• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
alkanones
alkanones

... For a ketone, the carbonyl group (C=O) is attached to two other carbon atoms and is found mid-chain. They are a member of a homologus series called the alkanones, which ends in –one. ...
Electophilic Aromatic Substituion - Towson University
Electophilic Aromatic Substituion - Towson University

... can produce aromatic substitution with the addition of other reagents to promote the reaction ...
Diazotization-Coupling Reaction--
Diazotization-Coupling Reaction--

... are produced when an aryl amine reacts with cold nitrous acid. Nitrous acid is unstable and is prepared just prior to its use by a reaction between sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid. Figure 1 shows the conversion of aniline into the positive benzene diazonium ion. ...
AP_chemistry_Summer_Assignment_2014
AP_chemistry_Summer_Assignment_2014

... 60.A 2.0g sample of SX6 (g) has a volume of 329.5 cm3 at 1.00 atm and 20oC. Identify the element ‘X’. Name the compound. 61.When Hydrogen sulfide gas, H2S, reacts with oxygen, Sulfur dioxide gas and steam are produced. a.Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction. b.How many liters of su ...
Bronsted acidic ionic liquid as an efficient and reusable catalyst for
Bronsted acidic ionic liquid as an efficient and reusable catalyst for

... [NMP]+HSO4 as an optimized catalyst (Table 2). The results for the transesterification of MAA with 1-butanol demonstrate that chemical equilibrium is reached within 3 h at 80 °C (entry 1). Increase in the reaction time and temperature does not offer any significant advantage (entries 2–5). MAA was fo ...
Chapter 4 Summary
Chapter 4 Summary

... Functional groups are the parts of molecules involved in chemical reactions ...
practice unit #2 exam
practice unit #2 exam

... 7. The series of steps that most reactions undergo, from initial reactants to final products, is called the: A. catalytic conversion ...
Lecture 10 Carbon-Nitrogen Bonds Formation I
Lecture 10 Carbon-Nitrogen Bonds Formation I

... Lecture 11 Carbon-Nitrogen Bonds Formation II 4.3.1.3 Robinson-Schopf Reaction Compounds that are enolic or potentially enolic react with a mixture of aldehydes and primary or secondary amine in the presence of an acid to afford amine salt which, after basification, gives an aminomethyl derivative. ...
Pages from PS 11 Textbook for Lab
Pages from PS 11 Textbook for Lab

... change for a given reaction, called the enthalpy of reaction, ΔHR, can be readily calculated. The convention is to define the standard enthalpy of formation, ΔH°f , to specific molecular species, and then tabulate those values of ΔH°f . Because enthalpy is a state function, we are concerned only wit ...
Chapter 1-
Chapter 1-

... Reactions of Aromatic Compounds ...
Student Activity PDF - TI Education
Student Activity PDF - TI Education

... 3. For each word equation given on page 2.10, use the Chemical Balance tool on page 2.11 to balance the equation and record it in the table. First, write the balanced equation using the element symbols. Record the number of atoms of each element in the reactant (left side) and the products (right si ...
Chapter 4 Quantities of Reactants and Products 4.1 Chemical
Chapter 4 Quantities of Reactants and Products 4.1 Chemical

... The following abbreviations indicate the phases of the reacting participants. gas =(___); liquid = (___); solid = (___); aqueous = (____) Combustion of candle wax, C50H102, with molecular oxygen, O2, produces carbon dioxide, CO2, and water, H2O, and is communicated as follows. 2 C50H102(g) + 51 O2(g ...
File
File

... It can be argued that biodiesel produced from this method is classed as carbon–neutral as any carbon dioxide given off when the biofuel is burnt would have been extracted from the air by photosynthesis when the plant grew. This does not take into account any energy needed to irrigate plants, extract ...
oHi"l\-`NH / 1 \QQE
oHi"l\-`NH / 1 \QQE

... O—O—CHz—CHz-C Hi—cm~0-o O~CH2——CH—N/l a H: H: \ H2 sure of 0.1 mm. mercury. It constitutes a color- ...
EXPERIMENT 4 (Organic Chemistry II) Pahlavan/Cherif
EXPERIMENT 4 (Organic Chemistry II) Pahlavan/Cherif

