Single-Replacement Reactions
... Balance the atoms of an element one at a time by adding coefficients (the numbers in front) - save H and O until LAST! Check to make sure it is balanced. ...
... Balance the atoms of an element one at a time by adding coefficients (the numbers in front) - save H and O until LAST! Check to make sure it is balanced. ...
Bonds - MCAT Cooperative
... Alternate between both equatorial and both axial whenever the molecule is in the chair conformation Both alternate between equatorial and axial but will never exist both axial or both equatorial at the same time ...
... Alternate between both equatorial and both axial whenever the molecule is in the chair conformation Both alternate between equatorial and axial but will never exist both axial or both equatorial at the same time ...
Organic Chemistry
... 2. Hydrocarbons are compounds of C and H. The simplest hydrocarbon is methane, CH4, which is used for heating and in gas stoves for cooking. 3. Saturated hydrocarbons have only single bonds. (Saturated means “full.” Saturated hydrocarbons are “full” of hydrogen.) 4. Unsaturated hydrocarbons have dou ...
... 2. Hydrocarbons are compounds of C and H. The simplest hydrocarbon is methane, CH4, which is used for heating and in gas stoves for cooking. 3. Saturated hydrocarbons have only single bonds. (Saturated means “full.” Saturated hydrocarbons are “full” of hydrogen.) 4. Unsaturated hydrocarbons have dou ...
applied sciences Chiral β-Amino Alcohols as Ligands for the N
... leading to the free primary amines [22,23]. N-phosphinyl imines have found a variety of synthetic applications in asymmetric processes [10,24,25]. For instance, the preparation of chiral amines can be achieved by stereoselective reduction of N-phosphinyl ketimines through different synthetic approac ...
... leading to the free primary amines [22,23]. N-phosphinyl imines have found a variety of synthetic applications in asymmetric processes [10,24,25]. For instance, the preparation of chiral amines can be achieved by stereoselective reduction of N-phosphinyl ketimines through different synthetic approac ...
Green Chemistry: Principles and Practice
... Organic reactions in sc-CO2 Partnership between the University of Nottingham and the Thomas Swan & ...
... Organic reactions in sc-CO2 Partnership between the University of Nottingham and the Thomas Swan & ...
IB Chemistry HL Assessment Statements 2009 Revised
... 1,6‑diaminohexane and hexanedioic acid. Include the identification of the repeating unit. ...
... 1,6‑diaminohexane and hexanedioic acid. Include the identification of the repeating unit. ...
Regents Unit 15b: Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, & Esters
... • General formula: RCH or RCHO • Carbonyl group is always at the end of the aldehyde (C on one side, H on the other). • Find the name of the alkane with the same # of carbons. Change the final e to -al. • Never need #’s for aldehydes – always at end. ...
... • General formula: RCH or RCHO • Carbonyl group is always at the end of the aldehyde (C on one side, H on the other). • Find the name of the alkane with the same # of carbons. Change the final e to -al. • Never need #’s for aldehydes – always at end. ...
Unit 8 – Organic Chemistry
... – When a reactant consists of non-identical atoms (such as a hydrogen halide), and is added to an alkene or alkyne, the hydrogen atom bonds to the side of the double bond that has more hydrogen atoms ...
... – When a reactant consists of non-identical atoms (such as a hydrogen halide), and is added to an alkene or alkyne, the hydrogen atom bonds to the side of the double bond that has more hydrogen atoms ...
Learning Check
... in the presence of water and heat. What will be the products of this reaction? To write the hydrolysis products, separate the compound at the ester bond. Complete the formula of the carboxylic acid by adding –OH (from water) to the carbonyl group and –H (from water) to the alcohol. ...
... in the presence of water and heat. What will be the products of this reaction? To write the hydrolysis products, separate the compound at the ester bond. Complete the formula of the carboxylic acid by adding –OH (from water) to the carbonyl group and –H (from water) to the alcohol. ...
Organic Chemistry
... No more than one –OH group can be attached to any one carbon The carbon to which the –OH group is attached must have all single bonds Alcohols are not bases (do not ionize in water) Name: hydrocarbon name, replace the final –e with –ol ...
