by adding iron powder. Why? To recover precious metals/ chromium [1] [1 mark] F5/ Chemistry/ Summer Assignment/ P. 11 ...
... (d) In electroplating industry, the waste solution may further be treated by adding iron powder. Why? To recover precious metals/ chromium [1] [1 mark] F5/ Chemistry/ Summer Assignment/ P. 11 ...
Notes 2 Balancing
... • The molecules may change but the atoms within them do not. • If you have H, O, and C are the reactant side of a reaction, you must have ___ , ___ , and ____ on the product side. • The ONLY thing we can change is the quantity of MOLECULES, or the number of moles of molecules ...
... • The molecules may change but the atoms within them do not. • If you have H, O, and C are the reactant side of a reaction, you must have ___ , ___ , and ____ on the product side. • The ONLY thing we can change is the quantity of MOLECULES, or the number of moles of molecules ...
x - A Level Tuition
... Either a burette with 0.1 cm3 interval or a measuring cylinder with 1 cm3 interval can be used to measure the volume of FA 3 required. It is known that the error (or uncertainty) that is associated with each reading when using a measuring cylinder with 1 cm3 interval is ±0.5 cm3, while that using a ...
... Either a burette with 0.1 cm3 interval or a measuring cylinder with 1 cm3 interval can be used to measure the volume of FA 3 required. It is known that the error (or uncertainty) that is associated with each reading when using a measuring cylinder with 1 cm3 interval is ±0.5 cm3, while that using a ...
Welcome to Class 7
... α-D-Glucopyranose has 4 equatorial and 1 axial substitutions on the pyranose ring whereas β-DGlucopyranose has 5 equatorial substituents on the pyranose ring. Minimization of steric hindrance favors equatorial positions for the highest number of pyranose substituents. The anomeric effect involving s ...
... α-D-Glucopyranose has 4 equatorial and 1 axial substitutions on the pyranose ring whereas β-DGlucopyranose has 5 equatorial substituents on the pyranose ring. Minimization of steric hindrance favors equatorial positions for the highest number of pyranose substituents. The anomeric effect involving s ...
Epoxyalkyl peptide derivatives as active-site
... standard acceptor peptide Arg-Asn-Gly-Thr-Ala-Val-OMe. These observations suggest a specific reaction of inhibitor I at the active site of the transferases. The inhibitory effect exerted by compound I was less pronounced when the transferases were pre-incubated with the standard acceptor peptide bef ...
... standard acceptor peptide Arg-Asn-Gly-Thr-Ala-Val-OMe. These observations suggest a specific reaction of inhibitor I at the active site of the transferases. The inhibitory effect exerted by compound I was less pronounced when the transferases were pre-incubated with the standard acceptor peptide bef ...
Chemistry C2 Part One
... Carboxylic acid reactions 2 • Carboxylic acids react with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst to form esters • Esters are sweet-smelling liquids found in perfumes and fruits like oranges and strawberries • Esters also give some fruits a special flavour ...
... Carboxylic acid reactions 2 • Carboxylic acids react with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst to form esters • Esters are sweet-smelling liquids found in perfumes and fruits like oranges and strawberries • Esters also give some fruits a special flavour ...
8th Grade Ch. 7 Chemical Reactions Study guide
... A. reactant B. product C. precipitate D. catalyst ____ 32. According to the law of conservation of mass, how does the mass of the products in a chemical reaction compare to the mass of the reactants? A. There is no relationship. B. The mass of products is sometimes greater. C. The mass of reactants ...
... A. reactant B. product C. precipitate D. catalyst ____ 32. According to the law of conservation of mass, how does the mass of the products in a chemical reaction compare to the mass of the reactants? A. There is no relationship. B. The mass of products is sometimes greater. C. The mass of reactants ...
carbohydrates
... Anomers: Chiral isomers differing only in the position of carbonyl-derived hydroxyl group (glycosidic hydroxyl). If its position is identical to the D-configuration of the determining carbon of the projected formula, it is called as –anomer, while in the case of identity with L-configuration, it is ...
... Anomers: Chiral isomers differing only in the position of carbonyl-derived hydroxyl group (glycosidic hydroxyl). If its position is identical to the D-configuration of the determining carbon of the projected formula, it is called as –anomer, while in the case of identity with L-configuration, it is ...
Organic Chemistry Questions
... (a) What is the molecular formula for the compounds? (b) Draw the structural formulas for the four possible noncyclic isomers with this molecular formula. (c) In the presence of an appropriate catalyst, both gases add hydrogen. The hydrogenated products are identical, their molecular weight is 58. W ...
