m4 organic reaction pathways
... The second ammonia molecule ensures the removal of HBr which would lead to the formation of a salt. A large excess ammonia ensures that further substitution doesn’t take place - see below Problem The amine produced is also a nucleophile (lone pair on N) and can attack another molecule of halogenoalk ...
... The second ammonia molecule ensures the removal of HBr which would lead to the formation of a salt. A large excess ammonia ensures that further substitution doesn’t take place - see below Problem The amine produced is also a nucleophile (lone pair on N) and can attack another molecule of halogenoalk ...
Exam 3 Answer Key
... 6. (2.5) True or False? A molecule with a non-superimposable mirror image must be chiral. 7. (2.5) True or False? A hydrogen attached to a carbon of a triple bond can be abstracted using a base, the conjugate acid of which is stronger than the alkyne. ...
... 6. (2.5) True or False? A molecule with a non-superimposable mirror image must be chiral. 7. (2.5) True or False? A hydrogen attached to a carbon of a triple bond can be abstracted using a base, the conjugate acid of which is stronger than the alkyne. ...
Chemistry 212 — Fall Semester 1996 Examination #2
... (b) Free phosphatidic acids are rare. Instead, the phosphoric acid moiety is usually esterified with another alcohol. The ester formed with the phosphatidic acid are the phosphatidyl derivatives. We learned about phosphatidylcholine, the ester of phosphatidic acid and choline. Now let’s look at a si ...
... (b) Free phosphatidic acids are rare. Instead, the phosphoric acid moiety is usually esterified with another alcohol. The ester formed with the phosphatidic acid are the phosphatidyl derivatives. We learned about phosphatidylcholine, the ester of phosphatidic acid and choline. Now let’s look at a si ...
with answers
... (d) Explain why compounds of the formulae Na2O and NH3 form from their respective constituent elements. Give reasons for your answer. (4P) Na attains inert gas configuration by losing its one valence (forming Na+). N reaches inert gas configuration by gaining three electrons (through formation of th ...
... (d) Explain why compounds of the formulae Na2O and NH3 form from their respective constituent elements. Give reasons for your answer. (4P) Na attains inert gas configuration by losing its one valence (forming Na+). N reaches inert gas configuration by gaining three electrons (through formation of th ...
Aldehydes and Ketones
... addition forming the conjugate acid of C=O Addition yields a hydroxy ether, called a hemiacetal (reversible); further reaction can occur Protonation of the OH and loss of water leads to an oxonium ion, R2C=OR+ to which a second alcohol adds to form the acetal ...
... addition forming the conjugate acid of C=O Addition yields a hydroxy ether, called a hemiacetal (reversible); further reaction can occur Protonation of the OH and loss of water leads to an oxonium ion, R2C=OR+ to which a second alcohol adds to form the acetal ...
Aldehydes and Ketones
... addition forming the conjugate acid of C=O Addition yields a hydroxy ether, called a hemiacetal (reversible); further reaction can occur Protonation of the OH and loss of water leads to an oxonium ion, R2C=OR+ to which a second alcohol adds to form the acetal ...
... addition forming the conjugate acid of C=O Addition yields a hydroxy ether, called a hemiacetal (reversible); further reaction can occur Protonation of the OH and loss of water leads to an oxonium ion, R2C=OR+ to which a second alcohol adds to form the acetal ...
a,b
... The Michael Reaction The conjugate addition of a nucleophilic enolate ion to an a,bunsaturated carbonyl compound is known as the Michael reaction • Best reactions are derived from addition of a b-keto ester or other 1,3-dicarbonyl compound to an unhindered a,bunsaturated ketone • Ethyl acetoacetate ...
... The Michael Reaction The conjugate addition of a nucleophilic enolate ion to an a,bunsaturated carbonyl compound is known as the Michael reaction • Best reactions are derived from addition of a b-keto ester or other 1,3-dicarbonyl compound to an unhindered a,bunsaturated ketone • Ethyl acetoacetate ...
Answers
... NH2 OH 4. How do you think the name “amino acid” was derived? Amino – comes from the amine group that all of them have Acid – comes from the carboxylic acid group that all of them have 5. When an amine group and carboxylic group combine, the new functional group formed is called a(n) _______________ ...