... No more than one –OH group can be attached to any one carbon The carbon to which the –OH group is attached must have all single bonds Alcohols are not bases (do not ionize in water) Name: hydrocarbon name, replace the final –e with –ol ...
CHAPTER 1: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
... - C-O-C bond is v-shaped and polar, so molecule is more polar than an alkane with the same number of C’s but not as polar as alcohols with the O-H bond - see table 2 p 46 - can dissolve both polar and non-polar substances - C-O bond stable so they are unrreactive Naming Ethers: - use “-oxy” on end o ...
... - C-O-C bond is v-shaped and polar, so molecule is more polar than an alkane with the same number of C’s but not as polar as alcohols with the O-H bond - see table 2 p 46 - can dissolve both polar and non-polar substances - C-O bond stable so they are unrreactive Naming Ethers: - use “-oxy” on end o ...
ALKENES Introduction • Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing C=C
... Nomenclature of Alkenes Select longest carbon atom chain containing a double bond. Number the carbon atoms in the chain starting at the end nearest to the double bond. Add the position of double bond before the parent ...
... Nomenclature of Alkenes Select longest carbon atom chain containing a double bond. Number the carbon atoms in the chain starting at the end nearest to the double bond. Add the position of double bond before the parent ...
2014-15 FINAL REVIEW Nomenclature: Chemical Name Chemical
... How many grams of sodium sulfate will be formed if you start with 200 grams of sodium hydroxide and you have an excess of sulfuric acid (H2SO4)? 2. Using the following equation: Pb(SO4)2 + 4 LiNO3 Pb(NO3)4 + 2 Li2SO4 How many grams of lithium nitrate will be needed to make 250 grams of lithium sul ...
... How many grams of sodium sulfate will be formed if you start with 200 grams of sodium hydroxide and you have an excess of sulfuric acid (H2SO4)? 2. Using the following equation: Pb(SO4)2 + 4 LiNO3 Pb(NO3)4 + 2 Li2SO4 How many grams of lithium nitrate will be needed to make 250 grams of lithium sul ...
interaction of alcohols with alkalies under autogeneous pressure
... acid diminishes with an increase in the number of carbon atoms except in the case of methyl alcohol where the formation of the carbonate is quantitative. The amount of the carbonate in other cases increases, in general, with an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol. It is interesting ...
... acid diminishes with an increase in the number of carbon atoms except in the case of methyl alcohol where the formation of the carbonate is quantitative. The amount of the carbonate in other cases increases, in general, with an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol. It is interesting ...
Practice exam 1 - Little Dumb doctor, homework solutions
... 3.(10) Draw the resonance structure for each of the species below using the arrows indicating the electron flow. O a) ...
... 3.(10) Draw the resonance structure for each of the species below using the arrows indicating the electron flow. O a) ...
EXPERIMENT 3: Preparation and Reactivity of Alkyl Halides
... Although one might expect such a reaction to be reversible, it can be driven to formation of R-I by using anhydrous acetone as the solvent. Sodium iodide (NaI) is soluble in this solvent, but sodium chloride and sodium bromide are not. If a reaction occurs, a precipitate of sodium chloride or sodium ...
... Although one might expect such a reaction to be reversible, it can be driven to formation of R-I by using anhydrous acetone as the solvent. Sodium iodide (NaI) is soluble in this solvent, but sodium chloride and sodium bromide are not. If a reaction occurs, a precipitate of sodium chloride or sodium ...
Part I - American Chemical Society
... DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL DIRECTED TO DO SO. Answers to questions in Part I must be entered on a Scantron answer sheet to be scored. Be sure to write your name on the answer sheet; an ID number is already entered for you. Make a record of this ID number because you will use the same number on both ...
... DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL DIRECTED TO DO SO. Answers to questions in Part I must be entered on a Scantron answer sheet to be scored. Be sure to write your name on the answer sheet; an ID number is already entered for you. Make a record of this ID number because you will use the same number on both ...