... (a) What is the molecular formula for the compounds? (b) Draw the structural formulas for the four possible noncyclic isomers with this molecular formula. (c) In the presence of an appropriate catalyst, both gases add hydrogen. The hydrogenated products are identical, their molecular weight is 58. W ...
Lecture notes Chapters 14-15
... 1. Acidity of alcohols: Phenols are weak acids and react with aqueous sodium hydroxide to form water-soluble salts. Alcohols are considerably weaker acids than phenols and do not react in this matter. 2. Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration alkenes: we can convert an alcohol to an alkene by eliminating a mole ...
... 1. Acidity of alcohols: Phenols are weak acids and react with aqueous sodium hydroxide to form water-soluble salts. Alcohols are considerably weaker acids than phenols and do not react in this matter. 2. Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration alkenes: we can convert an alcohol to an alkene by eliminating a mole ...
2007 - Thompson Rivers University
... carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen atoms. A 2.859 g sample of the compound is burned in excess air, and it produces 4.190 g of carbon dioxide and 3.428 g of water. What is the empirical formula? (Molar Masses: CO2 = 44.01 g/mol; H2O = 18.02 g/mol) (a) (b) (c) → (d) ...
... carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen atoms. A 2.859 g sample of the compound is burned in excess air, and it produces 4.190 g of carbon dioxide and 3.428 g of water. What is the empirical formula? (Molar Masses: CO2 = 44.01 g/mol; H2O = 18.02 g/mol) (a) (b) (c) → (d) ...
Notes
... • Oxidation potential measures the strength of reducing agents. When the reduction half-‐reactions is read backwards, they are oxidation half reactions. In other words, oxidation potentials of reducing agents are ...
... • Oxidation potential measures the strength of reducing agents. When the reduction half-‐reactions is read backwards, they are oxidation half reactions. In other words, oxidation potentials of reducing agents are ...
Lecture 14
... The R-groups can be alkyl, aromatic, alcoholic or phenolic, thiol or thioether, basic groups like amine or guanidine and carboxylic acids. In proteins these individual groups act together to perform various functions. functions The linear chain of amino acids (primary structure), folds itself throug ...
... The R-groups can be alkyl, aromatic, alcoholic or phenolic, thiol or thioether, basic groups like amine or guanidine and carboxylic acids. In proteins these individual groups act together to perform various functions. functions The linear chain of amino acids (primary structure), folds itself throug ...
Macromolecules
... Most consist of an asymmetric carbon covalently bonded to: H O Hydrogen atom H3N+- C Carboxyl group R O Amino group Variable R group (side chain) ...
... Most consist of an asymmetric carbon covalently bonded to: H O Hydrogen atom H3N+- C Carboxyl group R O Amino group Variable R group (side chain) ...
Chapter 12 Review “Stoichiometry”
... of the following is NOT a reason why actual yield is less than theoretical yield: a) impure reactant present, or b) conservation of mass? What is conserved in this reaction: H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)? In any chemical reaction, the quantities that are preserved are __. ...
... of the following is NOT a reason why actual yield is less than theoretical yield: a) impure reactant present, or b) conservation of mass? What is conserved in this reaction: H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)? In any chemical reaction, the quantities that are preserved are __. ...
Chapter 12 Review “Stoichiometry”
... of the following is NOT a reason why actual yield is less than theoretical yield: a) impure reactant present, or b) conservation of mass? What is conserved in this reaction: H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)? In any chemical reaction, the quantities that are preserved are __. ...
... of the following is NOT a reason why actual yield is less than theoretical yield: a) impure reactant present, or b) conservation of mass? What is conserved in this reaction: H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)? In any chemical reaction, the quantities that are preserved are __. ...
Properties of Alcohol
... Test for methanol: Mix in a test tube about 1 part of methanol, 4 parts of dil. NaOH solution, and 1 ml of iodine solution then warm. ...
... Test for methanol: Mix in a test tube about 1 part of methanol, 4 parts of dil. NaOH solution, and 1 ml of iodine solution then warm. ...
Chapter 14 Applying Neutralizaton Titrations
... two hydroxide ions, the uptake of carbon dioxide by a solution of base does not necessarily alter its combining capacity for hydronium ions. If the end point of a titration occurs in acidic solution and thus requires an acid-range indicator, each carbonate ion produced from sodium or potassium hydro ...