... NH2 OH 4. How do you think the name “amino acid” was derived? Amino – comes from the amine group that all of them have Acid – comes from the carboxylic acid group that all of them have 5. When an amine group and carboxylic group combine, the new functional group formed is called a(n) _______________ ...
Organic Chemistry: Introduction
... • To get a carboxylic acid, the aldehyde has to remain in the solution with the oxidizing agent for a longer amount of time. Instead of distillation, a reflux column is used. • Refluxing is a technique that involves the cyclic evaporation and condensation of a volatile reaction mixture, preserving t ...
... • To get a carboxylic acid, the aldehyde has to remain in the solution with the oxidizing agent for a longer amount of time. Instead of distillation, a reflux column is used. • Refluxing is a technique that involves the cyclic evaporation and condensation of a volatile reaction mixture, preserving t ...
Synthetic Polymers
... Describe the polymerisation of amino acids to form proteins, hence compare the structural similarities & differences of nylon & proteins. ...
... Describe the polymerisation of amino acids to form proteins, hence compare the structural similarities & differences of nylon & proteins. ...
Organic Chemistry Notes
... alcohols (e.g., pentan-2-ol), carboxylic acids (e.g., pentanoic acid) and esters (e.g., methyl pentanoate), and with multiple occurrences of the functional group limited to halogens (e.g., 2bromo-1-chloropentane) and alcohols (e.g., pentane-2,3-diol) You will identify types of compounds from the hyd ...
... alcohols (e.g., pentan-2-ol), carboxylic acids (e.g., pentanoic acid) and esters (e.g., methyl pentanoate), and with multiple occurrences of the functional group limited to halogens (e.g., 2bromo-1-chloropentane) and alcohols (e.g., pentane-2,3-diol) You will identify types of compounds from the hyd ...
File
... A 1.00 gram sample of which of these compounds contains the greatest mass of oxygen? A) Al2O3 B) BeO C) Na2O D) K2O2 2. What is the chemical formula of iron (III) sulfate? A) FeSO4 B) FeSO3 C) Fe(SO4)3 D) Fe2(SO4)3 3 - 4. An experiment is done to determine the density of copper. A sample of copper i ...
... A 1.00 gram sample of which of these compounds contains the greatest mass of oxygen? A) Al2O3 B) BeO C) Na2O D) K2O2 2. What is the chemical formula of iron (III) sulfate? A) FeSO4 B) FeSO3 C) Fe(SO4)3 D) Fe2(SO4)3 3 - 4. An experiment is done to determine the density of copper. A sample of copper i ...
Print this page
... Aldehyde: A carbonyl group that is singly-bound to one hydrogen atom and one carbon atom. Notice that if, instead of the carbon atom, you have oxygen or nitrogen, you do not have an aldehyde but rather an acid/ester or an amide, respectively. ...
... Aldehyde: A carbonyl group that is singly-bound to one hydrogen atom and one carbon atom. Notice that if, instead of the carbon atom, you have oxygen or nitrogen, you do not have an aldehyde but rather an acid/ester or an amide, respectively. ...
Oxidation Number Rules
... Chemistry 1211 Rules for Establishing Oxidation Numbers 1. Any uncombined atom, or any atom in a molecule of an element, is assigned an oxidation number of zero. Examples: N2, Cl2, C, Sn, S8 2. The oxidation number of a simple, monatomic ion is the same as the charge on the ion. Examples: Na+ is +1, ...
... Chemistry 1211 Rules for Establishing Oxidation Numbers 1. Any uncombined atom, or any atom in a molecule of an element, is assigned an oxidation number of zero. Examples: N2, Cl2, C, Sn, S8 2. The oxidation number of a simple, monatomic ion is the same as the charge on the ion. Examples: Na+ is +1, ...
Worksheet
... Note that once the oxygen gas is removed you are left with the ionic compound magnesium chloride. You should still go through the steps of crossing charges between magnesium (2+) and chlorine (1-) to get MgCl2. Combustion Reactions To combust is to react with oxygen. These reactions often involve a ...
... Note that once the oxygen gas is removed you are left with the ionic compound magnesium chloride. You should still go through the steps of crossing charges between magnesium (2+) and chlorine (1-) to get MgCl2. Combustion Reactions To combust is to react with oxygen. These reactions often involve a ...