Chapter 20: Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles
... As the solution becomes more acidic (Below a pH of 10.64) we expect methylamine to be protonated. (Higher concentration of HA) As the solution becomes more basic (pH above 10.64) we expect the acidic proton to be removed. (Higher concentration of A-) ...
... As the solution becomes more acidic (Below a pH of 10.64) we expect methylamine to be protonated. (Higher concentration of HA) As the solution becomes more basic (pH above 10.64) we expect the acidic proton to be removed. (Higher concentration of A-) ...
![[edit]Occurrence in solution](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/009755146_1-58e56f0cc08d3d020872dbc6c3acbb66-300x300.png)
[edit]Occurrence in solution
... counterpart, "D-aspartic acid" are more limited. Where enzymatic synthesis will produce one or the other, most chemical syntheses will produce both forms, "DL-aspartic acid," known as a ...
... counterpart, "D-aspartic acid" are more limited. Where enzymatic synthesis will produce one or the other, most chemical syntheses will produce both forms, "DL-aspartic acid," known as a ...
Development of Novel Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions using
... aldol reaction.2 A detailed investigation of the above reaction mechanism revealed that water (or PdOH produced from 1) acted as a nucleophile on the silyl group, as shown in Scheme 4, and chiral Pd enolates (I) were generated as the key chemical intermediates through transmetallation. While the fin ...
... aldol reaction.2 A detailed investigation of the above reaction mechanism revealed that water (or PdOH produced from 1) acted as a nucleophile on the silyl group, as shown in Scheme 4, and chiral Pd enolates (I) were generated as the key chemical intermediates through transmetallation. While the fin ...
biochemistry: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and dna
... Chiral C - a carbon that has 4 different groups attached Chiral compound - a compound containing a chiral C • Chiral compounds have mirror images D, L tells which of the 2 optical isomers we are referring to • If the OH group on the next to bottom C points to the right, it is the D isomer; if it poi ...
... Chiral C - a carbon that has 4 different groups attached Chiral compound - a compound containing a chiral C • Chiral compounds have mirror images D, L tells which of the 2 optical isomers we are referring to • If the OH group on the next to bottom C points to the right, it is the D isomer; if it poi ...
CHEMISTRY 1000
... hydrogen to a carbonyl (using NaBH4 or LiAlH4 as the source of nucleophilic hydrogen). This was a chemoselective reaction – in other words, the reducing agent only reduced one functional group (the carbonyl) and left others alone (e.g. alkenes). If we want to reduce an alkene or alkyne, we need to u ...
... hydrogen to a carbonyl (using NaBH4 or LiAlH4 as the source of nucleophilic hydrogen). This was a chemoselective reaction – in other words, the reducing agent only reduced one functional group (the carbonyl) and left others alone (e.g. alkenes). If we want to reduce an alkene or alkyne, we need to u ...
Strychnine total synthesis
Strychnine total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule strychnine. The first reported method by the group of Robert Burns Woodward in 1954 is considered a classic in this research field. At the time it formed the natural conclusion to an elaborate process of molecular structure elucidation that started with the isolation of strychnine from the beans of Strychnos ignatii by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818. Major contributors to the entire effort were Sir Robert Robinson with over 250 publications and Hermann Leuchs with another 125 papers in a time span of 40 years. Robinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947 for his work on alkaloids, strychnine included. The process of chemical identification was completed with publications in 1946 by Robinson and later confirmed by Woodward in 1947. X-ray structures establishing the absolute configuration became available between 1947 and 1951 with publications from J. M. Bijvoet and J.H. Robertson .Woodward published a very brief account on the strychnine synthesis in 1954 (just 3 pages) and a lengthy one (42 pages) in 1963.Many more methods exist and reported by the research groups of Magnus, Overman, Kuehne, Rawal, Bosch, Vollhardt, Mori, Shibasaki, Li, Fukuyama Vanderwal and MacMillan. Synthetic (+)-strychnine is also known. Racemic synthesises were published by Padwa in 2007 and in 2010 by Andrade and by Reissig.In his 1963 publication Woodward quoted Sir Robert Robinson who said for its molecular size it is the most complex substance known.