... Figure 1- Hydrogen bonding between (a) alcohol molecules, and (b) alcohol and water molecules Also, considering their molecular masses as compared to alkanes, alcohols have relatively high boiling points. Individual alcohol molecules are attracted to each other by hydrogen bonds. A higher temperatur ...
Chemistry exam review
Chemistry exam review

... 1. What happens to the pressure of a constant mass of gas at constant temperature when the volume is doubled? a. The pressure is doubled. b. The pressure remains the same. c. The pressure is reduced by ½. d. The pressure is reduced by ¼. 2. The total pressure in a closed vessel containing N2, O2, an ...
chirality - KS5Chemistry
chirality - KS5Chemistry

anomeric carbon
anomeric carbon

... Relationship between Haworth (flat ring) depiction and chair-form ...
AP Chem
AP Chem

... 2. Answer the following questions that relate to chemical bonding. A. Draw Lewis structures for CF4, PF5, and SF6 B. On the basis of the Lewis structures you drew, answer the following question about the molecule indicated. (i) What is the F-C-F bond angle in CF4? (ii) What is the hybridization of t ...
Final Exam Review
Final Exam Review

... b. Kinetic energy of water molecules increases when the heated metal is immersed. c. Kinetic energy of water molecules decreases when the heated metal is immersed. d. Kinetic energy of metal atoms increases when immersed in the cooler water. 2. The gases helium, neon, and argon are in separate conta ...
Chapter 19: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Chapter 19: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

... 19.7: Physical Properties of Esters. (please read) 19.8: Reactions of Esters: A Review and a Preview. Nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions of esters (Table 19.4). Esters are less reactive toward nucleophilic acyl substitution than acid chlorides or acid anhydrides. 1. Aminolysis (Ch.19.11): Est ...
Functional Groups
Functional Groups

... when the chain is numbered starting at the end that will give the smallest number to the group. ...
Chapter16McMurryPPP
Chapter16McMurryPPP

... substituents ortho and para react with nucleophiles Form addition intermediate (Meisenheimer complex) that is stabilized by electron-withdrawal Halide ion is lost to give aromatic ring ...
NAT 5 Unit 2 Natures Chem Booklet 2 Everyday
NAT 5 Unit 2 Natures Chem Booklet 2 Everyday

... Heating the starch “solution” with the enzyme amylase to 37 °C (body ...
Gas-forming Reactions
Gas-forming Reactions

... more difficult to remove and the bisulfate ion is only partially ionized. The bisulfate ion is a weak acid. A base is a substance that increases the concentration of aqueous OH– ions when it is dissolved in water. Bases can be either ionic or molecular substances. A base can be thought of as a subst ...
< 1 ... 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 ... 333 >

Strychnine total synthesis



Strychnine total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule strychnine. The first reported method by the group of Robert Burns Woodward in 1954 is considered a classic in this research field. At the time it formed the natural conclusion to an elaborate process of molecular structure elucidation that started with the isolation of strychnine from the beans of Strychnos ignatii by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818. Major contributors to the entire effort were Sir Robert Robinson with over 250 publications and Hermann Leuchs with another 125 papers in a time span of 40 years. Robinson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947 for his work on alkaloids, strychnine included. The process of chemical identification was completed with publications in 1946 by Robinson and later confirmed by Woodward in 1947. X-ray structures establishing the absolute configuration became available between 1947 and 1951 with publications from J. M. Bijvoet and J.H. Robertson .Woodward published a very brief account on the strychnine synthesis in 1954 (just 3 pages) and a lengthy one (42 pages) in 1963.Many more methods exist and reported by the research groups of Magnus, Overman, Kuehne, Rawal, Bosch, Vollhardt, Mori, Shibasaki, Li, Fukuyama Vanderwal and MacMillan. Synthetic (+)-strychnine is also known. Racemic synthesises were published by Padwa in 2007 and in 2010 by Andrade and by Reissig.In his 1963 publication Woodward quoted Sir Robert Robinson who said for its molecular size it is the most complex substance known.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report