Lab 5: Qualitative Analysis Test for Carbohydrates
... either a free aldehyde or free ketone functional group as part of its molecular structure. A functional groups are the regions of a molecule that gives it particular properties. A single molecule can have more than one functional group as part of its structure. ...
... either a free aldehyde or free ketone functional group as part of its molecular structure. A functional groups are the regions of a molecule that gives it particular properties. A single molecule can have more than one functional group as part of its structure. ...
Document
... In this chapter, you learned how to recognize, name, and predict the physical properties of organic compounds that belong to the alcohol, ether, amine, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester, and amide families. ...
... In this chapter, you learned how to recognize, name, and predict the physical properties of organic compounds that belong to the alcohol, ether, amine, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester, and amide families. ...
Practice problem chap3 1. The atomic mass of 35Cl (75.53%) and
... the average atomic mass in amu. 2. What is the mass percent (%) for O in SO2? (a) 38.09 (b) 45.41 (c) 50.00 (d) 53.86 (e) 56.43 3. How many molecules of ethane (C2H6) are present in 0.334g of C2H6?How many H atoms? 4. Chemical analysis shows the composition of a compound containing carbon and hydrog ...
... the average atomic mass in amu. 2. What is the mass percent (%) for O in SO2? (a) 38.09 (b) 45.41 (c) 50.00 (d) 53.86 (e) 56.43 3. How many molecules of ethane (C2H6) are present in 0.334g of C2H6?How many H atoms? 4. Chemical analysis shows the composition of a compound containing carbon and hydrog ...
Synthesis Reactions occur when two of more reactants combine to
... 3. _____Zinc pellets are added to a sulfuric acid solution. ...
... 3. _____Zinc pellets are added to a sulfuric acid solution. ...
Exam 2
... C. ( 12 points, 6 each) Indicate the reagents for the following two-step conversions: ...
... C. ( 12 points, 6 each) Indicate the reagents for the following two-step conversions: ...
Chapter 8
... Reaction of elements with oxygen to form oxides Reactions of elements with sulfur to form sulfides Nonmetals react with oxygen to form oxides Reactions of halogens to form salts Active metal oxides react with water to form metallic ...
... Reaction of elements with oxygen to form oxides Reactions of elements with sulfur to form sulfides Nonmetals react with oxygen to form oxides Reactions of halogens to form salts Active metal oxides react with water to form metallic ...
2015 Academic Challenge CHEMISTRY TEST – STATE
... You are advised to use your time effectively and to work as rapidly as you can without losing accuracy. Do not waste your time on questions that seem too difficult for you. Go on to the other questions, and then come back to the difficult ones later if time remains. ...
... You are advised to use your time effectively and to work as rapidly as you can without losing accuracy. Do not waste your time on questions that seem too difficult for you. Go on to the other questions, and then come back to the difficult ones later if time remains. ...
Strychnine total synthesis
Strychnine total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule strychnine. The first reported method by the group of Robert Burns Woodward in 1954 is considered a classic in this research field. At the time it formed the natural conclusion to an elaborate process of molecular structure elucidation that started with the isolation of strychnine from the beans of Strychnos ignatii by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818. Major contributors to the entire effort were Sir Robert Robinson with over 250 publications and Hermann Leuchs with another 125 papers in a time span of 40 years. Robinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947 for his work on alkaloids, strychnine included. The process of chemical identification was completed with publications in 1946 by Robinson and later confirmed by Woodward in 1947. X-ray structures establishing the absolute configuration became available between 1947 and 1951 with publications from J. M. Bijvoet and J.H. Robertson .Woodward published a very brief account on the strychnine synthesis in 1954 (just 3 pages) and a lengthy one (42 pages) in 1963.Many more methods exist and reported by the research groups of Magnus, Overman, Kuehne, Rawal, Bosch, Vollhardt, Mori, Shibasaki, Li, Fukuyama Vanderwal and MacMillan. Synthetic (+)-strychnine is also known. Racemic synthesises were published by Padwa in 2007 and in 2010 by Andrade and by Reissig.In his 1963 publication Woodward quoted Sir Robert Robinson who said for its molecular size it is the most complex substance known.