... two hydroxide ions, the uptake of carbon dioxide by a solution of base does not necessarily alter its combining capacity for hydronium ions. If the end point of a titration occurs in acidic solution and thus requires an acid-range indicator, each carbonate ion produced from sodium or potassium hydro ...
CHAPTER 11 BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE:
... • Reducing aldehydes and acids with NaBH4 or LiAlH4 produces a primary alcohol. • Reduction of a ketone produces a secondary alcohol. ...
... • Reducing aldehydes and acids with NaBH4 or LiAlH4 produces a primary alcohol. • Reduction of a ketone produces a secondary alcohol. ...
Alcohols I Reading: Wade chapter 10, sections 10-1- 10
... a metal atom (C–M, M=Li, Na, K, Mg). The C–M bond is polarized so that most of the electron density resides on carbon, since it is the more electronegative atom of the pair. This makes carbon a good nucleophile (and also a good base). Grignard reagents are organomagnesium compounds formed from alkyl ...
... a metal atom (C–M, M=Li, Na, K, Mg). The C–M bond is polarized so that most of the electron density resides on carbon, since it is the more electronegative atom of the pair. This makes carbon a good nucleophile (and also a good base). Grignard reagents are organomagnesium compounds formed from alkyl ...
Exp`t 73
... three products: the main product overall (75-80%) is 1-methyl-1-cyclohexene, 2 (B.P. = 110-111 °C); also present are 3-methyl-1-cyclohexene, 3 (B.P.=104 °C) and methylenecyclohexane, 4. The relative amounts of each product can be determined by gas chromatographic analysis of the mixture. Interesting ...
... three products: the main product overall (75-80%) is 1-methyl-1-cyclohexene, 2 (B.P. = 110-111 °C); also present are 3-methyl-1-cyclohexene, 3 (B.P.=104 °C) and methylenecyclohexane, 4. The relative amounts of each product can be determined by gas chromatographic analysis of the mixture. Interesting ...
Chapter 12- Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds, Redox Reactions
... • A variety of reagents are available for these oxidations • One of the most used is pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) • It is prepared by mixing CrO3 with HCl, then treating with pyridine ...
... • A variety of reagents are available for these oxidations • One of the most used is pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) • It is prepared by mixing CrO3 with HCl, then treating with pyridine ...
Highly Enantioselective Cyclocarbonylation of Allylic
... chiral γ-butyrolactones 4 in good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee) (Table 2). In general, introduction of aromatic substituents at the β or γ position of allylic alcohols enhances the enantioselectivity (entries 1-6 vs entry 7). The lactonization of the allylic alcohols 3 likely proc ...
... chiral γ-butyrolactones 4 in good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee) (Table 2). In general, introduction of aromatic substituents at the β or γ position of allylic alcohols enhances the enantioselectivity (entries 1-6 vs entry 7). The lactonization of the allylic alcohols 3 likely proc ...
Ch 19 test_take-home
... 3) Calculate ΔG° (in kJ/mol) for the following reaction at 1 atm and 25°C: C2H6 (g) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + H2O (l) ...
... 3) Calculate ΔG° (in kJ/mol) for the following reaction at 1 atm and 25°C: C2H6 (g) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + H2O (l) ...
Strychnine total synthesis
Strychnine total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule strychnine. The first reported method by the group of Robert Burns Woodward in 1954 is considered a classic in this research field. At the time it formed the natural conclusion to an elaborate process of molecular structure elucidation that started with the isolation of strychnine from the beans of Strychnos ignatii by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818. Major contributors to the entire effort were Sir Robert Robinson with over 250 publications and Hermann Leuchs with another 125 papers in a time span of 40 years. Robinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947 for his work on alkaloids, strychnine included. The process of chemical identification was completed with publications in 1946 by Robinson and later confirmed by Woodward in 1947. X-ray structures establishing the absolute configuration became available between 1947 and 1951 with publications from J. M. Bijvoet and J.H. Robertson .Woodward published a very brief account on the strychnine synthesis in 1954 (just 3 pages) and a lengthy one (42 pages) in 1963.Many more methods exist and reported by the research groups of Magnus, Overman, Kuehne, Rawal, Bosch, Vollhardt, Mori, Shibasaki, Li, Fukuyama Vanderwal and MacMillan. Synthetic (+)-strychnine is also known. Racemic synthesises were published by Padwa in 2007 and in 2010 by Andrade and by Reissig.In his 1963 publication Woodward quoted Sir Robert Robinson who said for its molecular size it is the most complex substance known.